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Gordon CP. The renascence of continuous-flow peptide synthesis - an abridged account of solid and solution-based approaches. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:180-196. [PMID: 29255827 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within a decade of Merrifield's seminal description of solid-phase peptide synthesis, the synergies between solid-phase approaches and flow synthesis were noted by a number of groups. However, despite the various advantages flow brings to peptide synthesis, throughout the 1990s and 2000s, interest in the technique was overshadowed by microwave assisted approaches. However, the current expansion of flow technologies has reinvigorated interest in both solid-phase and solution-phase continuous-flow approaches for assembling peptides. This perspective traces the introduction and evolution of continuous-flow solid-phase synthesis from a practical aspect with a particular focus on solid supports, acylation protocols, and racemisation suppression. Practical aspects of solution-phase continuous-flow peptide synthesis are also considered with an evaluation of microreactor systems, coupling protocols, and fragment-based approaches for assembly of extended peptide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag, 1797, Penrith South, DC, Australia.
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Spare LK, Menti M, Harman DG, Aldrich-Wright JR, Gordon CP. A continuous flow protocol to generate, regenerate, load, and recycle chlorotrityl functionalised resins. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From a screen of chlorinating agent concentration, flow rates, and reagent addition methodologies, a continuous flow protocol to activate, reactivate, and recycle both 2-chlorotrityl chloride functionalised polystyrene and trityl-hydroxy ChemMatrix functionalised resins was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Maria Menti
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine
- Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
- Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
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Spare LK, Laude V, Harman DG, Aldrich-Wright JR, Gordon CP. An optimised approach for continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis utilising a rudimentary flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From the repurposing of used HPLC components, a chromatography column, a Rheodyne,® and a heater stirrer, a simple, cost-effective system to conveniently conduct continuous flow solid-phase peptide construction was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Victoire Laude
- Sigma Clermont
- Chemical Engineering Graduate School
- Aubière
- France
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine
- Western Sydney University
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
- School of Medicine
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
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5
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Cho JK, White PD, Klute W, Dean TW, Bradley M. Self-Indicating Resins: Sensor Beads and in Situ Reaction Monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/cc034010i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin K. Cho
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., Merck Biosciences Ltd., Boulevard Industrial Park, Padge Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2JR, U.K., Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter D. White
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., Merck Biosciences Ltd., Boulevard Industrial Park, Padge Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2JR, U.K., Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Klute
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., Merck Biosciences Ltd., Boulevard Industrial Park, Padge Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2JR, U.K., Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tony W. Dean
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., Merck Biosciences Ltd., Boulevard Industrial Park, Padge Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2JR, U.K., Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark Bradley
- Combinatorial Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., Merck Biosciences Ltd., Boulevard Industrial Park, Padge Road, Beeston, Nottingham NG9 2JR, U.K., Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Discovery Research, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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Krchnák V, Vágner J, Novák J, Suchánková A, Roubal J. A general procedure for evaluation of immunological relevance of synthetic peptides: peptides synthesized on paper in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal Biochem 1990; 189:80-3. [PMID: 1703730 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90047-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis has been adapted for synthesis of peptides on a cellulose carrier (Whatman 3MM paper). Paper-bound synthetic peptides that represent antigenic determinants of particular proteins detected antibodies against the respective proteins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The method is applied to the synthesis, and use in site-directed serology, of four peptides derived from the gp41 glycoprotein of HIV, the Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen-1 and VCA proteins of the Epstein-Barr virus, and the early region of human papillomavirus type 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krchnák
- Research Institute for Feed Supplements and Veterinary Drugs, Jílové u Prahy, Czechoslovakia
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7
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Fields GB, Noble RL. Solid phase peptide synthesis utilizing 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:161-214. [PMID: 2191922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1866] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were first used for solid phase peptide synthesis a little more than a decade ago. Since that time, Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis methodology has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of a variety of solid supports, linkages, and side chain protecting groups, as well as by increased understanding of solvation conditions. These advances have led to many impressive syntheses, such as those of biologically active and isotopically labeled peptides and small proteins. The great variety of conditions under which Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis may be carried out represents a truly "orthogonal" scheme, and thus offers many unique opportunities for bioorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Fields
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
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Krchnák V, Vágner J, Mach O. Multiple continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis. Synthesis of an HIV antigenic peptide and its omission analogues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1989; 33:209-13. [PMID: 2714934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis was performed on a standard polystyrene-based resin under low-pressure conditions using a simple manually operated synthesizer. Stable-flow resin-packed columns were prepared in small polypropylene flow reactors, adjustable for volume. The concurrent synthesis of 10 peptides was carried out in flow reactors concatenated together; solvents and reactants were passed through this set of columns using moderate overpressure. One decapeptide, H-Val-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-Asp-Ser-Arg-Asn-Pro-Leu-NH2, containing an antigenic determinant of the p31 protein product of the pol gene of the human immunodeficiency virus, and its nine omission analogues were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krchnák
- Léciva-Pharmaceuticals, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague
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