1
|
Zhao JX, Ge ZP, Yue JM. Cephalotane diterpenoids: structural diversity, biological activity, biosynthetic proposal, and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1152-1179. [PMID: 38482919 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2023Cephalotane diterpenoids are a unique class of natural products exclusive to the genus Cephalotaxus, featuring a rigid 7,6,5,6-fused tetracyclic architecture. The study of cephalotanes dates back to the 1970s, when harringtonolide (1), a Cephalotaxus troponoid with a peculiar norditerpenoid carbon skeleton, was first discovered. In recent years, prototype C20 diterpenoids proposed as cephalotane were disclosed, which triggered intense studies on this diterpenoid family. To date, a cumulative total of 105 cephalotane diterpenoids with great structural diversity and biological importance have been isolated. In addition, significant advances have been made in the field of total synthesis and biosynthesis of cephalotanes in recent years. This review provides a complete overview of the chemical structures, bioactivities, biosynthetic aspects, and completed total synthesis of all the isolated cephalotane diterpenoids, which will help guide future research on this class of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye W, Xiong H, Wang M, Chang J, Yu W. Iodine-Mediated δ-Amination of sp 3 C-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3481-3490. [PMID: 38381857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a direct δ-amination reaction of sp3 C-H bonds, employing molecular iodine (I2) as the sole oxidant under transition-metal-free conditions. This remote C-H functionalization approach is operationally simple and provides facile, efficient access to pyrrolidines and related heterocyclic derivatives from readily accessible substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ye
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanyu Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Manman Wang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun B, Li W, Liu Q, Zhang G, Mo F. Transition metal-free visible light photoredox-catalyzed remote C(sp 3)-H borylation enabled by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. Commun Chem 2023; 6:156. [PMID: 37488210 PMCID: PMC10366130 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The borylation of unreactive carbon-hydrogen bonds is a valuable method for transforming feedstock chemicals into versatile building blocks. Here, we describe a transition metal-free method for the photoredox-catalyzed borylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bond, initiated by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The remote borylation was directed by 1,5-HAT of the amidyl radical, which was generated by photocatalytic reduction of hydroxamic acid derivatives. The method accommodates substrates with primary, secondary and tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds, yielding moderate to good product yields (up to 92%) with tolerance for various functional groups. Mechanistic studies, including radical clock experiments and DFT calculations, provided detailed insight into the 1,5-HAT borylation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beiqi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenke Li
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qianyi Liu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Gaoge Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fanyang Mo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free intramolecular sp3 C–H oxidation of 2‑alkyl benzamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have long focused on selective C(sp 3)-N bond-forming approaches in response to the high value of this motif in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and functional materials. In recent years, visible light-induced protocols have become an important synthetic platform to promote this transformation under mild reaction conditions. These photo-driven methods rely on converting visible light into chemical energy to generate reactive but controllable radical species. This Review highlights recent advances in this area, mostly after 2014, with an emphasis placed on C(sp 3)-H bond activations, including amination of olefins and carbonyl compounds, and cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun L, Cui J, Nie S, Xie L, Wang Y, Wu L. NIS‐Mediated Intramolecular sp3 C–H Oxidation of 2‐Alkyl‐Substituted Benzamides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Jichun Cui
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Shaozhen Nie
- Liaocheng University School of pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Xie
- Liaocheng University School of pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Lingang Wu
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering No. 1, Hunan Road 252000 Liaocheng CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang J, Chen Y, Zhao H, Pan H, Yao Y. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids from Cephalotaxus sinensis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1828-2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cephalotaxus diterpenoids are well known for their unique structures and biological activities. Cephanolides, as new cephalotane-type norditerpenoids isolated from Cephalotaxus sinensis, have attracted considerable attention from the synthetic community. The present Short Review summarizes strategic approaches toward the total synthesis of cephanolides from 2018 to 2021.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Approaches toward Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids2.1 First Total Synthesis of Cephanolides B and C by Zhao (2018)2.2 Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A–D by Sarpong (2021)2.3 Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Yang (2021)2.4 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide A by Gao (2020)2.5 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Gao (2021)2.6 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A and B by Cai (2021)3 Conclusion and Perspectives
