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Tian M, Yu M, Shi T, Hu J, Li S, Xu J, Chen N, Du H. Silver-Catalyzed Direct C6-H Arylation of Purines and Purine Nucleosides with Arylboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Yu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Junbin Hu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlai Li
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
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2
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Collier GS, Brown LA, Boone ES, Long BK, Kilbey SM. Synthesis of Main Chain Purine-Based Copolymers and Effects of Monomer Design on Thermal and Optical Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:682-687. [PMID: 35614655 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to incorporate diverse monomeric building blocks enables the development of advanced polymeric materials possessing a wide range of properties that suits them for myriad applications. Herein, that synthetic toolbox is expanded through the first report of purine-based copolymers in which purines are incorporated directly into the polymer main chain. Stille cross-coupling of dibromopurine monomers with benzodithiophene (BDT) comonomers is used to generate these "poly(purine)s", and variations in the substitution pattern of the purine monomer and BDT side-chains provides insight into the role of monomer design on their resultant thermal and photophysical properties. Specifically, thermal analyses show that poly(purine)s exhibit high thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures depending on the BDT side-chain substituents and substitution pattern of the purine-derived comonomer. Furthermore, optical properties measured via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show dependence on monomer substitution pattern. These findings demonstrate the viability of synthesizing poly(purine)s via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and highlight the potential to tailor poly(purine) properties via simple alterations of comonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lauren A. Brown
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan S. Boone
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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3
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Sinha I, Kösters J, Hepp A, Müller J. 6-Substituted purines containing thienyl or furyl substituents as artificial nucleobases for metal-mediated base pairing. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16080-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Qu GR, Xin PY, Niu HY, Jin X, Guo XT, Yang XN, Guo HM. Microwave promoted palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloropurines with sodium tetraarylborate in water. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Guo HM, Zhang Y, Niu HY, Wang DC, Chu ZL, Qu GR. Microwave promoted C6-alkylation of purines through S(N)Ar-based reaction of 6-chloropurines with 3-alkyl-acetylacetone. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2065-8. [PMID: 21340084 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
C6-Alkylated purine analogues were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields by S(N)Ar reaction of 6-chloropurine derivatives with 3-alkyl-acetylacetone. 3-Alkyl-acetylacetones were employed as alkylating agents and C6-alkylated purines were obtained highly selectively within short reaction time under microwave irradiation conditions. This work is complementary to the classical coupling reactions for the synthesis of C6-alkylated purine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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6
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Slagt VF, de Vries AHM, de Vries JG, Kellogg RM. Practical Aspects of Carbon−Carbon Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Heteroarenes. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F. Slagt
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - André H. M. de Vries
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Kellogg
- Syncom BV, Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands, DSM Pharmaceutical Products - Innovative Synthesis and Catalysis, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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7
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8
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Tobrman T, Dvořák D. Reductive Dimerization of 2- and 6-Iodopurines: Side Reaction in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Iodopurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a Pd catalyst and a base, 6- and 2-iodopurine derivatives undergo reductive C-C dimerization with the formation of the corresponding 6,6'- or 2,2'-dimers. The best results of the dimerization were obtained in the presence of i-Pr2NEt as a base in DMF. Phosphine-free catalysts as well as catalysts containing phosphines can be used. In the presence of catalytic systems containing PPh3 the dimerization does not proceed. This dimerization may become an important side reaction in the Stille or the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of iodopurines.
