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Zhang Z, Wu J, Shang Z, Wang C, Cheng J, Qian X, Xiao Y, Xu Z, Yang Y. Photocalibrated NO Release from N-Nitrosated Napthalimides upon One-Photon or Two-Photon Irradiation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7274-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | | | | | - Yi Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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2
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Hosamani B, Narendra N, Prabhu G, Sureshbabu VV. Synthesis of N-urethane protected amino alkyl (S-methyl)-isothiouronium compounds and carbodiimide tethered peptidomimetics: an application for guanidino and substituted guanidino peptidomimetics synthesis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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3
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Chen BC, Shiu S, Yang DY. A General Procedure for Synthesis ofNG-Alkyl, andNG-Aryl-L-Arginines as Potential Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibitors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Eleventh international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580370301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Schade D, Töpker-Lehmann K, Kotthaus J, Clement B. Synthetic approaches to N(delta)-methylated L-arginine, N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine, L-citrulline, and N(delta)-cyano-L-ornithine. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1025-30. [PMID: 18179234 DOI: 10.1021/jo702150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nomega-Methylated arginines such as asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and monomethyl-l-arginine (NMMA) are known as potent physiological inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). To explore a possible physiological and pharmaceutical relevance of N(delta)-methylated analogues, a synthetic scheme had to be developed that would not lead to N(delta)-methyl-L-arginine only but also to its presumed metabolites of NOS catalysis. Two basic synthetic approaches have been pursued to obtain N(delta)-methylated derivatives of L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, and N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine. A first attempt utilized conventionally protected L-ornithine, i.e., the tert-butyl ester and Boc-amine, and led to three end compounds in excellent yields. Simultaneous protection of the alpha-amino acid moiety by formation of boroxazolidinones, particularly by employing 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN-H), proved to be a convenient option to perform side chain modifications and led to all of the desired end compounds. Additionally, enantiomeric excess (ee, %) of crucial synthetic intermediates and end compounds was determined by chiral HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76-78, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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6
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Abstract
A concise and general method for the preparation of N(G)-hydroxyguanidines from primary amines is reported. Using available and readily prepared materials, primary amines are converted to protected N(G)-hydroxyguanidines in a one-pot procedure followed by deprotection under nonreducing conditions. The method has been successfully applied to a number of examples including a high-yielding preparation of N(G)-hydroxy-L-arginine, the intermediate in the enzymatic conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide and L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 204 Lewis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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7
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Stuehr DJ, Griffith OW. Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 65:287-346. [PMID: 1373932 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123119.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Stuehr
- Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York
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8
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Jirgensons A, Kums I, Kauss V, Kalvins I. A Convenient Reagent for N-hydroxyguanylation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919708005034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jirgensons
- a Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - I. Kums
- a Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - V. Kauss
- a Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - I. Kalvins
- a Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
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9
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Cunha S, Rodrigues MT, da Silva CC, Napolitano HB, Vencato I, Lariucci C. The first synthesis of pyridinium N-benzoylguanidines by bismuth- and mercury-promoted guanylation of N-iminopyridinium ylide with thioureas. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Wang PG, Xian M, Tang X, Wu X, Wen Z, Cai T, Janczuk AJ. Nitric oxide donors: chemical activities and biological applications. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1091-134. [PMID: 11942788 DOI: 10.1021/cr000040l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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11
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12
