1
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Kerner MJ, Kuttruff CA, Chevliakov M, Buono FG, Gao DA, Krawiec M, Busacca CA, Senanayake CH, Wipf P, Reeves JT. Carbamoyl Anion Addition to Azirines. Org Lett 2021; 23:4396-4399. [PMID: 33988373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The addition of carbamoyl anions to azirines affords synthetically useful 2-aziridinyl amide building blocks. The reaction scope was explored with respect to both formamide and azirine, and the addition was found to be highly diastereoselective. A one-pot conversion of a ketoxime to an aziridinyl amide was demonstrated. The method was employed to incorporate an aziridine residue into a dipeptide segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kerner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Christian A Kuttruff
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Maxim Chevliakov
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Frederic G Buono
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donghong A Gao
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Carl A Busacca
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Chris H Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jonathan T Reeves
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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2
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Bisht GS, Dunchu TD, Gnanaprakasam B. Synthesis of Quaternary Spirooxindole 2H-Azirines under Batch and Continuous Flow Condition and Metal Assisted Umpolung Reactivity for the Ring-Opening Reaction. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:656-665. [PMID: 33464707 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and new approach for the synthesis of spirooxindole 2H-azirines via intramolecular oxidative cyclization of 3-(amino(phenyl)methylene)-indolin-2-one derivatives in the presence of I2 and Cs2 CO3 under batch/continuous flow is described. This method is mild and facile to synthesize a variety of spirooxindole 2H-azirines derivatives in gram-scale. Furthermore, we have synthesized spiroaziridine derivatives from spirooxindole 2H-azirines derivatives via addition of Grignard reagent. In addition, we discloses an metal assisted attack of Grignard nucleophile at N-centre rather than C- of the spirooxindole 2H-azirines, which concurrently underwent ring opening of transient aziridines to afford N-substituted Z-3-(aminophenyl)indolin-2-one. A plausible mechanism for azirination and ring-opening reaction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Singh Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Tenzin Dolkar Dunchu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 411008, Pune, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 411008, Pune, India
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3
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Pan J, Wu J, Zhang H, Ren X, Tan J, Zhu L, Zhang H, Jiang C, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Aziridines: aza‐Darzens Reaction of Cyclic Imines with α‐Halogenated Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Road Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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4
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Pan J, Wu JH, Zhang H, Ren X, Tan JP, Zhu L, Zhang HS, Jiang C, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Aziridines: aza-Darzens Reaction of Cyclic Imines with α-Halogenated Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7425-7430. [PMID: 30958634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective aza-Darzens reaction of cyclic imines with α-halogenated ketones was realized under mild reaction conditions by using amino-acid-derived bifunctional phosphonium salts as phase-transfer promoters. A variety of structurally dense tri- and tetrasubstituted aziridine derivatives, containing benzofused heterocycles as well as spiro-structures, were readily synthesized in high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 d.r. and >99.9 % ee). The highly functionalized aziridine products could be easily transformed into different classes of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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5
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11579-11583. [PMID: 28707372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrocyclization route to azetidine nitrones from N-alkenylnitrones was discovered that provides facile access to these unsaturated strained heterocycles. Reactivity studies showed that these compounds undergo a variety of reduction, cycloaddition, and nucleophilic addition reactions to form highly substituted azetidines with excellent diastereoselectivity. Taken together, these transformations provide a fundamentally different approach to azetidine synthesis than traditional cyclization by nucleophilic displacement and provide novel access to a variety of underexplored strained heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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7
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Trost BM, Saget T, Hung CIJ. Efficient Access to Chiral Trisubstituted Aziridines via Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Darzens Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2440-2444. [PMID: 28111864 PMCID: PMC5530870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Zn-ProPhenol catalyzed aza-Darzens reaction using chlorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the efficient and enantioselective construction of complex trisubstituted aziridines. The α-chloro-β-aminoketone intermediates featuring a chlorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenter can be isolated in high yields and selectivities for further derivatization. Alternatively, they can be directly transformed to the corresponding aziridines in a one-pot fashion. Of note, the reaction can be run on gram-scale with low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, this methodology was extended to α-bromoketones which are scarcely used in enantioselective catalysis because of their sensitivity and lack of accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Chao-I Joey Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
