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Qiu X, Chong D, Fairbanks AJ. Selective Anomeric Acetylation of Unprotected Sugars with Acetic Anhydride in Water. Org Lett 2023; 25:1989-1993. [PMID: 36912487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected sugars are selectively acetylated simply by stirring in aqueous solution in the presence of acetic anhydride and a weak base such as sodium carbonate. The reaction is selective for acetylation of the anomeric hydroxyl group of mannose, 2-acetamido, and 2-deoxy sugars and can be performed on a large scale. Competitive intramolecular migration of the 1-O-acetate to the 2-hydroxyl group when these two substituents are cis causes over-reaction and the formation of product mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Chong
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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2
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Lu YJ, Lai YH, Lin YY, Wang YC, Liang PH. 2- O- N-Benzylcarbamoyl as a Protecting Group To Promote β-Selective Glycosylation and Its Applications in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3688-3701. [PMID: 29512381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the utility of the N-benzylcarbamoyl (BnCar) protecting group in glycosylation reactions of the parent O-2 protected carbohydrate donor. It was found that the BnCar group imparted exclusively β-selectivity with primary and secondary alcohols. A mechanistic study revealed the activated intermediate to be the glycosyl triflate in a skew conformation, which results in β-selective glycosylation via an SN2-like pathway. The BnCar group can be readily cleaved using tetrabutylammonium nitrite, without affecting ester and ether protecting groups. Taken together, these results show BnCar to be useful for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides, an undertaking that requires delicate chemical differentiation of various protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - You-Yu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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3
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Lim D, Brimble MA, Kowalczyk R, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting-Group-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Glycoconjugates Directly from Reducing Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Lim D, Brimble MA, Kowalczyk R, Watson AJA, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting-group-free one-pot synthesis of glycoconjugates directly from reducing sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11907-11. [PMID: 25199905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of sugars into glycomimetics typically involves multiple protecting-group manipulations. The development of methodology allowing the direct aqueous conversion of free sugars into glycosides, and mimics of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in a high-yielding and stereoselective process is highly desirable. The combined use of 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate and the Cu-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition allowed the synthesis of a range of glycoconjugates in a one-step reaction directly from reducing sugars under aqueous conditions. The reaction, which is completely stereoselective, may be applied to the convergent synthesis of triazole-linked glycosides, oligosaccharides, and glycopeptides. The procedure provides a method for the one-pot aqueous ligation of oligosaccharides and peptides bearing alkyne side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 (New Zealand)
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5
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Akai S, Tanaka R, Hoshi H, Sato KI. Selective Deprotection Method of N-Phenylcarbamoyl Group. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8802-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4007128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Akai
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi,
Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Rika Tanaka
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi,
Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hoshi
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi,
Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Sato
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty
of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi,
Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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6
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Queneau Y, Jarosz S, Lewandowski B, Fitremann J. Sucrose Chemistry and Applications of Sucrochemicals. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2007; 61:217-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(07)61005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Knoben HP, Schlüter U, Redlich H. Synthesis of N-unsubstituted, mono- and disubstituted carbohydrate-1-O-carbamates and their behaviour in glycoside syntheses. Carbohydr Res 2005; 339:2821-33. [PMID: 15582608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 44 1-carbamates from six different 1-O-unprotected carbohydrate derivatives (compounds 1-6), representing typical protecting pattern in glycoside synthesis, are described. The carbamate function is N-unsubstituted (compounds 1b-6b), mono- (compounds a: N-trichloroacetyl, c: N-monochloroacetyl, d: N-acetyl, e: N-ethyl, f: N-allyl, g: N-phenyl) or disubstituted (compounds h: imidazolyl, i: N-diethyl, j: N-diphenyl). Additionally, three N-chlorosulfonyl carbamates are synthesized and used as intermediates for the synthesis of N-unsubstituted compounds b. The accessibility of these compounds is described and compared. Some of the carbamates (1, 4, 5a-j) are used as model compounds for systematic investigations in glycoside syntheses. Selected experimental data (reaction conditions, anomeric ratios, rotation values, selected NMR data) are tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Knoben
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Christian D, Fitremann J, Bouchu A, Queneau Y. Preparation of amphiphilic sucrose carbamates by reaction with alkyl isocyanates in water–alcohol mixtures. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Adams KR, Berenbaum MC, Bonnett R, Nizhnik AN, Salgado A, Vallés MA. Second generation tumour photosensitisers: the synthesis and biological activity of octaalkyl chlorins and bacteriochlorins with graded amphiphilic character. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p19920001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Belkhouya N, Fre´chou C, Benazza M, Beaupe`re D, Uzan R, Demailly G. Halogenation selective en c-6 de 2-amino-2-desoxy-d-glycopyranoses. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Synthese de nouveaux tensioactifs glycosidiques par l'intermediaire de sucres halogenes. Thioethers et sulfones derives de l'α-d-glucoside et l'α-d-mannoside de methyle. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Knapp S, Schreck RP, Carignan YP. A mechanistic study of the reaction of phenyl isocyanate with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1990; 203:290-5. [PMID: 2276125 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903
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Bonnett R, Nizhnik AN, White SG, Berenbaum MC. Porphyrin sensitizers in tumour phototherapy. Novel sensitizers of the chlorin and bacteriochlorin class with amphiphilic properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1990; 6:29-37. [PMID: 2121938 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(90)85071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The requirements for activity in a tumour-photosensitizing drug are outlined. A series of metallo tetrasulphonatophthalocyanines are shown to be inactive in an in vivo assay of tumour photosensitization; however, some less water-soluble compounds (hydroxylated derivatives of octaethylchlorin and octaethylbacteriochlorin) are shown to possess promising activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bonnett
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London U.K
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