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agriculture Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agriculture Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University
| | - Hongyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agriculture Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University
| | - Huanhuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agriculture Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University
| | - Yi Yao
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kiyokawa K, Jou K, Minakata S. Intramolecular C-H Amination of N-Alkylsulfamides by tert-Butyl Hypoiodite or N-Iodosuccinimide. Chemistry 2021; 27:13971-13976. [PMID: 34403187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Diamines are an important class of compounds that are broadly found in natural products and are also widely used as building blocks in organic synthesis. Although the intramolecular C-H amination of N-alkylsulfamide derivatives is a reliable method for the construction of 1,3-diamine structures, the majority of these methods involve the use of a transition-metal catalyst. We herein report on a new transition-metal-free method using tert-butyl hypoiodite (t-BuOI) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), enabling secondary non-benzylic and tertiary C-H amination reactions to proceed. The cyclic sulfamide products can be easily transformed into 1,3-diamines. Mechanistic investigations revealed that amination reactions using t-BuOI or NIS each proceed via different pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang L, An Q, Duan L, Feng K, Zuo Z. Alkoxy Radicals See the Light: New Paradigms of Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2429-2486. [PMID: 34613698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are highly reactive species that have long been recognized as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. However, their development has long been impeded due to a lack of convenient methods for their generation. Thanks to advances in photoredox catalysis, enabling facile access to alkoxy radicals from bench-stable precursors and free alcohols under mild conditions, research interest in this field has been renewed. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in alkoxy radical-mediated transformations under visible light irradiation. Elementary steps for alkoxy radical generation from either radical precursors or free alcohols are central to reaction development; thus, each section is categorized and discussed accordingly. Throughout this review, we have focused on the different mechanisms of alkoxy radical generation as well as their impact on synthetic utilizations. Notably, the catalytic generation of alkoxy radicals from abundant alcohols is still in the early stage, providing intriguing opportunities to exploit alkoxy radicals for diverse synthetic paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lazib Y, Retailleau P, Saget T, Darses B, Dauban P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Pyrrolidines by C(sp 3 )-H Amination of Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21708-21712. [PMID: 34329511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure pyrrolidines is reported via a streamlined strategy relying on two sequential C-H functionalizations of simple hydrocarbons. The first step is a regio- and stereoselective catalytic nitrene C-H insertion. Then, a subsequent diastereoselective cyclization involving a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from a N-centered radical leads to the formation of pyrrolidines that can then be converted to their free NH-derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Lazib
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR-5250, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lazib Y, Retailleau P, Saget T, Darses B, Dauban P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Pyrrolidines by C(sp
3
)−H Amination of Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Lazib
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Grenoble Alpes Département de Chimie Moléculaire CNRS UMR-5250 38058 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301 Av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghosh SK, Hu M, Comito R. One-Pot Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Amines via Mild and Selective sp3 C-H Imination. Chemistry 2021; 27:17601-17608. [PMID: 34387903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct replacement of sp3 C-H bonds with simple amine units (-NH2) remains synthetically challenging, although primary aliphatic amines are ubiquitous in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. We report a mild and selective protocol for preparing primary and secondary aliphatic amines in a single pot, based on intermolecular sp3 C-H imination. The first C-H imination of diverse alkanes, this method shows useful site-selectivity within substrates bearing multiple sp3 C-H bonds. Furthermore, this reaction tolerates polar functional groups relevant for complex molecule synthesis, highlighted in the synthesis of amine pharmaceuticals and amination of natural products. We characterize a unique C-H imination mechanism based on radical rebound to an iminyl radical, supported by kinetic isotope effects, stereoablation, resubmission, and computational modeling. This work constitutes a selective method for complex amine synthesis and a new mechanistic platform for C-H amination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Ghosh
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Mengnan Hu
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houstonn, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert Comito
