1
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Hsu TW, Fang JM. Advances and prospects of analytic methods for bacterial transglycosylation and inhibitor discovery. Analyst 2024; 149:2204-2222. [PMID: 38517346 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall is essential for bacteria to maintain structural rigidity and withstand external osmotic pressure. In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Lipid II is the basic unit for constructing highly cross-linked peptidoglycan scaffolds. Transglycosylase (TGase) is the initiating enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis that catalyzes the ligation of lipid II moieties into repeating GlcNAc-MurNAc polysaccharides, followed by transpeptidation to generate cross-linked structures. In addition to the transglycosylases in the class-A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs), SEDS (shape, elongation, division and sporulation) proteins are also present in most bacteria and play vital roles in cell wall renewal, elongation, and division. In this review, we focus on the latest analytical methods including the use of radioactive labeling, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fluorescence labeling, probing undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, fluorescence anisotropy, ligand-binding-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and surface plasmon resonance to evaluate TGase activity in cell wall formation. This review also covers the discovery of TGase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. We hope that this review will give readers a better understanding of the chemistry and basic research for the development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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2
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Tang Y, Yang G, Ma Y, Huang D, Zhai W, Fodjo EK, Zhang X, Li S, Zhang W, Shi Y, Kong C. Development, validation, and implementation of an ultratrace analysis method for the determination of moenomycin A, in aquatic animal products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:745-757. [PMID: 37812219 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Moenomycin A, an antimicrobial growth promoter widely used as an additive in aquaculture feedstuffs, has been restricted for use in the European Union and China due to its potential risk of promoting resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and causing residues in aquatic animal products. Although methods for analyzing moenomycin A in feedstuffs have been developed, no established method exists for aquatic matrices. In this study, we present, for the first time, a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of moenomycin A in aquatic animal products. Samples were extracted using methanol and purified with the QuEChERS method employing C18 sorbent. The aliquot was dried under a nitrogen stream, reconstituted with methanol-water solvent, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The developed method exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.995) over a wide concentration range (1-100 μg/L) and a low limit of detection (1 µg/kg). Average recoveries ranged between 70 and 110% at spiked concentrations of 1, 50, and 100 μg/kg, with associated intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of 1.25 to 7.32% (n = 6) and 2.91 to 10.08% (n = 3), for different representative aquatic animal production, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of moenomycin A in aquatic animal products. The new approach was effectively employed in the analysis of moenomycin A across various aquatic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqing Ma
- Shanghai Center of Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Xinfu Middle Road 1528, No.28, Shanghai, 201708, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenlei Zhai
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Essy Kouadio Fodjo
- Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter, UFR SSMT, Université Felix Houphouet Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Xuan Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Siman Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Center of Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Xinfu Middle Road 1528, No.28, Shanghai, 201708, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongfu Shi
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Kong
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Park Y, Taguchi A, Baidin V, Kahne D, Walker S. A Time-Resolved FRET Assay Identifies a Small Molecule that Inhibits the Essential Bacterial Cell Wall Polymerase FtsW. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301522. [PMID: 37099323 PMCID: PMC10330507 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for bacterial survival. To form the cell wall, peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs) polymerize Lipid II to make glycan strands and then those strands are crosslinked by transpeptidases (TPs). Recently, the SEDS (for shape, elongation, division, and sporulation) proteins were identified as a new class of PGTs. The SEDS protein FtsW, which produces septal peptidoglycan during cell division, is an attractive target for novel antibiotics because it is essential in virtually all bacteria. Here, we developed a time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay to monitor PGT activity and screened a Staphylococcus aureus lethal compound library for FtsW inhibitors. We identified a compound that inhibits S. aureus FtsW in vitro. Using a non-polymerizable Lipid II derivative, we showed that this compound competes with Lipid II for binding to FtsW. The assays described here will be useful for discovering and characterizing other PGT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseon Park
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Atsushi Taguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- (Current location) SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Vadim Baidin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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4
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Roller RF, Malik A, Carillo MA, Garg M, Rella A, Raulf M, Lepenies B, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Semisynthesis of Functional Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐Anchored Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée F. Roller
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ankita Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria A. Carillo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Monika Garg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Antonella Rella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marie‐Kristin Raulf