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8
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Trost BM, Saget T, Hung CIJ. Efficient Access to Chiral Trisubstituted Aziridines via Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Darzens Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Chao-I Joey Hung
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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9
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Moragas T, Churcher I, Lewis W, Stockman RA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines via Aza-Darzens Reaction of Chiral Sulfinimines. Org Lett 2014; 16:6290-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502967x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Moragas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, 2SG1
2NY, U.K
| | - William Lewis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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10
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Takechi S, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of α-sulfanyl lactones. Org Lett 2013; 15:2632-5. [PMID: 23668476 DOI: 10.1021/ol4008734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reactions of α-sulfanyl lactones to aldimines were promoted by a chiral Ag complex/DBU binary catalyst. The reaction proceeded in a syn-selective manner in high enantioselectivity. Alkylative activation of the sulfide of the Mannich adduct allowed for the formation of trisubstituted aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takechi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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11
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12
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Zhang Z, Wei Y, Shi M. An unprecedented ring-opening reaction of N-(aziridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazines to facile synthesis of functionalized enamines catalysed by Lewis acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5334-6. [PMID: 22527208 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interesting Lewis acid-catalysed ring-opening reaction of N-(aziridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazines has been described in this context. A variety of functionalized enamines could be obtained in good yields through a highly regioselective cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen single bond in the aziridines along with a 1,2-migration of the substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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13
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Huang L, Zhang Y, Staples RJ, Huang RH, Wulff WD. Double Stereodifferentiation in the Catalytic Asymmetric Aziridination of Imines Prepared from α-Chiral Amines. Chemistry 2012; 18:5302-13. [PMID: 22434622 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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14
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15
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Huang L, Wulff WD. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8892-5. [PMID: 21598936 DOI: 10.1021/ja203754p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - William D. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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16
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Davis FA, Zhang J, Wu Y. Total syntheses of (+)-monomorine I and (−)-indolizidine 195B from sulfinimine-derived 3-oxo pyrrolidine 2-phosphonates. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Morán-Ramallal R, Liz R, Gotor V. Enantiopure trans-3-Arylaziridine-2-carboxamides: Preparation by Bacterial Hydrolysis and Ring-Openings toward Enantiopure, Unnatural d-α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6614-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101377j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morán-Ramallal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón Liz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Arroyo Y, Meana Á, Sanz-Tejedor M, Alonso I, García Ruano J. 2-(p-Tolylsulfinyl)benzyl Halides as Efficient Precursors of Optically Pure trans-2,3-Disubstituted Aziridines. Chemistry 2010; 16:9874-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Hashimoto T, Nakatsu H, Watanabe S, Maruoka K. Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Aziridines with N-α-Diazoacyl Camphorsultam. Org Lett 2010; 12:1668-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100104v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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20
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Ritzen B, van Oers MCM, van Delft FL, Rutjes FPJT. Enantioselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of trans-aziridines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7548-51. [PMID: 19743803 DOI: 10.1021/jo901548t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, five-step procedure for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,3-disubstituted trans-aziridines has been developed starting from commercially available aldehydes. Hydroxynitrile lyase-mediated cyanohydrin formation provided cyanohydrins in excellent enantioselectivities and good yields. Subsequent formation of diastereomerically pure anti-amino alcohols via a one-pot Grignard addition-reduction sequence, Cu(II)-catalyzed diazotransfer, and triphenylphosphine-mediated reductive cyclization provided the corresponding trans-aziridines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Ritzen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Cativiela C, Ordóñez M. Recent Progress on the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Quaternary alpha-Amino Acids. TETRAHEDRON, ASYMMETRY 2009; 20:1-63. [PMID: 20300486 PMCID: PMC2839256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most recent papers describing the stereoselective synthesis of cyclic quaternary alpha-amino acids are collected in this review. The diverse synthetic approaches are classified according to the size of the ring and taking into account the bond that is formed to complete the quaternary skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos (México)
