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Abu-Hashem AA, Hakami O, Amri N, Mukhrish YE, Abdelgawad AAM. Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazepines and Benzo[ f][1,3,5]triazepines and Their Biological Activity: Recent Advances and New Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:632. [PMID: 38338376 PMCID: PMC10856803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the recent progress in synthesizing seven-membered ring 1,3,5-triazepine and benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives. These derivatives can be either unsaturated, saturated, fused, or separated. This review covers strategies and procedures developed over the past two decades, including cyclo-condensation, cyclization, methylation, chlorination, alkylation, addition, cross-coupling, ring expansions, and ring-closing metathesis. This review discusses the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazepine derivatives using nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions with various reagents such as o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminobenzamide, isothiocyanates, pyrazoles, thiazoles, oxadiazoles, oxadiazepines, and hydrazonoyl chloride. This article systematically presents new approaches and techniques for preparing these compounds. It also highlights the biological importance of benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives, which have been used as drugs for treating nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide researchers with the necessary information to create and develop new derivatives of these compounds as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
| | | | - Nasser Amri
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
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Rashid MA, Ashraf A, Rehman SS, Shahid SA, Mahmood A, Faruq M. 1,4-Diazepines: A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Significance. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:709-729. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190703113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:1,4-Diazepines are two nitrogen containing seven membered heterocyclic compounds and associated with a wide range of biological activities. Due to its medicinal importance, scientists are actively involved in the synthesis, reactions and biological evaluation of 1,4-diazepines since number of decades.Objective:The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the synthetic schemes and reactivity of 1,4- diazepines. This article also describes biological aspects of 1,4-diazepine derivatives, that can be usefully exploited for the pharmaceutical sector.Conclusion:This review summarizes the abundant literature on synthetic routes, chemical reactions and biological attributes of 1,4-diazepine derivatives. We concluded that 1,4-diazepines have significant importance due to their biological activities like antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. 1,4-diazepine derivatives with significant biological activities could be explored for potential use in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahibzada S. Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat A. Shahid
- Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faruq
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abu-Hashem AA, Aly AS. Chemistry of new dimethyl-benzo,-1,3,6-oxadiazepine and 1,3,5-triazepine derivatives as anticancer agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1381261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem
- Department of Photochemistry (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Aly
- Department of Photochemistry (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Synthesis of 3-oxo-1,4-diazepine-5-carboxamides and 6-(4-oxo-chromen-3-yl)-pyrazinones via sequential Ugi 4CC/Staudinger/intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization and Ugi 4CC/Staudinger/aza-Wittig reactions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Palmer JH, Parkin G. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of 1-Arylimidazole-2-thiones and N, N'-Aryldiethoxyethylthioureas with Electronically Diverse Substituents: A Manifold of Hydrogen Bonding Networks. NEW J CHEM 2014; 38:4071-4082. [PMID: 25214759 PMCID: PMC4157683 DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1-arylimidazole-2-thiones, (HmimAr) [Ar = 3,4,5-C6H2(OMe)3, 2,4-C6H3(NO2)(OMe), 2,4,6-C6H2Cl3 and 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2], which feature electronically diverse substituents, may be obtained via acid-catalyzed ring closure of the corresponding N,N'-aryldiethoxyethylthiourea derivatives, ArN(H)C(S)N(H)CH2CH(OEt)2, (H2detuAr), which in turn are obtained via treatment of aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, H2NCH2CH(OEt)2, with the respective arylisothiocyanates (ArNCS). The molecular structures of all of the above N,N'-aryldiethoxyethylthioureas and 1-arylimidazole-2-thiones have been determined by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that the substituents have a profound effect on the crystal structures. For example, each of the N,N'-aryldiethoxyethylthiourea derivatives adopts a different hydrogen bonding pattern. Specifically, the hydrogen-bonding network in (i) H2detuArCl3 consists of chains of 9-membered rings, with an [ [Formula: see text](9)] motif, that feature one N-H ⋯ O and one N-H ⋯ S interaction, (ii) H2detuArOMe,NO2 consists of chains of 6-membered rings, with an [ [Formula: see text](6)] motif, that feature two head-to-tail N-H ⋯ S interactions, (iii) H2detuAr(CF3)2 consists of a dimer that features two pairs of N-H ⋯ O interactions, of which each pair is a component of an 8-membered ring with an [ [Formula: see text](8)] motif, and (iv) H2detuAr(OMe)3 consists of a chain of head-to-head dimeric rings with a basic [ [Formula: see text](16)] motif, a notable feature of which is that sulfur does not play a role as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Each of the 1-arylimidazole-2-thiones exists as a "head-to-head" hydrogen-bonded dimer in the solid state, with an [ [Formula: see text](8)] motif. However, while the hydrogen-bonded motifs for HmimArCl3 and HmimAr(OMe)3 are planar, those for HmimAr(CF3)2 and HmimArOMe,NO2 are extremely puckered, with fold angles of 24.2° (mean value) and 45.7°, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027,
USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027,
USA
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Devi P, Gupta A, Kishore D. Application of Privileged Molecular Framework of 7-Fluoro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one-5-methylcarboxylate to the Synthesis of Its 1- and 5-Disubstituted Analogs of Medicinal Interest. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Devi
- Department of Chemistry; Banasthali University; Banasthali Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; Banasthali University; Banasthali Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry; Banasthali University; Banasthali Rajasthan 304022 India
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Majik MS, Yu JH, Jeong LS. A Straightforward Synthesis of K-7174, a GATA-Specific Inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.9.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martinelli J, Gugliotta G, Tei L. Synthesis of 6-Substituted 6-Nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepines via Novel Tandem Retro-Henry and Mannich/Michael Reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:716-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203101s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Métro TX, Duthion B, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Rearrangement of beta-amino alcohols via aziridiniums: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 39:89-102. [PMID: 20023840 DOI: 10.1039/b806985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on the rearrangement of beta-amino alcohols via aziridinium intermediates. It covers the literature from 1947 to January 2009 (55 references). The rearrangement of beta-amino alcohols can be performed by activation of the hydroxy group followed by the addition of nucleophiles (Nu). In most examples, an aziridinium intermediate is involved in the rearrangement. The ratio of amines resulting from the attack of nucleophiles at either the C-1 or C-2 position of the aziridinium intermediate, depends on the nature of the nucleophiles and the R(2) substituent. In some cases, solvent as well as temperature can influence the ratio of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI ParisTech), CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Largeron M. A one-pot chemoselective synthesis of secondary amines by using a biomimetic electrocatalytic system. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramajayam R, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Synthesis of novel substituted diaryl-1,4-diazepines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-006-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
[structure in text] The synthesis of several 4-vinylimidazoles via Stille cross-coupling reactions of the corresponding protected 4-iodoimidazoles with tributylvinylstannane is described. These heterocyclic dienes are shown to be effective partners in the Diels-Alder reaction, providing adducts in good yield and exhibiting useful levels of isomer selectivity and stereoselectivity (endo/exo).
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Rescifina A, Bkaithan M, Grassi G, Piperno A, Privitera T, Romeo G. Stereoselective synthesis of homochiral annulated sultams via intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zimmermann D, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Ehrhardt JD, Madsen U, Janin YL. Unambiguous synthesis of 1-methyl-3-hydroxypyrazoles. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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