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Bünteweg 17 30559 Hannover Germany
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for infection Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Bünteweg 17 30559 Hannover Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Bünteweg 17 30559 Hannover Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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5
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Roller RF, Malik A, Carillo MA, Garg M, Rella A, Raulf MK, Lepenies B, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Semisynthesis of Functional Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12035-12040. [PMID: 32307806 PMCID: PMC7383966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glypiation is a common posttranslational modification of eukaryotic proteins involving the attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid. GPIs contain a conserved phosphoglycan that is modified in a cell‐ and tissue‐specific manner. GPI complexity suggests roles in biological processes and effects on the attached protein, but the difficulties to get homogeneous material have hindered studies. We disclose a one‐pot intein‐mediated ligation (OPL) to obtain GPI‐anchored proteins. The strategy enables the glypiation of folded and denatured proteins with a natural linkage to the glycolipid. Using the strategy, glypiated eGFP, Thy1, and the Plasmodium berghei protein MSP119 were prepared. Glypiation did not alter the structure of eGFP and MSP119 proteins in solution, but it induced a strong pro‐inflammatory response in vitro. The strategy provides access to glypiated proteins to elucidate the activity of this modification and for use as vaccine candidates against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée F Roller
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankita Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria A Carillo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monika Garg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonella Rella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Kristin Raulf
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Parasitology, Center for infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Chen X, Wong CH, Ma C. Targeting the Bacterial Transglycosylase: Antibiotic Development from a Structural Perspective. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1493-1504. [PMID: 31283163 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major threats to human life nowadays is widespread antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections by targeting their essential pathways, such as the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. Bacterial transglycosylase, particularly glycosyltransferase family 51 (GT51), is one critical player in the cell wall biosynthesis and has long been known as a promising yet challenging target for antibiotic development. Here, we review the structural studies of this protein and summarize recent progress in developing its specific inhibitors, including synthetic substrate analogs and novel compounds identified from high-throughput screens. A detailed analysis of the protein-ligand interface has also provided us with valuable insights into the future antibiotic development against the bacterial transglycosylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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7
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Hu Z, Bongat White AF, Mulard LA. Efficient Iterative Synthesis of O-Acetylated Tri- to Pentadecasaccharides Related to the Lipopolysaccharide ofShigella flexneriType 3 a through Di- and Trisaccharide Glycosyl Donors. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:419-439. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Hu
- Chemistry of Biomolecules; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
- CNRS UMR 3523; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75015 Paris France
| | - Aileen F. Bongat White
- Chemistry of Biomolecules; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
- CNRS UMR 3523; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75015 Paris France
- Dextra Laboratories Ltd.; Science and Technology Centre; Earley Gate Reading RG6 6BZ U. K
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Chemistry of Biomolecules; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
- CNRS UMR 3523; Institut Pasteur; 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75015 Paris France
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8
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Boutet J, Blasco P, Guerreiro C, Thouron F, Dartevelle S, Nato F, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Phalipon A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Mulard LA. Detailed Investigation of the Immunodominant Role of O-Antigen Stoichiometric O-Acetylation as Revealed by Chemical Synthesis, Immunochemistry, Solution Conformation and STD-NMR Spectroscopy for Shigella flexneri 3a. Chemistry 2016; 22:10892-911. [PMID: 27376496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri 3a causes bacillary dysentery. Its O-antigen has the {2)-[α-d-Glcp-(1→3)]-α-l-Rhap-(1→2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→3)-[Ac→2]-α-l-Rhap-(1→3)-[Ac→6]≈40 % -β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→} ([(E)ABAc CAc D]) repeating unit, and the non-O-acetylated equivalent defines S. flexneri X. Propyl hepta-, octa-, and decasaccharides sharing the (E')A'BAc CD(E)A sequence, and their non-O-acetylated analogues were synthesized from a fully protected BAc CD(E)A allyl glycoside. The stepwise introduction of orthogonally protected mono- and disaccharide imidate donors was followed by a two-step deprotection process. Monoclonal antibody binding to twenty-six S. flexneri types 3a and X di- to decasaccharides was studied by an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and STD-NMR spectroscopy. Epitope mapping revealed that the 2C -acetate dominated the recognition by monoclonal IgG and IgM antibodies and that the BAc CD segment was essential for binding. The glucosyl side chain contributed to a lesser extent, albeit increasingly with the chain length. Moreover, tr-NOESY analysis also showed interaction but did not reveal any meaningful conformational change upon antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boutet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Present address for J.B.: Adisseo (France), Present address for P.B., Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Present address for J.B.: Adisseo (France), Present address for P.B., Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Guerreiro
