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Meng X, Dong H, Pan Y, Ma L, Liu C, Man S, Gao W. Diosgenyl Saponin Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways in Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11428-11435. [PMID: 31589037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin and diosgenyl saponins as the major bioactive compounds isolated from dietary fenugreek seeds, yam roots, etc. possessed strong antitumor effects. To understand their detailed antitumor mechanisms, a fluorophore-appended derivative of diosgenin [Glc/CNHphth-diosgenin (GND)] was synthesized, starting from diosgenin and glucosamine hydrochloride in overall yields of 7-12% over 7-10 steps. Co-localization of GND with organelle-specific stains, transmission electron microscopy, and relative protein analyses demonstrated that GND crossed the plasma membrane through organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 and distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosome, and mitochondria. In this process, GND induced ER swelling, mitochondrial damage, and autophagosome and upregulating IRE-1α to induce autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine delayed the appearance of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and inhibited cleaved caspase 8, which indicated that GND induced autophagy to activate caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. These observations suggested that diosgenyl saponin was a potent anticancer agent that elicited ER stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics , Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , Tianjin 300193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , People's Republic of China
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2
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Agoston K, Hederos MJ, Bajza I, Dekany G. Kilogram scale chemical synthesis of 2′-fucosyllactose. Carbohydr Res 2019; 476:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Biotechnological production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides: Prokaryotic fucosyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades or whole cell conversion systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:61-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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4
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Extracellular Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites metabolize and incorporate unnatural sugars into cellular proteins. Microbes Infect 2015; 18:199-210. [PMID: 26687036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects all nucleated cell types in diverse warm-blooded organisms. Many of the surface antigens and effector molecules secreted by the parasite during invasion and intracellular growth are modified by glycans. Glycosylated proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm have also been reported. Despite their prevalence, the complete inventory and biological significance of glycosylated proteins in Toxoplasma remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to globally profile parasite glycoproteins using a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy. This strategy involves the metabolic incorporation of unnatural functional groups (i.e., "chemical reporters") into Toxoplasma glycans, followed by covalent labeling with visual probes or affinity tags. The two-step approach enables the visualization and identification of newly biosynthesized glycoconjugates in the parasite. Using a buffer that mimics intracellular conditions, extracellular Toxoplasma tachyzoites were found to metabolize and incorporate unnatural sugars (equipped with bioorthogonal functional groups) into diverse proteins. Covalent chemistries were used to visualize and retrieve these labeled structures. Subsequent mass spectrometry analysis revealed 89 unique proteins. This survey identified novel proteins as well as previously characterized proteins from lectin affinity analyses.
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5
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Arihara R, Kakita K, Suzuki N, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Glycosylation with 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglycosyl Donors at a Low Temperature: Scope of the Non-Oxazoline Method. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4259-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kakita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Tu Z, Liu PK, Wu MC, Lin CH. Expeditious Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Saccharides through Consecutive Protection/Glycosylation Steps. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Zhai Y, Han D, Pan Y, Wang S, Fang J, Wang P, Liu XW. Enhancing GDP-fucose production in recombinant Escherichia coli by metabolic pathway engineering. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 69:38-45. [PMID: 25640723 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-fucose is the indispensible donor substrate for fucosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of fucose-containing biomolecules, which have been found involving in various biological functions. In this work, the salvage pathway for GDP-fucose biosynthesis from Bacterioides fragilis was introduced into Escherichia coli. Besides, the biosynthesis of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), an essential substrate for GDP-fucose biosynthesis, was enhanced via overexpression of enzymes involved in the salvage pathway of GTP biosynthesis. The production capacities of metabolically engineered strains bearing different combinations of recombinant enzymes were compared. The shake flask fermentation of the strain expressing Fkp, Gpt, Gmk and Ndk obtained the maximum GDP-fucose content of 4.6 ± 0.22 μmol/g (dry cell mass), which is 4.2 fold that of the strain only expressing Fkp. Through fed-batch fermentation, the GDP-fucose content further rose to 6.6 ± 0.14 μmol/g (dry cell mass). In addition to a better productivity than previous fermentation processes based on the de novo pathway for GDP-fucose biosynthesis, the established schemes in this work also have the advantage to be a potential avenue to GDP-fucose analogs encompassing chemical modification on the fucose residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Synthesis and cytotoxic effect of pseudodiosgenyl saponins with thio-ring F. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Tu Z, Hsieh HW, Tsai CM, Hsu CW, Wang SG, Wu KJ, Lin KI, Lin CH. Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Gal-β-1,3/4-GlcNAc Disaccharides through Consecutive Protection/Glycosylation Steps. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1536-50. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Synthesis of fucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine disaccharides by transfucosylation using α-L-fucosidases from Lactobacillus casei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3847-50. [PMID: 23542622 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00229-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AlfB and AlfC α-l-fucosidases from Lactobacillus casei were used in transglycosylation reactions, and they showed high efficiency in synthesizing fucosyldisaccharides. AlfB and AlfC activities exclusively produced fucosyl-α-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine and fucosyl-α-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. The reaction kinetics showed that AlfB can convert 23% p-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside into fucosyl-α-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine and AlfC at up to 56% into fucosyl-α-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine.