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Ware RW, King SB. Evaluation of new L-thiocitrulline derivatives as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2779-81. [PMID: 11133090 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New derivatives of L-thiocitrulline were prepared and assayed as inhibitors of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. These compounds demonstrated weak inhibitory activity against the NOS isoforms and these results directly support a recently described model of the L-arginine binding site of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Ware
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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13
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Moali C, Brollo M, Custot J, Sari MA, Boucher JL, Stuehr DJ, Mansuy D. Recognition of alpha-amino acids bearing various C=NOH functions by nitric oxide synthase and arginase involves very different structural determinants. Biochemistry 2000; 39:8208-18. [PMID: 10889028 DOI: 10.1021/bi992992v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several alpha-amino acids bearing a C=NOH function separated from the Calpha carbon by two to five atoms have been synthesized and tested as substrates or inhibitors of recombinant nitric oxide synthases (NOS) I and II and as inhibitors of rat liver arginase (RLA). These include four N-hydroxyguanidines, N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) and its analogues homo-NOHA, nor-NOHA, and dinor-NOHA, two amidoximes bearing the -NH-C(CH(3))=NOH group, and two amidoximes bearing the -CH(2)-C(NH(2))=NOH group. Their behavior toward NOS and RLA was compared to that of the corresponding compounds bearing a C=NH function instead of the C=NOH function. The results obtained clearly show that efficient recognition of these alpha-amino acids by NOS and RLA involves very different structural determinants. NOS favors molecules bearing a -NH-C(R)=NH motif separated from Calpha by three or four CH(2) groups, such as arginine itself, with the necessary presence of delta-NH and omega-NH groups and a more variable R substituent. The corresponding molecules with a C=NOH function exhibit a much lower affinity for NOS. On the contrary, RLA best recognizes molecules bearing a C=NOH function separated from Calpha by three or four atoms, the highest affinity being observed in the case of three atoms. The presence of two omega-nitrogen atoms is important for efficient recognition, as in the two best RLA inhibitors, N(omega)-hydroxynorarginine and N(omega)-hydroxynorindospicine, which exhibit IC(50) values at the micromolar level. However, contrary to what was observed in the case of NOS, the presence of a delta-NH group is not important. These different structural requirements of NOS and RLA may be directly linked to the position of crucial residues that have been identified from crystallographic data in the active sites of both enzymes. Thus, binding of arginine analogues to NOS particularly relies on strong interactions of their delta-NH and omega-NH(2) groups with glutamate 371 (of NOS II), whereas binding of C=NOH molecules to RLA is mainly based on interactions of their terminal OH group with the binuclear Mn(II).Mn(II) cluster of the enzyme and on possible additional bonds between their omega-NH(2) group with histidine 141, glutamate 277, and one Mn(II) ion. The different modes of interaction displayed by both enzymes depend on their different catalytic functions and give interesting opportunities to design useful molecules to selectively regulate NOS and arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moali
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris V, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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14
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Atkinson RN, King SB. Guanidine-substituted imidazoles as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2953-8. [PMID: 10571154 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Guanidine-substituted imidazoles were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. These results identify a new 2-substituted imidazole as an isoform selective inhibitor and illustrate the possible importance of the L-arginine side chain in selective isoform recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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15
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Ulhaq S, Chinje EC, Naylor MA, Jaffar M, Stratford IJ, Threadgill MD. Heterocyclic analogues of L-citrulline as inhibitors of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and identification of N(delta)-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine as a potent inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1787-96. [PMID: 10530926 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
L-Thiocitrulline is a known potent inhibitor of several isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). To explore the structure-activity relationships (SARs) for this molecule in more depth than has previously been reported, three analogues substituted at the sulphur of the isothioureas have been synthesised. In two of these, the S-substituent was 'tied back' sterically by cyclisation to the nitrogen remote from the amino-acid unit. N(delta)-(4,5-Dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ornithine was identified as an inhibitor of rat inducible and constitutive isoforms of NOS and of a constitutive NOS derived from a human tumour xenograft. Analogous N(delta)-(thiazol-2-yl)ornithines were less active, whereas the corresponding N(delta)-(oxazol-2-yl)ornithine and N(delta)-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ornithine failed completely to inhibit NOS. A new efficient preparation of the critical synthetic intermediate, N(alpha)-Boc-thiocitrulline t-butyl ester, has been developed. Further exploration of the SAR with 2-amino-5-(heterocyclylthio)pentanoic acids (synthesised from 2-(Boc-amino)-5-bromopentanoic acid t-butyl ester), with N-(4-aminobutyl)thiourea and with 2-(4-aminobutylamino)-4,5-dihydrothiazole enabled refinement of our previous model for binding of the substrate, L-arginine, and the inhibitors to NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ulhaq