- University of Houston, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, 77204-5003, Houston, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haider M, Sennari G, Eggert A, Sarpong R. Total Synthesis of the Cephalotaxus Norditerpenoids (±)-Cephanolides A-D. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2710-2715. [PMID: 33577317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Concise syntheses of the Cephalotaxus norditerpenoids cephanolides A-D (8-14 steps from commercial material) using a common late-stage synthetic intermediate are described. The success of our approach rested on an early decision to apply chemical network analysis to identify the strategic bonds that needed to be forged, as well as the efficient construction of the carbon framework through iterative Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling, followed by an intramolecular inverse-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Strategic late-stage oxidations facilitated access to all congeners of the benzenoid cephanolides isolated to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Haider
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alina Eggert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mechanistic insights into the C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of amides and Fukui function analysis of regioselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Shkunnikova S, Zipse H, Šakić D. Role of substituents in the Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction. A quantum-chemical case study on nicotine synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:854-865. [PMID: 33406192 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction can be successfully used to synthesize saturated heterocyclic nitrogen-containing nature-derived pharmaceuticals such as nicotine and its derivatives. In this study the rate-determining hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step in nicotine synthesis has been analyzed using quantum chemical methods. Through quantification of substituent effects in the HAT step of the reaction on both nitrogen and carbon atoms, optimized synthetic strategies are outlined for the racemic as well as the stereoselective synthesis of nicotine. This latter process can be achieved using common nitrogen protecting groups, such as Ac, TFAc, and Boc. The said protecting groups show superior nitrogen radical activation as compared to the commonly used Tosyl group. Computational results indicate that the 1,5-HAT step is in this case likely to work even for the reaction with primary unactivated carbon centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, LMU München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Davor Šakić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin RX, Dai JC, Li Y, Wang XS. Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of C(sp 3)-H Bond of Secondary Amines to Access Azacycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:421-426. [PMID: 33395308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of C-N bond directly from inert C-H bonds is an ideal approach to synthesize saturated azacycles due to its high efficiency and atom economy. In this article, a copper-catalyzed intramolecular amination via the cross coupling of C(sp3)-H and N-H bonds of secondary amine has been reported, which exhibit excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, extensive substrate scope, and functional group tolerance in good to excellent yield, offering an efficient pathway to build nitrogen-containing heterocycle skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xing Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhong LJ, Li Y, An DL, Li JH. Heteroannulation of N-Fluoro-N-alkylsulfonamides with Terminal Alkynes via Remote C(sp3)–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - De-Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen H, Jin W, Yu S. Enantioselective Remote C(sp3)–H Cyanation via Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:5910-5914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
An Update on Distal C(
sp
3
)−H Functionalization Involving 1,5‐HAT Emerging from Nitrogen Radicals. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Guo Q, Peng Q, Chai H, Huo Y, Wang S, Xu Z. Visible-light promoted regioselective amination and alkylation of remote C(sp 3)-H bonds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1463. [PMID: 32193371 PMCID: PMC7081228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-N cross coupling reaction has always been a fundamental task in organic synthesis. However, the direct use of N-H group of aryl amines to generate N-centered radicals which would couple with alkyl radicals to construct C-N bonds is still rare. Here we report a visible light-promoted C-N radical cross coupling for regioselective amination of remote C(sp3)-H bonds. Under visible light irradiation, the N-H groups of aryl amines are converted to N-centered radicals, and are then trapped by alkyl radicals, which are generated from Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) type 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT). With the same strategy, the regioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross coupling is also realized by using alkyl Hantzsch esters (or nitrile) as radical alkylation reagents. Notably, the α-C(sp3)-H of tertiary amines can be directly alkylated to form the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds via C(sp3)-H − C(sp3)-H cross coupling through the same photoredox pathway. C-N bond forming is an established strategy to form amines, which are quintessential in chemical synthesis and in nature. Here, the authors report three classes of photoredox reactions, involving C(sp3)-N coupling between N-centered radicals and alkyl radicals and C(sp3)- C(sp3) coupling via C(sp3)-H alkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanping Guo
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongli Chai
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yumei Huo