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11
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Han NS, Kim TJ, Park YC, Kim J, Seo JH. Biotechnological production of human milk oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1268-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Moore CJ, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of 4" manipulated Lewis X trisaccharide analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1134-43. [PMID: 23019441 PMCID: PMC3458731 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three analogues of the Lex trisaccharide antigen (β-D-Galp(1→4)[α-L-Fucp(1→3)]-D-GlcNAcp) in which the galactosyl residue is modified at O-4 as a methyloxy, deoxychloro or deoxyfluoro, were synthesized. We first report the preparation of the modified 4-OMe, 4-Cl and 4-F trichloroacetimidate galactosyl donors and then report their use in the glycosylation of an N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptor. Thus, we observed that the reactivity of these donors towards the BF3·OEt2-promoted glycosylation at O-4 of the N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptors followed the ranking 4-F > 4-OAc ≈ 4-OMe > 4-Cl. The resulting disaccharides were deprotected at O-3 of the glucosamine residue and fucosylated, giving access to the desired protected Lex analogues. One-step global deprotection (Na/NH3) of the protected 4”-methoxy analogue, and two-step deprotections (removal of a p-methoxybenzyl with DDQ, then Zemplén deacylation) of the 4”-deoxychloro and 4”-deoxyfluoro protected Lex analogues gave the desired compounds in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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14
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Wang P, Wang J, Guo T, Li Y. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of the N-acetylglucosamine-bearing triterpenoid saponins. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:607-20. [PMID: 20116049 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen ursolic acid and oleanolic acid saponins with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, and (1-->4)-linked and (1-->6)-linked N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine oligosaccharide residues were synthesized in a convergent manner. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry, and their cytotoxic activities were assayed in three cancer cell lines. Only oleanolic acid-3-yl beta-D-GluNAc showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 and BGC-823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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15
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Wang A, Hendel J, Auzanneau FI. Convergent syntheses of Le analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:17. [PMID: 20485599 PMCID: PMC2870943 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three Lex derivatives from one common protected trisaccharide is reported. These analogues will be used respectively for competitive binding experiments, conjugation to carrier proteins and immobilization on gold. An N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide acceptor was first glycosylated at O-4 with a galactosyl imidate. This coupling was performed at 40 °C under excess of BF3·OEt2 activation and proceeded best if the acceptor carried a 6-chlorohexyl rather than a 6-azidohexyl aglycon. The 6-chlorohexyl disaccharide was then converted to an acceptor and submitted to fucosylation yielding the corresponding protected 6-chlorohexyl Lex trisaccharide. This protected trisaccharide was used as a precursor to the 6-azidohexyl, 6-acetylthiohexyl and 6-benzylthiohexyl trisaccharide analogues which were obtained in excellent yields (70–95%). In turn, we describe the deprotection of these intermediates in one single step using dissolving metal conditions. Under these conditions, the 6-chlorohexyl and 6-azidohexyl intermediates led respectively to the n-hexyl and 6-aminohexyl trisaccharide targets. Unexpectedly, the 6-acetylthiohexyl analogue underwent desulfurization and gave the n-hexyl glycoside product, whereas the 6-benzylthiohexyl analogue gave the desired disulfide trisaccharide dimer. This study constitutes a particularly efficient and convergent preparation of these three Lex analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Lee WH, Han NS, Park YC, Seo JH. Modulation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-D-mannose metabolism in recombinant Escherichia coli for production of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-L-fucose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6143-6148. [PMID: 19692232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-L-fucose, an activated form of a nucleotide sugar, plays an important role in a wide range of biological functions. In this study, the enhancement of GDP-L-fucose production was attempted by supplementation of mannose, which is a potentially better carbon source to be converted into GDP-L-fucose than glucose, and combinatorial overexpression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of GDP-D-mannose, a precursor of GDP-L-fucose. Supply of a mannose and glucose led to a 1.3-fold-increase in GDP-L-fucose concentration (52.5+/-0.8 mg l(-1)) in a fed-batch fermentation of recombinant E. coli BL21star(DE3) overexpressing the gmd and wcaG genes, compared with the case using glucose as a sole carbon source. A maximum GDP-L-fucose concentration of 170.3+/-2.3 mg l(-1), corresponding to a 4.4-fold enhancement compared with the control strain overexpressing gmd and wcaG genes only, was achieved in a glucose-limited fed-batch fermentation of a recombinant E. coli BL21star(DE3) strain overexpressing manB, manC, gmd and wcaG genes. Further improvement of GDP-L-fucose production was not obtained by additional overexpression of the manA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Heong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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17