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Thouron
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dartevelle
- Institut Pasteur, PF5, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Farida Nato
- Institut Pasteur, PF5, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Recognition & Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Armelle Phalipon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Molecular Recognition & Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Lopez de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France. .,CNRS UMR 3523, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
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9
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Carbohydrate scaffolds as glycosyltransferase inhibitors with in vivo antibacterial activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7719. [PMID: 26194781 PMCID: PMC4530474 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is a global healthcare crisis, and new antibiotics are urgently required, especially those with modes of action that have low-resistance potential. One promising lead is the liposaccharide antibiotic moenomycin that inhibits bacterial glycosyltransferases, which are essential for peptidoglycan polymerization, while displaying a low rate of resistance. Unfortunately, the lipophilicity of moenomycin leads to unfavourable pharmacokinetic properties that render it unsuitable for systemic administration. In this study, we show that using moenomycin and other glycosyltransferase inhibitors as templates, we were able to synthesize compound libraries based on novel pyranose scaffold chemistry, with moenomycin-like activity, but with improved drug-like properties. The novel compounds exhibit in vitro inhibition comparable to moenomycin, with low toxicity and good efficacy in several in vivo models of infection. This approach based on non-planar carbohydrate scaffolds provides a new opportunity to develop new antibiotics with low propensity for resistance induction.
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10
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Galley NF, O'Reilly AM, Roper DI. Prospects for novel inhibitors of peptidoglycan transglycosylases. Bioorg Chem 2014; 55:16-26. [PMID: 24924926 PMCID: PMC4126109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examine key aspects of transglycosylase inhibitor design. Low to high throughput assays suitable for transglycosylase drug discovery. Existing chemical start points for transglycosylase active site targeting.
The lack of novel antimicrobial drugs under development coupled with the increasing occurrence of resistance to existing antibiotics by community and hospital acquired infections is of grave concern. The targeting of biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan component of the bacterial cell wall has proven to be clinically valuable but relatively little therapeutic development has been directed towards the transglycosylase step of this process. Advances towards the isolation of new antimicrobials that target transglycosylase activity will rely on the development of the enzymological tools required to identify and characterise novel inhibitors of these enzymes. Therefore, in this article, we review the assay methods developed for transglycosylases and review recent novel chemical inhibitors discovered in relation to both the lipidic substrates and natural product inhibitors of the transglycosylase step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola F Galley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amy M O'Reilly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David I Roper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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11
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Ostash B, Walker S. Moenomycin family antibiotics: chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1594-617. [PMID: 20730219 PMCID: PMC2987538 DOI: 10.1039/c001461n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The review (with 214 references cited) is devoted to moenomycins, the only known group of antibiotics that directly inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan glycosytransferases. Naturally occurring moenomycins and chemical and biological approaches to their derivatives are described. The biological properties of moenomycins and plausible mechanisms of bacterial resistance to them are also covered here, portraying a complete picture of the chemistry and biology of these fascinating natural products
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Armenise Bldg. 2, Rm 630, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Offant J, Terrak M, Derouaux A, Breukink E, Nguyen-Distèche M, Zapun A, Vernet T. Optimization of conditions for the glycosyltransferase activity of penicillin-binding protein 1a from Thermotoga maritima. FEBS J 2010; 277:4290-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Vibert A, Lopin-Bon C, Jacquinet JC. Efficient alternative for the reduction of N-trichloroacetyl groups in synthetic chondroitin oligosaccharide intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Ostash B, Doud EH, Lin C, Ostash I, Perlstein DL, Fuse S, Wolpert M, Kahne D, Walker S. Complete characterization of the seventeen step moenomycin biosynthetic pathway. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8830-41. [PMID: 19640006 DOI: 10.1021/bi901018q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The moenomycins are phosphoglycolipid antibiotics produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis and related organisms. The phosphoglycolipids are the only known active site inhibitors of the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases, an important family of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Although these natural products have exceptionally potent antibiotic activity, pharmacokinetic limitations have precluded their clinical use. We previously identified the moenomycin biosynthetic gene cluster in order to facilitate biosynthetic approaches to new derivatives. Here, we report a comprehensive set of genetic and enzymatic experiments that establish functions for the 17 moenomycin biosynthetic genes involved in the synthesis of moenomycin and variants. These studies reveal the order of assembly of the full molecular scaffold and define a subset of seven genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive analogues. This work will enable both in vitro and fermentation-based reconstitution of phosphoglycolipid scaffolds so that chemoenzymatic approaches to novel analogues can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Yang M, Zhou L, Zuo Z, Tang X, Liu J, Ma X. Structure-based virtual screening for glycosyltransferase51. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020802301904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- b Centre for Biomedical & Life Sciences , Singapore Polytechnic , Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- c College of Computer Science , Southeast University for Nationalities , Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Sichuan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lovering AL, De Castro L, Strynadka NCJ. Identification of dynamic structural motifs involved in peptidoglycan glycosyltransfer. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:167-77. [PMID: 18760285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the structure of a new form of the bifunctional peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (GT)/transpeptidase penicillin-binding protein 2 from the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We observe several previously unstructured regions of the GT substrate-binding pockets, including a pi-bulge in the outer helix that may be responsible for the conformational flexibility of active-site motifs required for transfer of product to the donor binding site during processive rounds of peptidoglycan polymerization. The identification of a beta-hairpin in the usually unstructured region of the fold shares local structural homology to that of an exomuramidase, heightening comparisons between this biosynthetic enzyme and lytic peptidoglycan transglycosylases. This new form also shows remarkable interdomain flexibility, causing the linker region of the fold to project into the GT active site. This self-interaction may have significant consequences for the regulation of polymerization activity. The derived information is used to build a catalytic model of both donor and acceptor glycolipid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Lovering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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17
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Yuan Y, Fuse S, Ostash B, Sliz P, Kahne D, Walker S. Structural analysis of the contacts anchoring moenomycin to peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases and implications for antibiotic design. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:429-36. [PMID: 18642800 DOI: 10.1021/cb800078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs), enzymes that catalyze the formation of the glycan chains of the bacterial cell wall, have tremendous potential as antibiotic targets. The moenomycins, a potent family of natural product antibiotics, are the only known active site inhibitors of the PGTs and serve as blueprints for the structure-based design of new antibacterials. A 2.8 A structure of a Staphylococcus aureus PGT with moenomycin A bound in the active site appeared recently, potentially providing insight into substrate binding; however, the protein-ligand contacts were not analyzed in detail and the implications of the structure for inhibitor design were not addressed. We report here the 2.3 A structure of a complex of neryl-moenomycin A bound to the PGT domain of Aquifex aeolicus PBP1A. The structure allows us to examine protein-ligand contacts in detail and implies that six conserved active site residues contact the centrally located F-ring phosphoglycerate portion of neryl-moenomycin A. A mutational analysis shows that all six residues play important roles in enzymatic activity. We suggest that small scaffolds that maintain these key contacts will serve as effective PGT inhibitors. To test this hypothesis, we have prepared, via heterologous expression of a subset of moenomycin biosynthetic genes, a novel moenomycin intermediate that maintains these six contacts but does not contain the putative minimal pharmacophore. This compound has comparable biological activity to the previously proposed minimal pharmacophore. The results reported here may facilitate the design of antibiotics targeted against peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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18
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Hanashima S, Seeberger P. Total Synthesis of Sialylated Glycans Related to Avian and Human Influenza Virus Infection. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1447-59. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Wozniak LA, Góra M, Stec WJ. Chemoselective Activation of Nucleoside 3‘-O-Methylphosphonothioates with 1,3,5-Triazinyl Morpholinium Salts. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8584-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7014906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna A. Wozniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Góra
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Stec
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland, and Medical University of Lodz, Department of Structural Biology, 7/9 Zeligowskiego Str., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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20
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Welzel P. A long research story culminates in the first total synthesis of moenomycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4825-9. [PMID: 17549780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Welzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Peptides and oligonucleotides are prepared by automated synthesizers that can be operated by non-specialists. Carbohydrates have been hard to assemble, but the increasing awareness of the biological importance of this class of complex repeating biopolymers has prompted efforts to accelerate their synthesis. This tutorial review defines the state of the art of automated solid phase oligosaccharide synthesis and identifies areas in need of further innovation. Application of the automated synthesis method to prepare a malaria vaccine candidate is briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Seeberger
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, HCI F 315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Zuegg J, Meutermans W. Crystal structures of the PBP2 glycosyltransferase domain: new opportunities for antibacterial drug design. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1403-4. [PMID: 17654632 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zuegg
- Alchemia Ltd, 3 Hi-Tech Court, Eight Mile Plains, QLD, 4113, Australia.