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22
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Kiss L, Mangelinckx S, Sillanpää R, Fülöp F, De Kimpe N. An Easy Stereoselective Access to β,γ-Aziridino α-Amino Ester Derivatives via Mannich Reaction of Benzophenone Imines of Glycine Esters with N-Sulfonyl α-Chloroaldimines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7199-206. [PMID: 17705431 DOI: 10.1021/jo0710634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mannich-type addition of benzophenone imine glycinates across newly synthesized N-(p-toluenesulfonyl) alpha-chloroaldimines afforded gamma-chloro-alpha,beta-diamino ester derivatives with moderate diastereoselectivity as separable mixtures of anti and syn diastereomers. The gamma-chloro-alpha,beta-diamino esters were efficiently cyclized under basic conditions to the corresponding beta,gamma-aziridino alpha-amino ester derivatives, representing a new class of conformationally constrained heterocyclic alpha,beta-diamino acid derivatives. The relative configuration of the aziridines was determined via X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanisms and intermediate transition states to explain the stereochemical outcome of the Mannich reaction with different substrates or under different conditions are proposed. The synthetic importance of the beta,gamma-aziridino alpha-amino ester derivatives is demonstrated by their conversion into the corresponding Boc-protected derivatives and ring opening reactions to alpha,beta-diamino esters and a gamma-amino alpha,beta-unsaturated amino ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Hodgson DM, Humphreys PG, Xu Z, Ward JG. Lithiation-induced migrations from nitrogen to carbon in terminal aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2245-8. [PMID: 17300125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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24
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Singh GS, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Synthesis and Reactivity ofC-Heteroatom-Substituted Aziridines. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2080-135. [PMID: 17488062 DOI: 10.1021/cr0680033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija S Singh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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25
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Denolf B, Leemans E, De Kimpe N. Asymmetric Synthesis of Aziridines by Reduction ofN-tert-Butanesulfinyl α-Chloro Imines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3211-7. [PMID: 17397222 DOI: 10.1021/jo0624795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of (RS)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl alpha-halo imines afforded chiral aziridines in good to excellent yields. Upon reduction of (RS)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl alpha-halo imines with NaBH4 in THF, in the presence of 10 equiv of MeOH, (RS,S)-beta-halo sulfinamides were formed in excellent yield (up to 98%) with very good stereoselectivity (>98:2). Simple treatment of the latter (RS,S)-beta-halo-tert-butanesulfinamides with KOH afforded the corresponding (RS,S)-N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)aziridines in quantitative yields. On the contrary, its epimer, (RS,R)-N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)aziridine was synthesized by switchover of the reducing agent from NaBH4 to LiBHEt3. (RS,R)-N-(tert-Butylsulfinyl)aziridines were synthesized in good yields (up to 85%) and diastereoselectivity (up to 92:8) by reduction of (RS)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl alpha-halo imines with LiBHEt3 in dry THF and subsequent treatment with KOH. All chiral aziridines were obtained as a single diastereomer after recrystallization (overall yield up to 91%) or after flash chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Denolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Dehydrochlorination of methyl 2-chloroaziridine 2-carboxylates generates the first examples of enantiopure 2-substituted 2H-azirine 3-carboxylates which undergo the aza Diels-Alder reaction with dienes to give bicyclic and tricyclic aziridines in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Hodgson D, Humphreys P, Xu Z, Ward J. Lithiation-Induced Migrations from Nitrogen to Carbon in Terminal Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Davis FA, Yang B, Deng J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Rao A, Fang T, Goswami R, Prasad KR, Nolt MB, Anilkumar G. Asymmetric Synthesis Using Sulfinimines (N-Sulfinyl Imines). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500590910648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A. Davis
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Yang
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianghe Deng
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yulian Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashwin Rao
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tianan Fang
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Goswami
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - M. Brad Nolt