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Witte MD, Horst D, Wiertz EJHJ, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a chitobiose-based peptide N-glycanase inhibitor library. J Org Chem 2009; 74:605-16. [PMID: 19072094 DOI: 10.1021/jo801906s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide N-glycanase (PNGase), the enzyme responsible for the deglycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins, has an active site related to that of cysteine proteases. Chitiobiose was equipped with electrophilic traps often used in cysteine protease inhibitors, and the resulting compounds were evaluated as PNGase inhibitors. We found that the electrophilic trap of the inhibitor has a great influence on the potency of the compounds with the chloromethyl ketone inhibitor being the first potent C-glycoside-based PNGase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Witte
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Dumon C, Samain E, Priem B. Assessment of the Two Helicobacter pylori α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase Ortholog Genes for the Large-Scale Synthesis of LewisX Human Milk Oligosaccharides by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 20:412-9. [PMID: 15058985 DOI: 10.1021/bp0342194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously described a bacterial fermentation process for the in vivo conversion of lactose into fucosylated derivatives of lacto-N-neotetraose Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (LNnT). The major product obtained was lacto-N-neofucopentaose-V Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc, carrying fucose on the glucosyl residue of LNnT. Only a small amount of oligosaccharides fucosylated on N-acetylglucosaminyl residues and thus carrying the LewisX group (Le(X)) was also produced. We report here a fermentation process for the large-scale production of Le(X) oligosaccharides. The two fucosyltransferase genes futA and futB of Helicobacter pylori (strain 26695) were compared in order to optimize fucosylation in vivo. futA was found to provide the best activity on the LNnT acceptor, whereas futB expressed a better Le(X) activity in vitro. Both genes were expressed to produce oligosaccharides in engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. The fucosylation pattern of the recombinant oligosaccharides was closely correlated with the specificity observed in vitro, FutB favoring the formation of Le(X) carrying oligosaccharides. Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose-II Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc represented 70% of the total oligosaccharide amount of futA-on-driven fermentation and was produced at a concentration of 1.7 g/L. Fermentation driven by futB led to equal amounts of both lacto-N-neofucopentaose-V and lacto-N-neofucopentaose-II Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc, produced at 280 and 260 mg/L, respectively. Unexpectedly, a noticeable proportion (0.5 g/L) of the human milk oligosaccharide 3-fucosyllactose Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc was produced in futA-on-driven fermentation, underlining the activity of fucosyltransferase FutA in E. coli and leading to a reassessment of its activity on lactose. All oligosaccharides produced by the products of both fut genes were natural compounds of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dumon
- CERMAV-CNRS, 601 Rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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19
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He XZ, Li WS, Blount JW, Dixon RA. Regioselective synthesis of plant (iso)flavone glycosides in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:253-60. [PMID: 18568307 PMCID: PMC2491422 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids genistein, biochanin A, luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol are plant natural products with potentially useful pharmacological and nutraceutical activities. These natural products usually exist in plants as glycosides, and their glycosylation has a remarkable influence on their pharmacokinetic properties. The glycosyltransferases UGT71G1 and UGT73C8 from Medicago truncatula are excellent reagents for the regioselective glycosylation of (iso)flavonoids in Escherichia coli grown in Terrific broth. Ten to 20 mg/L of either genistein or biochanin A 7-O-glucoside was produced after feeding genistein or biochanin A to E. coli expressing UGT71G1, and similar levels of luteolin 4'-O- and 7-O-glucosides were produced after feeding luteolin to cultures expressing UGT73C8. For the production of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside or quercetin 3-O-glucoside, the Phe148Val or Tyr202Ala mutants of UGT71G1 were employed. Ten to 16 mg/L of either kaempferol 3-O- or quercetin 3-O-glucosides were produced on feeding kaempferol or quercetin to E. coli expressing these enzymes. More than 90% of the glucoside products were released to the medium, facilitating their isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi He
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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20
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Cao H, Huang S, Cheng J, Li Y, Muthana S, Son B, Chen X. Chemical preparation of sialyl Lewis x using an enzymatically synthesized sialoside building block. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2863-9. [PMID: 18639240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The sialyl Lewis x tetrasaccharide with a propylamine aglycon was assembled by chemoselective glycosylation from a p-tolyl thioglycosyl donor obtained from an enzymatically synthesized sialodisaccharide. Combining the advantages of highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of sialoside building blocks, and diverse chemical glycosylation, this chemoenzymatic approach is practical for obtaining complex sialosides and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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21