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar G, Pradhan S, Chatterjee I. N‐Centered Radical Directed Remote C−H Bond Functionalization via Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:651-672. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road, Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi JL, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dou B, Wang J. Ring-opening iodination and bromination of unstrained cycloalkanols through β-scission of alkoxy radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5002-5005. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening iodination or bromination of unstrained cycloalkanols with NaI or NaBr and PhI(OAc)2 under visible light irradiation is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ling Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yuankai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Bowen Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar R, Sayala KD, Cao Y, Tsarevsky NV. Functionalization of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene using hypervalent iodine compounds with tetrazole ligands. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas, Texas 75275
| | - Kapil Dev Sayala
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas, Texas 75275
| | - Yakun Cao
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas, Texas 75275
| | - Nicolay V. Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas, Texas 75275
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen H, Fan W, Yuan XA, Yu S. Site-selective remote C(sp 3)-H heteroarylation of amides via organic photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4743. [PMID: 31628325 PMCID: PMC6800443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical translocation processes triggered by nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs), such as 1,5-hydrogen atom transfers (1,5-HAT), demonstrated by the well-established Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction, provide an attractive approach for the controllable and selective functionalization of remote inert C(sp3)-H bonds. Here we report an amidyl radical-triggered site-selective remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of amides under organic photoredox conditions. This approach provides a mild and highly regioselective reaction affording remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylated amides at room temperature under transition-metal free, weakly basic, and redox-neutral conditions. Non-prefunctionalized heteroarenes, such as purines, thiazolopyridines, benzoxazole, benzothiazoles, benzothiophene, benzofuran, thiazoles and quinoxalines, can be alkylated directly. Sequential and orthogonal C-H functionalization of different heteroarenes by taking advantage pH value or polarity of radicals has also been achieved. DFT calculations explain and can predict the site-selectivity and reactivity of this reaction. This strategy expands the scope of the Minisci reaction and serves as its alternative and potential complement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Duhamel T, Martínez MD, Sideri IK, Muñiz K. 1,3-Diamine Formation from an Interrupted Hofmann–Löffler Reaction: Iodine Catalyst Turnover through Ritter-Type Amination. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duhamel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avgda. Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Julian Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario D. Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avgda. Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ioanna K. Sideri
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avgda. Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avgda. Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang N, Wu X, Zhu C. Practical, metal-free remote heteroarylation of amides via unactivated C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6915-6919. [PMID: 31391914 PMCID: PMC6640195 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of practical methods for the production of multi-functionalized amides is one of the most important topics in both synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. Disclosed herein is a new, efficient, site-selective heteroarylation of amides via C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. Amidyl radicals are directly generated from the amide N-H bonds under mild conditions, which trigger the subsequent 1,5-HAT process. A wide scope of aliphatic amides including carboxamides, sulfonamides, and phosphoramides are readily modified at remote C(sp3)-H bonds by installing diverse heteroaryl groups. Borne out of pragmatic consideration, this protocol can be used for the late-stage functionalization of amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province , College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China .
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province , College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China .
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province , College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China .
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis Chemistry of Natural Substances , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Science , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kanyiva KS, Tane M, Shibata T. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral 4-Imidazolidinones Using α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Dehydrogenative N–H/C(sp3)–H Coupling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12773-12783. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center of Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Marina Tane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nikolaienko P, Jentsch M, Kale AP, Cai Y, Rueping M. Electrochemical and Scalable Dehydrogenative C(sp
3
)−H Amination via Remote Hydrogen Atom Transfer in Batch and Continuous Flow. Chemistry 2019; 25:7177-7184. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Nikolaienko
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc Jentsch
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH-Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ajit P. Kale