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9
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Chang LCW, Spanjersberg RF, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. 2,6-disubstituted and 2,6,8-trisubstituted purines as adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2861-7. [PMID: 16686529 DOI: 10.1021/jm050640i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purines have long been exploited as adenosine receptor antagonists. The substitution pattern about the purine ring has been well investigated, and certain criteria have become almost a prerequisite for good affinity at the adenosine A(1) receptor. The adaptation of the pharmacophore and the initial series of pyrimidines developed in an earlier publication resulted in a series of purines with an entirely new substitution pattern. One compound in particular, 8-cyclopentyl-2,6-diphenylpurine (31, LUF 5962) has been shown to be very promising with an affinity of 0.29 nM at the human adenosine A(1) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C W Chang
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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11
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12
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Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Nissen-Meyer J, Rise F, Spilsberg B. Cytotoxic activity of 6-alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:877-80. [PMID: 12617912 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
6-Alkynyl- and 6-alkenylpurines have been screened for cytotoxic activity against a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K-562 cells using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Most alkynes displayed cytotoxicity comparable to, or better than, the known anticancer drugs 6-mercaptopurine and fludarabine. The 6-alkenylpurines, which are promising plant growth stimulators and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, exhibited only low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bråthe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Hocek M. Syntheses of Purines Bearing Carbon Substituents in Positions 2, 6 or 8 by Metal‐ or Organometal‐Mediated C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200390025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Fax: (internat.) + 420‐2/33331271
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14
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Sasaki S. [Creation of functional recognition molecules for chemical modification of gene expression]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2002; 122:1081-93. [PMID: 12510386 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.122.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Artificial molecules that exhibit specific recognition of duplex DNA have attracted great interest because of their potential application in the manipulation of gene expression. Specific chemical reactions to the target base within the predetermined site would secure selective inhibition at either translation or transcription reactions. A more interesting application would be to alter the reacted base structure to induce a point mutation. In our study, we have focused our efforts on: 1) development of new cross-linking molecules with high efficiency as well as high selectivity; 2) establishment of a new molecular basis for the formation of nonnatural triplexes; and 3) synthetic approaches to the new minor groove binders. This paper summarizes our recent results using two new functional molecules: 2-amino-6-vinylpurine derivatives as new cross-linking agents; and W-shaped nucleic acid analogues as new recognition molecules for the formation of nonnatural-type triplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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15
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Havelková M, Dvořák D, Hocek M. Covalent analogues of DNA base-pairs and triplets. Part 3: Synthesis of 1,4- and 1,3-bis(purin-6-yl)benzenes and 1-(1,3-dimethyluracil-5-yl)-3 or 4-(purin-9-yl)benzenes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lakshman MK. Palladium-catalyzed C–N and C–C cross-couplings as versatile, new avenues for modifications of purine 2′-deoxynucleosides. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Hassan J, Sévignon M, Gozzi C, Schulz E, Lemaire M. Aryl-aryl bond formation one century after the discovery of the Ullmann reaction. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1359-470. [PMID: 11996540 DOI: 10.1021/cr000664r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3023] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jwanro Hassan
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse Organique, UMR 5622, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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18
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Hocek M, Holý A, Votruba I, Dvořáková H. Cytostatic 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides III. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study in Cytostatic Activity of 6-Aryl-, 6-Hetaryl- and 6-Benzylpurine Ribonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of fifteen 6-aryl-, 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides has been prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- purine with arylboronic acids, hetarylzinc halides, hetarylstannanes or benzylzinc halides followed by deprotection. Structure-activity relationship study revealed that besides 6-(4-substituted phenyl)purine nucleosides, also some 6-hetaryl- and 6-benzylpurine ribonucleosides possess considerable cytostatic activity.
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19
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Hassan AE, Abou-Elkair RA, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. Convenient syntheses of 6-methylpurine and related nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:1123-34. [PMID: 10999252 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008035035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the synthesis of 6-methylpurine (3), 9-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6-methylpurine (8), and 6-methyl-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine (5) are described. Methodology involving the (Ph3P)4Pd catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of CH3ZnBr with several different 6-chloropurine derivatives is described in high yield. This methodology now provides a facile and high-yielding synthesis of 8, which is needed in significant amounts for studies in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hassan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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20
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Hocek M, Holý A, Votruba I, Dvoráková H. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of substituted 6-phenylpurine bases and nucleosides: application of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 6-chloropurine derivatives with phenylboronic acids. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1817-25. [PMID: 10794698 DOI: 10.1021/jm991167+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of protected 6-chloropurine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine bases and nucleosides with substituted phenylboronic acids led to the corresponding protected 6-(substituted phenyl)purine derivatives 6-9. Their deprotection yielded a series of substituted 6-phenylpurine bases and nucleosides 10-13. Significant cytostatic activity (IC(50) 0.25-20 micromol/L) in CCRF-CEM, HeLa, and L1210 cell lines was found for several 6-(4-X-substituted phenyl)purine ribonucleosides 12 (X = H, F, Cl, and OR), while the 6-phenylpurine and 2-amino-6-phenylpurine bases 10 and 11, as well as 2-amino-6-phenylpurine ribosides 13, were entirely inactive against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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21
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Havelková M, Studenovský M, Dvořák D. N1-Substituted Hypoxanthine Derivatives from the Reaction of 6-Halopurines with Michael Acceptors Under the Conditions of Heck Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 6-iodo-, 9-benzyl-6-chloropurine and 7-benzyl-6-chloropurine with butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone or methyl methacrylate under conditions of the Heck reaction in the presence of TlOAc or AgOAc afforded N1-alkylhypoxanthine derivatives. Formation of these unexpected products can be rationalised as a Tl+- or Ag+-assisted substitution of halogen with acetate anion. The 6-acetoxypurine derivative thus formed then eliminates ketene and gives 7-benzyl- or 9-benzylhypoxanthine. Conjugate addition of these compounds onto Michael acceptors furnishes the N1-substituted hypoxanthine derivatives.