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23
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24
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Zehl M, Pittenauer E, Rizzi A, Allmaier G. Characterization of moenomycin antibiotic complex by multistage MALDI-IT/RTOF-MS and ESI-IT-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1081-1090. [PMID: 16731001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavomycin is a commercially available antimicrobial growth promoter and an authorized additive for feeding stuffs in the EU and in the USA. As most antibiotically active products biosynthesized by microorganisms, it contains not only a single active compound but is a complex mixture of structurally closely related substances. Multistage matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-ion trap/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-IT/RTOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-MS) were utilized for a detailed analysis of the constituents of the Flavomycin complex based on low-energy collision induced dissociation (CID). An optimal sample preparation for negative ion vacuum MALDI-MS for this compound class was developed. The MALDI-IT/RTOF-MS2 and -MS3 analysis starting with the precursor [M - H]- ions of these interesting phosphoglycolipids, named moenomycins, yielded a large variety of product ions that facilitated the structural characterization of this class of compounds. Based on the derived CID fragmentation pathway of the five known major constituents, namely moenomycin A, moenomycin A12, moenomycin C4, moenomycin C3. and moenomycin C1, four not yet described moenomycin-type constituents could be characterized. They were assigned as 4F-demethyl-6E-O-de-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-moenomycin A, 6B-N-de(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-moenomycin A, 6B-hydroxy-6B-de[N-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino]-moenomycin A, and 6C-hydroxy-moenomycin A. In addition, a moenomycin A carrying an oxygen in the moenocinol-group was found, which is most probably a chemical degradation product. These new compounds were verified by LC-ESI-IT-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zehl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Rizzi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Halliday J, McKeveney D, Muldoon C, Rajaratnam P, Meutermans W. Targeting the forgotten transglycosylases. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:957-67. [PMID: 16298347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forty years ago, moenomycin was reported as a representative of a novel natural product class with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms. Moenomycin was developed as an antimicrobial growth promoter in animal feeds. Mechanistically, moenomycin acts via inhibition of the transglycosylation process at the final stage of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, in particular through binding directly to the transglycosylase enzymes, thereby preventing polymerisation of lipid II into linear peptidoglycan. Despite moenomycin's success, no developments of direct transglycosylase enzyme inhibitors were reported for over 30 years, probably due to the complexities and uncertainties surrounding the transglycosylation process, in particular the number of enzymes involved in the process and their specific roles. The development of better research tools and an improved understanding of the transglycosylation process, together with the increasing threat presented by multidrug-resistant bacteria, have led to a resurfacing of interest in targeting the forgotten transglycosylases. In addition, several new generation glycopeptides in clinical development inhibit the transglycosylation process, adding further value to the approach. In this paper, we summarise some of the developments in the area of transglycosylase inhibitors over the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Halliday
- Alchemia Limited, 3 Hi-Tech Court, Eight Mile Plains, Brisbane Technology Park, Qld 4113, Australia
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Welzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Garneau S, Qiao L, Chen L, Walker S, Vederas JC. Synthesis of mono- and disaccharide analogs of moenomycin and lipid II for inhibition of transglycosylase activity of penicillin-binding protein 1b. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:6473-94. [PMID: 15556765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three types of mono- and disaccharides 3a,b, 4a-c, 5, and some chaetomellic acid A analogs 6 and 42-44 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of the transglycosylase activity of penicillin-binding protein 1b (PBP1b), a key bacterial enzyme responsible for the formation of the polysaccharide backbone of peptidoglycan as well as for cross-linking of its peptide portions. The target compounds combine structural features of both the active portion of moenomycin and the natural PBP1b substrate, lipid II. The desired skeletons were obtained in a convergent fashion involving attachment of the lipid-alkylated glyceric acid moieties 11a,b to the corresponding carbohydrate-containing phosphonic acids 23, 24a, and 24b. Compounds 3a,b were prepared to verify the distance requirements between the sugar and the noncleavable C-phosphonate moieties. Compounds 4a-c were synthesized to examine the importance of the first sugar unit of moenomycin, a known inhibitor of transglycosylase