Base catalyzed rearrangement of 5-cyanomethyl-2-isoxazolines; novel pathway for the formation of 2-aminopyridine N-oxides

An efficient and regioselective biocatalytic synthesis of aromatic N-oxides by using a soluble di-iron monooxygenase PmlABCDEF produced in the Pseudomonas species

Here, we present an improved whole-cell biocatalysis system for the synthesis of heteroaromatic N-oxides based on the production of a soluble di-iron monooxygenase PmlABCDEF in Pseudomonas sp. MIL9 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The presented biocatalysis system performs under environmentally benign conditions, features a straightforward and inexpensive procedure and possesses a high substrate conversion and product yield. The capacity of gram-scale production was reached in the simple shake-flask cultivation. The template substrates (pyridine, pyrazine, 2-aminopyrimidine) have been converted into pyridine-1-oxide, pyrazine-1-oxide and 2-aminopyrimidine-1-oxide in product titres of 18.0, 19.1 and 18.3 g l-1 , respectively. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported productivity of aromatic N-oxides using biocatalysis methods. Moreover, comparing to the chemical method of aromatic N-oxides synthesis based on meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, the developed approach is applicable for a regioselective oxidation that is an additional advantageous option in the preparation of the anticipated N-oxides.