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22
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Česnek M, Hocek M, Holý A. Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues Derived from 2-Amino-6-C-substituted Purines via Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2-Amino-9-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl}-6-halopurines with Diverse Organometallic Reagents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl}purine (1) and 2-amino-9-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl}-6-iodopurine (2) with diverse types of organometallic reagents have been studied. Arylboronic acids reacted with 1 to give the corresponding 2-amino-6-arylpurines 3a-3d in good yields. Analogously, trialkylaluminium reagents were used for the preparation of 6-alkyl-2-aminopurines 3k and 3l from 1. Hetarylzinc halides and hetarylstannanes required the use of 2-amino-6-iodopurine 2 to give the corresponding 2-amino-6-hetarylpurines 3e-3j in fair to good yields. A CuI/KF mediated coupling of perfluoroalkylsilanes with 2 afforded the 2-amino-6-perfluoroalkylpurines 3m and 3n in moderate yields. Cleavage of the esters 3 with bromo(trimethyl)silane gave the target free phosphonates 4 that were purified by ion- exchange chromatography. The title compounds were tested on antiviral and cytostatic activity.
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23
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Barends J, der Linden JBV, Delft FLV, Koomen GJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Animation of 6-Chloropurine. Synthesis of N6-Substituted Adenosine Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Bråthe A, Gundersen LL, Rise F, Eriksen AB, Vollsnes AV, Wang L. Synthesis of 6-alkenyl- and 6-alkynylpurines with cytokinin activity. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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26
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Hirota K, Monguchi Y, Kitade Y, Sajiki H. Ribofuranose-ring cleavage of purine nucleosides with diisobutylaluminum hydride: Convenient method for the preparation of purine acyclonucleosides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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28
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Bumagin NA, Luzikova EV. Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of Grignard reagents with halobenzoic acids, halophenols and haloanilines. J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(96)06794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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2-Aminopurine derivatives with C6-substituted olefin as novel cross-linking agents and the synthesis of the corresponding β-phosphoramidite precursors. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Synthesis of acyclic nucleotide analogues derived from N-substituted 6-(1-aminoethyl)purines via 6-acetylpurine derivatives. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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32
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Preparation of zinc organometallics derived from nucleosides and nucleic acid bases and Pd(0) catalyzed coupling with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Andresen G, Gundersen LL, Rise F. Regiochemistry in addition of Grignard reagents to N,N′-dibenzylated 2-purinones. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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35
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Dvořáková H, Dvořák D, Holý A. Coupling of 6-chloropurines with organocuprates derived from grignard reagents: A convenient route to sec and tert 6-alkylpurines. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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37
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Gundersen LL, Langli G, Rise F. Regioselective Pd-mediated coupling between 2,6-dichloropurines and organometallic reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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39
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Chapter 6.3 Six-membered ring systems: Triazines, tetrazines, and fused ring polyaza systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(06)80016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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40
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Nagatsugi F, Uemura K, Nakashima S, Maeda M, Sasaki S. 6-Vinylated guanosine as a novel cross-linking agent and its versatile synthesis from the 6-O-tosylate by Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Gundersen LL, Kristin Bakkestuen A, Jørgen Aasen A, Øver»s H, Rise F. 6-Halopurines in palladium-catalyzed coupling with organotin and organozinc reagents. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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