catalysis by PBP1b, with respect to antibiotic activity. These were prepared by condensation of 11a,b with 28a and 28c, which were made by glycosylation of 3-bromopropanol with oxazolines 25a,b, and Arbuzov reaction with triethyl or trimethyl phosphite, followed by dealkylation with bromotrimethylsilane. Compound 5 was generated to verify the possibility of using a dicarboxylate group to mimic the diphosphate of lipid II. It was synthesized by coupling of alcohol 31 with alpha-trichloroacetimidate 34. Chaetomellic acid A analogs were prepared by a Michael addition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. With the exception of 3b, all of the target compounds were found to inhibit PBP1b, albeit with modest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Garneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Liu H, Ritter TK, Sadamoto R, Sears PS, Wu M, Wong CH. Acceptor specificity and inhibition of the bacterial cell-wall glycosyltransferase MurG. Chembiochem 2003; 4:603-9. [PMID: 12851929 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A continuous fluorescence coupled enzyme assay was developed to study the acceptor specificity of the glycosyltransferase MurG toward different lipid I analogues with various substituents replacing the undecaprenyl moiety. It was found that most lipid I analogues are accepted as substrates and, amongst these, the saturated C14 analogue exhibits the best activity. This substrate was used to evaluate the inhibition activity of such antibiotics as moenomycin, vancomycin, and two chlorobiphenyl vancomycin derivatives. A vancomycin derivative with a chlorobiphenyl moiety on the aglycon section was identified as a potent inhibitor of MurG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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29
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Rühl T, Daghish M, Buchynskyy A, Barche K, Volke D, Stembera K, Kempin U, Knoll D, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Oehme R, Giesa S, Ayala J, Welzel P. Studies on the interaction of the antibiotic moenomycin A with the enzyme penicillin-binding protein 1b. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2965-81. [PMID: 12788366 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of a moenomycin derivative with the enzyme penicillin binding protein 1b (PBP 1b) has been studied by means of STD NMR. The results obtained initiated the synthesis of a number of moenomycin derivatives modified in unit A including a moenomycin-ampicillin conjugate and determination of their antibiotic activities. A protocol is described that allows studying the interaction of moenomycin analogues with PBP 1b by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rühl
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Betat H, Vogel S, Struhalla M, Förster HH, Famulok M, Welzel P, Hahn U. Aptamers That Recognize the Lipid Moiety of the Antibiotic Moenomycin A. Biol Chem 2003; 384:1497-500. [PMID: 14669992 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Moenomycin A is an amphiphilic phosphoglycolipid antibiotic that interferes with the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The antibiotic consists of a branched pentasaccharide moiety, connected to the moenocinol lipid via a glycerophosphate linker. We have previously described the selection of aptamers that require the lipid group and the disaccharide epitopes of the oligosaccharide moiety for moenomycin binding. Here we report that the enriched moenomycin-binding library contains sequences that evolved for specific recognition of the unpolar lipid group of the antibiotic. These results suggest that the evolution of hydrophobic binding pockets in RNA molecules may be much more common than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Betat
- Universität Hamburg, Abteilung Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Ajaj KA, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Müller D, Welzel P. Synthesis of a complex disaccharide precursor of phosphonate analogues of the antibiotic moenomycin A12. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Synthesis of tools for raising antibodies against moenomycin epitopes and initial immunological studies. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Stembera K, Vogel S, Buchynskyy A, Ayala JA, Welzel P. A surface plasmon resonance analysis of the interaction between the antibiotic moenomycin A and penicillin-binding protein 1b. Chembiochem 2002; 3:559-65. [PMID: 12325012 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020603)3:6<559::aid-cbic559>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic moenomycin A inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, the main structural polymer of the bacterial cell wall. The inhibition is based on a reversible binding of the antibiotic to one of the substrate binding sites in enzymes such as penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1b. A novel assay based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been established that can be used to investigate selective binding of the moenomycin sugar moiety and other transglycosylase inhibitors to this enzyme. Suitable ligands were prepared from moenomycin A and coupled to SPR sensor surfaces. Moenomycin analogues with structural variations were used to perform competitive SPR experiments with PBP 1b. The SPR results confirm for the first time that the trisaccharide fragment of moenomycin A (C-E-F-G-H-I) is the minimal structure that possesses all moieties sufficient for biological activity and for affinity towards PBP 1b. The method seems to be appropriate for use in screens for transglycosylase inhibitors that bind to the moenomycin-binding site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Stembera
