Stereocontrolled synthesis of novel 6′(α)-hydroxy carbovir analogues

Advances in the synthesis of glycosidic macrolides: clavosolides A-D and cyanolide A

Covering: 2005 to 2016Clavosolides A-D and cyanolide A are glycosidic macrolides and represent a new family of marine natural products. They possess a number of unusual structural features and have attracted considerable interest from the synthetic community. This review presents a comprehensive survey of all aspects of the clavosolides A-D and cyanolide A. Specific topics include isolation, structure determination, biological activity, and synthetic approaches.

A synergistic approach to polycyclics via a strategic utilization of Claisen rearrangement and olefin metathesis

Olefin metathesis promoted by a well-defined metal carbene complex has evolved into an efficient method for the construction of a broad range of carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings of varying size. The synthetic potential of the olefin metathesis has been further increased by combining various other C-C bond forming processes either in tandem or in sequence. Herein, application of Claisen rearrangement and olefin metathesis to prepare various intricate and/or biologically important targets has been described.

A linchpin carbacyclization approach for the synthesis of carbanucleosides

A convenient synthesis of carbanucleosides, with both enantiomers equally accessible, is reported. The key step is a tandem linchpin cyclization process to give access to substituted carbafuranose derivatives having the correct relative stereochemistry for subsequent nucleobase introduction with inversion of configuration at C1. This was illustrated by the synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxycarbathymidine via a convergent nucleobase introduction and of 2',3'-dideoxy-6'-hydroxycarbauridine via a linear nucleobase introduction. Both methods relied on Mitsunobu chemistry, and the first example of the Mukaiyama modification of the Mitsunobu reaction involving nucleobases as nucleophiles is reported.

A greener enantioselective synthesis of the antiviral agent North-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) from 2-deoxy-d-ribose

An enantioselective synthesis of suitably protected (1R,2S,4S,5S)-4-amino-1-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol, a key starting material for the synthesis of conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleosides, including the antiviral active North-methanocarba thymidine, is reported. Starting from 2-deoxyribose the target Boc-protected amine was prepared in 33% overall yield under condition that are ecologically friendlier than previous methods.

Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-dactylolide

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-dactylolide is reported. The absolute stereochemistry of the tetrahydropyran was established by catalytic asymmetric Jacobsen hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. The remote C19 stereocenter was introduced by a sequence of chelation-controlled Grignard addition and Ireland-Claisen rearrangement.

Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of novel phenyl branched cyclopropyl nucleosides

Novel phenyl branched cyclopropyl nucleoside analogues were designed and synthesized as potential antiviral agents. Cyclopropanation was performed via classical Simmons-Smith reaction using Zn(Et)2 and CH2I2. Coupling of the mesylates 11 and 12 with natural bases (A,C,T,U) and desilylation afforded a series of novel cyclopropyl nucleosides 21-28. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiviral and antitumor activity against various viruses such as HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HCMV.

A New Synthetic Route to Nucleosides: Dissymmetric Construction of a Cyclopentene System by Double [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Double Ring-Closing Metathesis

[reaction: see text] The dissymmetric synthesis of a carbocyclic nucleoside was achieved by a novel double [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/double ring-closing metathesis strategy with a high stereoselectivity.

Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3′- and 4′-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents

A series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. The construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. In addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. Bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a Grubbs' catalyst (II). Natural bases (adenine, cytosine, uracil) were efficiently coupled with the use of a Pd(0) catalyst.