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, UK
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16
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Ichimori K, Stuehr DJ, Atkinson RN, King SB. Synthesis and evaluation of new sulfur-containing L-arginine-derived inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. J Med Chem 1999; 42:1842-8. [PMID: 10346937 DOI: 10.1021/jm980232x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds (7, 8, 10-17, 23) containing new functional groups derived by the combination of the substrate, intermediate, product, and known inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were prepared and evaluated against NOS. While none of the compounds assayed acted as a nitric oxide-producing substrate, the sulfur-containing arginine derivatives 10-12 were competitive inhibitors of iNOS with Ki's of 202, 7, and 58 microM, respectively. Compound 11 demonstrated the greatest potency against NOS-mediated citrulline formation for each of the three isoforms with IC50's of 6. 7, 19.7, and 13 microM for nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, respectively. Compounds 10-12 each demonstrated a slight selectivity for inhibition of the neuronal isoform compared to the endothelial and inducible isoforms. These compounds also influenced the NADPH oxidase activity and heme iron spin state in a manner similar to structurally related compounds. Compound 10, a thiocarbonyl-containing compound, decreased the NADPH oxidase activity of the enzyme (EC50 = 190 microM) and shifted the heme iron spin state toward a low-spin configuration, similar to that of L-thiocitrulline. Compounds 11 and 12, S-alkylthiocitrulline derivatives, decreased the NADPH oxidase activity of the enzyme (EC50 = 6.6 and 180 microM, respectively) and shifted the heme iron spin state toward a high-spin configuration, similar to that of L-S-methylisothiocitrulline. Carbonyl-containing amino acid (7, 8, 23) and non-amino acid (13-17) analogues did not interact well with the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ichimori
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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17
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18
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Jadhav PK, Woerner FJ, Man HW. Synthesis of 7-membered cyclic hydroxyguanidines: Novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Custot J, Moali C, Brollo M, Boucher JL, Delaforge M, Mansuy D, Tenu JP, Zimmermann JL. The New α-Amino AcidNω-Hydroxy-nor-l-arginine: a High-Affinity Inhibitor of Arginase Well Adapted To Bind to Its Manganese Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja970285o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fukuto
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024, USA
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22
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Vadon S, Custot J, Boucher JL, Mansuy D. Synthesis and effects on arginase and nitric oxide synthase of two novel analogues of Nω-hydroxyarginine, Nω-hydroxyindospicine and p-hydroxyamidinophenylalanine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p19960000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Narayanan K, Spack L, McMillan K, Kilbourn RG, Hayward MA, Masters BS, Griffith OW. S-alkyl-L-thiocitrullines. Potent stereoselective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase with strong pressor activity in vivo. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:11103-10. [PMID: 7538112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.19.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase catalyzes the oxidation of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine to nitric oxide with concomitant formation of citrulline. Enzyme activity is inhibited by a variety of N omega-monosubstituted L-arginine analogs including N omega-alkyl-, N omega-amino-, and N omega-nitro-L-arginine derivatives. We report here that both constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are strongly inhibited by S-alkyl-L-thiocitrullines (N delta-(S-alkyl)isothioureido-L-ornithines) with n-alkyl groups of one to three carbons. These compounds represent a novel class of inhibitors and are the most potent nitric oxide synthase-inhibiting amino acids described to date. Inhibition is reversible, stereoselective, and competitive with L-arginine. Spectral studies show no direct interaction of inhibitor sulfur with heme iron, a result in contrast to that seen previously with the parent compound, L-thiocitrulline. The S-alkyl-L-thiocitrullines have strong pressor activity in normotensive control rats; S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline reverses hypotension in a rat model of septic peritonitis and in dogs administered endotoxin. These latter findings suggest that the inhibitors may have therapeutic utility in treating hypotension due to the overproduction of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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24