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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34
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Stembera K, Buchynskyy A, Vogel S, Knoll D, Osman AA, Ayala JA, Welzel P. Moenomycin-mediated affinity purification of penicillin-binding protein 1b. Chembiochem 2002; 3:332-40. [PMID: 11933234 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020402)3:4<332::aid-cbic332>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic moenomycin A inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, the main structural polymer of the bacterial cell wall. The inhibition is based on a reversible binding of the antibiotic to one of the substrate binding sites at enzymes such as the penicillin binding protein 1b (PBP 1b). This binding has been employed to isolate PBP 1b by affinity chromatography. Suitable ligands have been prepared from moenomycin A and coupled both to affinity supports and to surface plasmon resonance sensor surfaces. The reactions that take place upon immobilization of the ligands to the affinity support and the sensor surface, respectively, have been studied in detail. With the help of surface plasmon resonance the optimal conditions for binding of PBP 1b to moenomycin-derivated ligands have been established. For the first time the selective binding of the moenomycin sugar moiety to the enzyme has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Stembera
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Buchynskyy A, Kempin U, Vogel S, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Müller D, Giesa S, Knoll H, Welzel P. Synthesis of Fluorescent Derivatives of the Antibiotic Moenomycin A. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200204)2002:7<1149::aid-ejoc1149>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Buchynskyy A, Stembera K, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Welzel P. A Method for the Introduction of Reporter Groups into Moenomycin A, Based on Thiouronium Salt Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200204)2002:7<1163::aid-ejoc1163>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Eichelberger U, Neundorf I, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Müller D, Welzel P. Synthesis of analogues of the 2-O-alkyl glycerate part of the moenomycins. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Zahra J, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Welzel P, Müller D, Sheldrick WS. Synthesis of a building block for phosphonate analogues of moenomycin A12 from d-tartaric acid. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Eichelberger U, Mansourova M, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Müller D, Welzel P. A cross metathesis-based synthesis of analogues of the 2-O-alkyl glycerate part of the moenomycins. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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41
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42
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43
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Vogel S, Stembera K, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Giesa S, Welzel P, Lampilas M. Moenomycin analogues with modified lipid side chains from indium-mediated Barbier-type reactions. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Synthesis of a building block for phosphonate analogues of moenomycin A 12 from d -tartaric acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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van Heijenoort J. Formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan. Glycobiology 2001; 11:25R-36R. [PMID: 11320055 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.3.25r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main structural features of bacterial peptidoglycan are linear glycan chains interlinked by short peptides. The glycan chains are composed of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), all linkages between sugars being beta,1-->4. On the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, two types of activities are involved in the polymerization of the peptidoglycan monomer unit: glycosyltransferases that catalyze the formation of the linear glycan chains and transpeptidases that catalyze the formation of the peptide cross-bridges. Contrary to the transpeptidation step, for which there is an abundant literature that has been regularly reviewed, the transglycosylation step has been studied to a far lesser extent. The aim of the present review is to summarize and evaluate the molecular and cellullar data concerning the formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Early work concerned the use of various in vivo and in vitro systems for the study of the polymerization steps, the attachment of newly made material to preexisting peptidoglycan, and the mechanism of action of antibiotics. The synthesis of the glycan chains is catalyzed by the N-terminal glycosyltransferase module of class A high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins and by nonpenicillin-binding monofunctional glycosyltransferases. The multiplicity of these activities in a given organism presumably reflects a variety of in vivo functions. The topological localization of the incorporation of nascent peptidoglycan into the cell wall has revealed that bacteria have at least two peptidoglycan-synthesizing systems: one for septation, the other one for elongation or cell wall thickening. Owing to its location on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane and its specificity, the transglycosylation step is an interesting target for antibacterials. Glycopeptides and moenomycins are the best studied antibiotics known to interfere with this step. Their mode of action and structure-activity relationships have been extensively studied. Attempts to synthesize other specific transglycosylation inhibitors have recently been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Heijenoort