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunfei Cai
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH-Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang F, Stahl SS. Merging Photochemistry with Electrochemistry: Functional-Group Tolerant Electrochemical Amination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6385-6390. [PMID: 30763466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds is of broad interest in the realm of C-H functionalization because of the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles and amines in pharmaceuticals and natural products. Reported here is a combined electrochemical/photochemical method for dehydrogenative C(sp3 )-H/N-H coupling that exhibits good reactivity with both sp2 and sp3 N-H bonds. The results show how use of iodide as an electrochemical mediator, in combination with light-induced cleavage of intermediate N-I bonds, enables the electrochemical process to proceed at low electrode potentials. This approach significantly improves the functional-group compatibility of electrochemical C-H amination, for example, tolerating electron-rich aromatic groups that undergo deleterious side reactions in the presence of high electrode potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang F, Stahl SS. Merging Photochemistry with Electrochemistry: Functional‐Group Tolerant Electrochemical Amination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang H, Zhou Y, Tian P, Jiang C. Copper-Catalyzed Amide Radical-Directed Cyanation of Unactivated Csp3–H Bonds. Org Lett 2019; 21:1921-1925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Peiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Cuiyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bao X, Wang Q, Zhu J. Copper-catalyzed remote C(sp 3)-H azidation and oxidative trifluoromethylation of benzohydrazides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 30770833 PMCID: PMC6377619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) reaction is a prototypical example of radical-based remote functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bond. While 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) of the amidyl radical is thermodynamically favorable and is well-established, the method for the subsequent functionalization of the translocated carbon radical is still limited. We report herein two catalytic remote C(sp3)-H functionalization protocols. Cu(MeCN)4PF6-catalyzed reaction of 2-alkyl benzohydrazides 3 with TMSN3 in the presence of MeCO2OtBu affords the γ-azido amides 4, while CuCl-catalyzed reaction of 3 with Togni's reagent provides 2-(β-trifluoromethylvinyl)benzamides 5 via an oxidative δ-trifluoromethylation of the alkyl group. Mechanistic studies suggest that the γ-azidation of benzohydrazides 3 goes through 1,5-HAT followed by a Cu-mediated azido transfer cascade, while the oxidative δ-trifluoromethylation of 3 proceeds via, after 1,5-HAT process, a radical-polar crossover mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bao
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu K, Wang L, Colón‐Rodríguez S, Flechsig G, Wang T. Amidyl Radical Directed Remote Allylation of Unactivated sp
3
C−H Bonds by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lushun Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Sonivette Colón‐Rodríguez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Gerd‐Uwe Flechsig
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu K, Wang L, Colón‐Rodríguez S, Flechsig G, Wang T. Amidyl Radical Directed Remote Allylation of Unactivated sp
3
C−H Bonds by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1774-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lushun Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Sonivette Colón‐Rodríguez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Gerd‐Uwe Flechsig
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reddy Kandimalla S, Prathima Parvathaneni S, Sabitha G, Subba Reddy BV. Recent Advances in Intramolecular Metal-Free Oxidative C-H Bond Aminations Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satheeshkumar Reddy Kandimalla
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500-007 Hyderabad India
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad-500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| | - Sai Prathima Parvathaneni
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500-007 Hyderabad India
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 78712 Austin, Texas United States
| | - Gowravaram Sabitha
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad-500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| | - B. V. Subba Reddy
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500-007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; 110025 New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kiyokawa K, Nakamura S, Jou K, Iwaida K, Minakata S. Transition-metal-free Intramolecular C–H amination of sulfamate esters and N-alkylsulfamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11782-11785. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-free intramolecular C–H amination of sulfamate esters and N-alkylsulfamides using iodine oxidants, tert-butyl hypoiodite (t-BuOI) and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Shogo Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Jou
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Kohji Iwaida
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang Z, Stateman LM, Nagib DA. δ C-H (hetero)arylation via Cu-catalyzed radical relay. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1207-1211. [PMID: 30774920 PMCID: PMC6349054 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A radical relay strategy has been developed to enable selective δ C–H arylation. The approach employs a chiral copper catalyst, which serves the dual roles of generating an N-centered radical to promote intramolecular H-atom transfer, and then intercepting a distal C-centered radical for C–C bond formation with (hetero)aryl boronic acids.