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Abu-Soud HM, Feldman PL, Clark P, Stuehr DJ. Electron transfer in the nitric-oxide synthases. Characterization of L-arginine analogs that block heme iron reduction. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Furfine ES, Harmon MF, Paith JE, Knowles RG, Salter M, Kiff RJ, Duffy C, Hazelwood R, Oplinger JA, Garvey EP. Potent and selective inhibition of human nitric oxide synthases. Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline and S-ethyl-L-thiocitrulline. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Moynihan HA, Roberts SM, Weldon H, Allcock GH, Änggård EE, Warner TD. Synthesis and biological activity of the novel nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω′-hydroxy-Nω-methyl-L-arginine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/p19940000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Kerwin
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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29
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Pufahl RA, Nanjappan PG, Woodard RW, Marletta MA. Mechanistic probes of N-hydroxylation of L-arginine by the inducible nitric oxide synthase from murine macrophages. Biochemistry 1992; 31:6822-8. [PMID: 1379071 DOI: 10.1021/bi00144a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine, [15N]-NG-hydroxy-L-arginine, and NG-hydroxy-NG- methyl-L-arginine were used as mechanistic probes of the initial step in the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase isolated from murine macrophages. NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine was found to be a substrate for nitric oxide synthase with a Km equal to 28.0 microM, yielding nitric oxide and L-citrulline. NADPH was required for the reaction and (6R)-tetrahydro-L-biopterin enhanced the initial rate of nitric oxide formation. The stoichiometry of NG-hydroxy-L-arginine loss to L-citrulline and nitric oxide (measured as nitrite and nitrate) formation was found to be 1:1:1. NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine was also observed in small amounts from L-arginine during the enzyme reaction. Studies with [15N]-NG-hydroxy-L-arginine indicated that the nitrogen in nitric oxide is derived from the oxime nitrogen of [15N]-NG-hydroxy-L- arginine. NG-Hydroxy-NG-methyl-L-arginine was found to be both a reversible and an irreversible inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, displaying reversible competitive inhibition with K(i) equal to 33.5 microM. As an irreversible inhibitor, NG-hydroxy-NG-methyl-L-arginine gave kinact equal to 0.16 min-1 and KI equal to 26.5 microM. This inhibition was found to be both time- and concentration-dependent as well as showing substrate protection against inactivation. Gel filtration of an NG-hydroxy-NG-methyl-L-arginine-inactivated nitric oxide synthase failed to recover substantial amounts of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pufahl
- Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065
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30
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Boucher JL, Genet A, Vadon S, Delaforge M, Mansuy D. Formation of nitrogen oxides and citrulline upon oxidation of N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine by hemeproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 184:1158-64. [PMID: 1590781 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HRP catalyzes the oxidation of N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) by H2O2 with formation of citrulline and NO2- with initial rates of about 0.7 and 0.2 nmol per nmol HRP per min. In the same manner, cytochromes P450 from rat liver microsomes catalyze the oxidation of NOHA to citrulline and NO2- by cumylhydroperoxide. Inhibitors of these hemeproteins (N3- and CN- for HRP and miconazole for P450) strongly inhibit both citrulline and NO2- formation. Rates of NOHA oxidation by these hemeproteins markedly decrease with time presumably because of their denaturation by nitrogen oxides and of the formation of hemeprotein-iron-NO complexes. These results suggest that NO (and other nitrogen oxides) could be formed from oxidation of NOHA by other enzymes than NO-synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Boucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques URA 400 CNRS, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (.NO) synthase (NOS) activity in subcellular fractions from cultured endothelial cells (EC) and lipopolysaccharide-activated J774.2 monocyte/macrophages was investigated by monitoring the .NO-mediated increase in intracellular cyclic GMP in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells. The constitutive NOS in EC (NOSc) was largely membrane-bound, whereas the inducible NOS in J774.2 cells (NOSi) was equally distributed among cytosol and membrane(s). Both the cytosolic NOSc in EC and the membrane-bound NOSi in J774.2 cells were strictly Ca(2+)-dependent, whereas the membrane-bound NOSc in EC and the cytosolic NOSi in J774.2 cells were not. L-Homoarginine and L-arginine-containing small peptides, such as L-arginyl-L-phenylalanine, replaced L-arginine as a substrate for the NOSc in EC and the Ca(2+)-independent NOSi in J774.2 cells, but not the Ca(2+)-dependent NOSi. Thus, irrespective of their intracellular localisation, at least three isoforms of NOS exist, which can be differentiated by their substrate specificity and Ca(2+)-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hecker
- William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, UK
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32
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Stuehr DJ, Kwon NS, Nathan CF, Griffith OW, Feldman PL, Wiseman J. N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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