- Institut de Biochimie, Bat 430, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, F-91405, France
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Schürer H, Buchynskyy A, Korn K, Famulok M, Welzei P, Hahn U. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy as a New Method for the Investigation of Aptamer/Target Interactions. Biol Chem 2001; 382:479-81. [PMID: 11347896 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is an attractive tool for monitoring molecular interactions in solution. We report here a new and highly sensitive method for studying the interaction of aptamers with their targets using this technique. In vitro selection technology is a combinatorial method for the generation of nucleic acid receptors (aptamers) that are capable of binding to various target molecules. Using the in vitro selection approach we isolated RNAs which bind to the antibiotic moenomycin with high affinity. The formation of RNA-moenomycin complexes was studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with a tetramethylrhodamine-labeled derivative of moenomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schürer
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Biochemie, Germany
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Baizman ER, Branstrom AA, Longley CB, Allanson N, Sofia MJ, Gange D, Goldman RC. Antibacterial activity of synthetic analogues based on the disaccharide structure of moenomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial transglycosylase. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2000; 146 Pt 12:3129-3140. [PMID: 11101671 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-146-12-3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Moenomycin is a natural product glycolipid that inhibits the growth of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria. In Escherichia coli, moenomycin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis at the transglycosylation stage, causes accumulation of cell-wall intermediates, and leads to lysis and cell death. However, unlike Esc. coli, where 5-6 log units of killing are observed, 0-2 log units of killing occurred when Gram-positive bacteria were treated with similar multiples of the MIC. In addition, bulk peptidoglycan synthesis in intact Gram-positive cells was resistant to the effects of moenomycin. In contrast, synthetic disaccharides based on the moenomycin disaccharide core structure were identified that were bactericidal to Gram-positive bacteria, inhibited cell-wall synthesis in intact cells, and were active on both sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. These disaccharide analogues do not inhibit the formation of N:-acetylglucosamine-ss-1, 4-MurNAc-pentapeptide-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol (lipid II), but do inhibit the polymerization of lipid II into peptidoglycan in Esc. coli. In addition, cell growth was required for bactericidal activity. The data indicate that synthetic disaccharide analogues of moenomycin inhibit cell-wall synthesis at the transglycosylation stage, and that their activity on Gram-positive bacteria differs from moenomycin due to differential targeting of the transglycosylation process. Inhibition of the transglycosylation process represents a promising approach to the design of new antibacterial agents active on drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Baizman
- Advanced Medicine East Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA1
| | | | | | - Nigel Allanson
- Advanced Medicine East Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA1
| | - Michael J Sofia
- Advanced Medicine East Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA1
| | - David Gange
- Advanced Medicine East Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA1
| | - Robert C Goldman
- Advanced Medicine East Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA1
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Goldman RC, Baizman ER, Branstrom AA, Longley CB. Differential antibacterial activity of moenomycin analogues on gram-positive bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2251-4. [PMID: 11055331 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The moenomycin trisaccharide degradation product and synthetic disaccharide analogues based on the disaccharide core were bactericidal to gram-positive bacteria, inhibited lipid II polymerization, and inhibited cell wall synthesis in Enterococcus faecalis. Truncating moenomycin to the trisaccharide, and building upon the core disaccharide have both led to molecules possessing properties not shared with their respective parent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Goldman
- Advanced Medicine, Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
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