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Asnani A, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of Lewis X and three Lewis X trisaccharide analogues in which glucose and rhamnose replace N-acetylglucosamine and fucose, respectively. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1653-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Byun SG, Kim MD, Lee WH, Lee KJ, Han NS, Seo JH. Production of GDP-L-fucose, L-fucose donor for fucosyloligosaccharide synthesis, in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:768-75. [PMID: 17111133 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2006] [Revised: 10/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant Escherichia coli strain was developed to produce guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-L-fucose, donor of L-fucose, which is an essential substrate for the synthesis of fucosyloligosaccharides. GDP-D: -mannose-4, 6-dehydratase (GMD) and GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose 3, 5-epimerase 4-reductase (WcaG), the two crucial enzymes for the de novo GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, were overexpressed in recombinant E. coli by constructing inducible overexpression vectors. Optimum expression conditions for GMD and WcaG in recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) were 25 degrees C and 0.1 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside. Maximum GDP-L-fucose concentration of 38.9 +/- 0.6 mg l(-1) was obtained in a glucose-limited fed-batch cultivation, and it was enhanced further by co-expression of NADPH-regenerating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase encoded by the zwf gene to achieve 55.2 +/- 0.5 mg l(-1) GDP-L-fucose under the same cultivation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Goo Byun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Yan MC, Liu Y, Chen H, Ke Y, Xu QC, Cheng MS. Synthesis and antitumor activity of two natural N-acetylglucosamine-bearing triterpenoid saponins: Lotoidoside D and E. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4200-4. [PMID: 16765595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two natural triterpenoid saponins bearing N-acetylglucosamine, lotoidoside D and lotoidoside E, which had been available only from Glinus lotoides growing in Egyptian desert, were facilely synthesized from readily available oleanolic acid. Preliminary pharmacological research showed their antitumor activity against HeLa cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cai Yan
- Key Lab of New Drugs Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, PR China
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24
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Li CX, Guo TT, Wang P, Guan HS, Li YX. Semi-synthesis of Several Stigmasterol Saponins. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Arihara R, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-?-D-glycopyranosides by Using the Phosphite Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2245-9. [PMID: 15747388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Arihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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26
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Arihara R, Nakamura S, Hashimoto S. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-?-D-glycopyranosides by Using the Phosphite Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Regioisomers in Vorbrüggen's guanine nucleoside synthesis; N9 selectivity with a glucosamine derivative and 2-N-acetyl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoylguanine. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Sun J, Han X, Yu B. Synthesis of a typical N-acetylglucosamine-containing saponin, oleanolic acid 3-yl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:827-33. [PMID: 12681906 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid 3-yl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, a cytotoxic saponin isolated from Acacia tenuifolia and Albizia subdimidiata with a typical structure of the N-acetylglucosamine-containing plant saponins, was synthesized. The synthesis adopted a stepwise glycosylation fashion employing glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates 5 and 9 and thioglycoside 12 as donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalyst, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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29
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Stütz AE, Dekany G, Eder B, Illaszewicz C, Wrodnigg TM. An Exceptionally Simple Chemical Synthesis ofO‐Glycosylatedd‐Glucosamine Derivatives by Heyns Rearrangement of the CorrespondingO‐Glycosyl Fructoses. J Carbohydr Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120023468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Abstract
A synthesis of an antagonist of E-selectin previously reported by a group at Novartis Pharma in Basel is described. An important feature involves the formation of an ether linkage based on a Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction. Stereocontrolled glycosylations rely on the anomeric activation of 2-pyridylthio carbonate as leaving group for the attachment of beta-D-galactopyranosyl and alpha-L-fucopyranosyl units on a common 1,5-anhydro D-glucitol scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada.
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31
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Abstract
Rapid advances in the cloning and expression of glycosyltransferase genes, especially from bacteria, could open the way to overcoming difficulties in the mass production of oligosaccharides. The large-scale production of oligosaccharides using either glycosyltransferases isolated from engineered microorganisms or whole cells as an enzyme source could promote a new era in the field of carbohydrate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Endo
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, 194-8533, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Wrodnigg TM, Stütz AE. Die Heyns-Umlagerung in neuem Licht: außergewöhnlich einfache Synthese vonD-Lactosamin aus Lactulose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990315)111:6<854::aid-ange854>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Sarkar SK, Choudhury AK, Mukhopadhyay B, Roy N. An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of A 1,6-Anhydro-α-D-Galactofuranose Derivative and its Application in the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. J Carbohydr Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309908544059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Kretzschmar G, Toepfer A, Sonnentag M. Short synthesis of sulfatide- and SQDG-mimetics as small molecular weight selectin inhibitors. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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