A Cu-catalyzed strategy has been developed that harnesses a radical relay mechanism to intercept a distal C-centered radical for C–C bond formation. This approach enables selective δ C–H (hetero)arylation of sulfonamides via intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) by an N-centered radical. The radical relay is both initiated and terminated by a Cu catalyst, which enables incorporation of arenes and heteroarenes by cross-coupling with boronic acids. The broad scope and utility of this catalytic method for δ C–H arylation is shown, along with mechanistic probes for selectivity of the HAT mechanism. A catalytic, asymmetric variant is also presented, as well as a method for accessing 1,1-diaryl-pyrrolidines via iterative δ C–H functionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiao Zhang
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Leah M Stateman
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - David A Nagib
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Z, Wang Q, Zhu J. Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Remote C(sp
3
)−H Bonds in Carboxamides and Sulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13288-13292. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kumar R, Vaish A, Runčevski T, Tsarevsky NV. Hypervalent Iodine Compounds with Tetrazole Ligands. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12496-12506. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Avichal Vaish
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Nicolay V. Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Z, Wang Q, Zhu J. Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Remote C(sp
3
)−H Bonds in Carboxamides and Sulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural ProductsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Duhamel T, Stein CJ, Martínez C, Reiher M, Muñiz K. Engineering Molecular Iodine Catalysis for Alkyl–Nitrogen Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duhamel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Short MA, Blackburn JM, Roizen JL. Sulfamate Esters Guide Selective Radical-Mediated Chlorination of Aliphatic C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:296-299. [PMID: 29096044 PMCID: PMC5745255 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Masked alcohols are particularly appealing as directing groups because of the ubiquity of hydroxy groups in organic small molecules. Herein, we disclose a general strategy for aliphatic γ-C(sp3 )-H functionalization guided by a masked alcohol. Specifically, we determine that sulfamate ester derived nitrogen-centered radicals mediate 1,6-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) processes to guide γ-C(sp3 )-H chlorination. This reaction proceeds through a light-initiated radical chain-propagation process and is capable of installing chlorine atoms at primary, secondary, and tertiary centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Short
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| | - J Miles Blackburn
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, NC, 27708-0354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chu JCK, Rovis T. Complementary Strategies for Directed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization: A Comparison of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Carbene/Nitrene Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:62-101. [PMID: 29206316 PMCID: PMC5853126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds streamlines chemical synthesis by allowing the use of simple molecules and providing novel synthetic disconnections. Intensive recent efforts in the development of new reactions based on C-H functionalization have led to its wider adoption across a range of research areas. This Review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of three main approaches: transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer, and transition-metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene transfer, for the directed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds. For each strategy, the scope, the reactivity of different C-H bonds, the position of the reacting C-H bonds relative to the directing group, and stereochemical outcomes are illustrated with examples in the literature. The aim of this Review is to provide guidance for the use of C-H functionalization reactions and inspire future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Short MA, Blackburn JM, Roizen JL. Sulfamate Esters Guide Selective Radical‐Mediated Chlorination of Aliphatic C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Short
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| | - J. Miles Blackburn
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Box 90346 Durham NC 27708-0354 USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chu JCK, Rovis T. Komplementäre Strategien für die dirigierte C(sp3)-H-Funktionalisierung: ein Vergleich von übergangsmetallkatalysierter Aktivierung, Wasserstoffatomtransfer und Carben- oder Nitrentransfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang D, Wang H, Cheng H, Hernández JG, Bolm C. An Iodine-Mediated Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction of Sulfoximines Leading to Dihydroisothiazole Oxides. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Muñiz K, García B, Martínez C, Piccinelli A. Dioxoiodane Compounds as Versatile Sources for Iodine(I) Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 23:1539-1545. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA; Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Belén García
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Alessandro Piccinelli
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Šakić
- University of Zagreb; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Ante Kovačića 1 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry; LMU Muenchen; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 Muenchen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wappes EA, Fosu SC, Chopko TC, Nagib DA. Triiodide-Mediated δ-Amination of Secondary C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9974-8. [PMID: 27384522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cδ -H amination of unactivated, secondary C-H bonds to form a broad range of functionalized pyrrolidines has been developed by a triiodide (I3 (-) )-mediated strategy. By in situ 1) oxidation of sodium iodide and 2) sequestration of the transiently generated iodine (I2 ) as I3 (-) , this approach precludes undesired I2 -mediated decomposition which can otherwise limit synthetic utility to only weak C(sp(3) )-H bonds. The mechanism of this triiodide-mediated cyclization of unbiased, secondary C(sp(3) )-H bonds, by either thermal or photolytic initiation, is supported by NMR and UV/Vis data, as well as intercepted intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A Wappes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stacy C Fosu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Trevor C Chopko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|