- a Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Giubellina N, Mangelinckx S, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 2-chloro-2-imidoylaziridines via aza-Darzens-type reaction of 3,3-dichloro-1-azaallylic anions and N-(arylsulfonyl)imines. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5881-7. [PMID: 16872167 DOI: 10.1021/jo060241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3,3-Dichloro-1-azaallylic anions, generated by deprotonation of alpha,alpha-dichloroketimines 10 with lithium diisopropylamide, reacted with N-sulfonylaldimines 7 to produce the Mannich-type products N-[2,2-dichloro-3-(N-alkylimino)-1,3-diarylpropyl]benzenesulfonamides 11. The latter stable compounds were hydrolyzed at the imino functionality to afford N-[2,2-dichloro-3-oxo-1,3-diarylpropyl]benzenesulfonamides 12 in excellent yields. N-[2,2-Dichloro-3-(N-alkylimino)-1,3-diarylpropyl]benzenesulfonamides 11 were cyclized to cis-3-aryl-2-chloro-2-imidoylaziridines 19 in 81-99% yield with high diastereoselectivity, representing a novel and readily available class of stable 2-chloroaziridines. Finally, a highly stereoselective entry to 2-(aminomethyl)-2-chloroaziridines 27 (70-98% yield; de > 95-99) was worked out from the reaction of cis-3-aryl-2-chloro-2-imidoylaziridines 19 and sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of acetic acid. The latter 2-(aminomethyl)aziridines 27 represent stereochemically defined small azaheterocyclic rings which were scarcely reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giubellina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Denolf B, Mangelinckx S, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Use of α-Chlorinated N-(tert-Butanesulfinyl)imines in the Synthesis of Chiral Aziridines. Org Lett 2006; 8:3129-32. [PMID: 16805569 DOI: 10.1021/ol0611245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Reaction of chiral alpha-chloro tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines with Grignard reagents efficiently afforded beta-chloro N-sulfinamides in high diastereomeric excess. The latter compounds were cyclized toward the corresponding chiral aziridines in a high-yielding one-pot reaction or after separate treatment with base. The diastereoselectivity obtained in the newly synthesized beta-chloro sulfinamides is explained via the coordinating ability of the alpha-chloro atom with magnesium resulting in the opposite stereochemical outcome as generally observed for nonfunctionalized N-sulfinyl imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Denolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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Zhou P, Chen BC, Davis FA. Recent advances in asymmetric reactions using sulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines). Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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García Ruano JL, Alemán J, del Prado M, Fernández I. Stereoselective Addition of α-Sulfinyl Carbanions toN-p-tolylsulfinylketimines: Synthesis of Optically Pure 1,2,2‘-Trialkyl-2-aminoethanols. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4454-63. [PMID: 15202901 DOI: 10.1021/jo049666s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of lithium carbanions derived from both enantiomers of methyl (1) and ethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (2) with (S)-N-arylsulfinylketimines 3 and 4 took place in a highly stereoselective manner and good isolated yields. The configuration of the carbon bonded to nitrogen relies exclusively on the N-sulfinylimine configuration. When ethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (2) is use as nucleophile, two chiral centers are created simultaneously, where the configuration of the carbon bonded to the sulfur is mainly controlled by 2. The asymmetric induction increases with the temperature, being total at room temperature in the case of the matched pair of reactants. A non-oxidative Pummerer reaction on the obtained aminosulfoxides allows a straightforward synthesis of optically pure 1,2-ethanolamines with one or two chiral centers, including amino alcohols with a bulky quaternary carbon bonded to the amine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L García Ruano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Sekiguchi T, Sato K, Ishihara T, Konno T, Yamanaka H. Zinc-mediated Coupling Reaction of 2-Bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoate with Various Chiral Imines. Simple and Effective Access to Optically Active α-Fluoro-α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-amino Esters. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Medjahed W, Tabet Zatla A, Kajima Mulengi J, Baba Ahmed F, Merzouk H. The synthesis of N -acyl-2-hydroxymethyl aziridines of biological interest. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis of β,β-branched β-amino ester derivatives through spiroaziridination of (α-trimethylsilanylmethyl)cyclohexylidene esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Alves M, Fortes A, Gonçalves LF. Optically active aziridine esters by nucleophilic addition of nitrogen heterocycles to a chiral 2H-azirine-2-carboxylic ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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García Ruano JL, Alemán J, Soriano JF. Facile synthesis of optically pure 1,2-diaryl (and 1-Alkyl-2-aryl) ethyl and propylamines. Org Lett 2003; 5:677-80. [PMID: 12605488 DOI: 10.1021/ol027464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise high-yielding route to synthetically useful 1,2-diaryl (and 1-alkyl-2-aryl) ethyl and propylamines in high enantiomeric purity is described. The key step of this route is the completely stereoselective addition of lithium (R)-ortho-(p-toluenesulfinyl)benzylic carbanions to (S)-N-p-toluenesulfinylimines, which takes place in very high or quantitative yields. N-Desulfinylation and C-desulfinylation of the resulting adducts can be achieved with no loss of optical purity employing conventional methods (TFA and Raney-Ni, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- José L García Ruano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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