1
|
Brackmann F, de Meijere A. Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl-Group-Containing α-Amino Acids. 2. 3,4- and 4,5-Methanoamino Acids. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4538-83. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0784083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farina Brackmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomilov YV, Dokitchev VA, Dzhemilev UM, Nefedov OM. Catalytic decomposition of diazomethane as a general method for the methylenation of chemical compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1993v062n09abeh000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
3
|
Morrill C, Beutner GL, Grubbs RH. Rhenium-catalyzed 1,3-isomerization of allylic alcohols: scope and chirality transfer. J Org Chem 2007; 71:7813-25. [PMID: 16995691 DOI: 10.1021/jo061436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scope of the triphenylsilyl perrhennate (O3ReOSiPh3, 1) catalyzed 1,3-isomerization of allylic alcohols has been thoroughly explored. It was found to be effective for a wide variety of secondary and tertiary allylic alcohol substrates bearing aryl, alkyl, and cyano substituents. Two general reaction types were found which gave high levels of product selectivity: those driven by formation of an extended conjugated system and those driven by selective silylation of a particular isomer. The efficiency of chirality transfer with various substrates was investigated, and conditions were found in which secondary and tertiary allylic alcohols could be formed with high levels of enantioselectivity. Consideration of selectivity trends with respect to the nature of the substituents around the allylic system revealed that this is a reliable and predictable method for allylic alcohol synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie Morrill
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oba M, Nishiyama N, Nishiyama K. Novel stereocontrolled approach to conformationally constrained analogues of l-glutamic acid and l-proline via stereoselective cyclopropanation of 3,4-didehydro-l-pyroglutamic ABO ester. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Synthesis of cyclopropanes via organoiron methodology: preparation of 2-(2′-carboxy-3′-ethylcyclopropyl)glycine. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
de Meijere A, Kozhushkov SI. The chemistry of highly strained oligospirocyclopropane systems. Chem Rev 2000; 100:93-142. [PMID: 11749235 DOI: 10.1021/cr960153y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A de Meijere
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cyclopropane Derivatives and their Diverse Biological Activities. SMALL RING COMPOUNDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS VI 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-48255-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
de Meijere A, Ernst K, Zuck B, Brandl M, Kozhushkov SI, Tamm M, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Labahn T. Convenient Syntheses of Novel α- and β-Amino Acids with Spiropentyl Groups. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199911)1999:11<3105::aid-ejoc3105>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Brandl M, Kozhushkov SI, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, de Meijere A. Convenient Preparation of α-Amino Acids with Bicyclopropylidene and Other Methylenecyclopropane Moieties. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199812)1998:12<2785::aid-ejoc2785>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Kozhushkov SI, Brandl M, de Meijere A. Surprisingly Facile Addition of Thiols to the Double Bonds of Bicyclopropylidene and Other Methylenecyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199808)1998:8<1535::aid-ejoc1535>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Demir AS, Tanyeli C, Cagir A, Tahir M, Ulku D. Novel enantioselective synthesis of trans-α-(2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl)glycines: conformationally constrained l-glutamate analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Study of the reactivity profile of glycine schiff's bases with dipolarophiles: Application towards a concise synthesis of CCG-II. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Synthesis of (E)-?-hydroxy-?,?-dehydro?-amino acids, a new class of vinylglycines by the rearrangement of? acetoxyallylglycine derivatives. Amino Acids 1995; 9:317-25. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/1995] [Accepted: 06/12/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Alcaraz C, Bernabé M. Asymmetric synthesis of the natural diastereoisomer of trans-α-(2-carboxymethylcyclopropyl)glycine isolated from Blighia unijugata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Hayashi Y, Tanabe Y, Aramori I, Masu M, Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y, Nakanishi S. Agonist analysis of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine isomers for cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 107:539-43. [PMID: 1330184 PMCID: PMC1907872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb12780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
1. 2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycines (CCGs) are conformationally restricted glutamate analogues and consist of eight isomers including L- and D-forms. The agonist potencies and selectivities of these compounds for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were studied by examining their effects on the signal transduction of representative mGluR1, mGluR2 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the individual cloned receptors. 2. Two extended isomers of L-CCG, L-CCG-I and L-CCG-II, effectively stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in mGluR1-expressing cells. The rank order of potencies of these compounds was L-glutamate > L-CCG-I > L-CCG-II. 3. L-CCG-I and L-CCG-II were effective in inhibiting the forskolin-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in mGluR2-expressing cells. Particularly, L-CCG-I was a potent agonist for mGluR2 with an EC50 value of 3 x 10(-7) M, which was more than an order of potency greater than that of L-glutamate. 4. L-CCG-I evoked an inhibition of the forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production characteristic of mGluR4 with a potency comparable to L-glutamate. 5. In contrast to the above compounds, the other CCG isomers showed no appreciable effects on the signal transduction involved in the three mGluR subtypes. 6. This investigation demonstrates not only the importance of a particular isomeric structure of CCGs in the interaction with the mGluRs but also a clear receptor subtype specificity for the CCG-receptor interaction, and indicates that the CCG isomers would serve as useful agonists for investigation of functions of the mGluR family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hayashi
- Institute for Immunology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Wessjohann L, Krass N, Yu D, Meijere AD. A New Versatile Synthesis of Ring-Substituted 2-Cyclopropylglycines and Related Amino Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921250418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Kawai M, Horikawa Y, Ishihara T, Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y. 2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycines: binding, neurotoxicity and induction of intracellular free Ca2+ increase. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 211:195-202. [PMID: 1319341 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90529-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory actions of the eight stereoisomers of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG), conformationally rigid glutamate analogues, were analyzed for the glutamate receptor subtypes by means of binding assays with rat brain membranes. All CCG isomers inhibited the binding of [3H]3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid ([3H]CPP) to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The (2S,3R,4S) isomer (L-CCG-IV) was the most potent agonist for the NMDA receptor and its binding potency was 17- and 790-fold higher than that of L-glutamate and NMDA, respectively. The (2S,3S,4R) isomer (L-CCG-III) showed a potent inhibitory activity for [3H]D-aspartate uptake. Further, L-CCG-IV caused a marked increase of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and potent neurotoxicity in the single rat cerebral cortical neurons in vitro, and both were blocked effectively by the NMDA antagonists. Significant correlations were observed between neurotoxicity and the increase of [Ca2+]i and [3H]CPP binding affinity to the NMDA receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kawai
- Suntory Institute for Biomedical Research, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Frutos MPD, Fernández MD, Fernández-Alvarez E, Bernabé* M. Synthesis of asymmetric (E)-α-–phenyl(ethyl)cyclopropylλycines from serine by diastereoselective dibromocylopropanation. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Ishida M, Ohfune Y, Shimada Y, Shimamoto K, Shinozaki H. Changes in preference for receptor subtypes of configurational variants of a glutamate analog: conversion from the NMDA-type to the non-NMDA type. Brain Res 1991; 550:152-6. [PMID: 1653635 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The (2S,3R,4S) isomer of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycines (CCG) (L-CCG-IV) is a potent NMDA-type agonist in the mammalian central nervous system. L-CCG-IV is a conformationally restricted glutamate analogue in which the cyclopropyl group fixes the glutamate chain, and closely mimics the folded conformation of L-glutamate. (6R)-Substituted L-CCG-IV, however, demonstrated pharmacological properties of non-NMDA type agonists in the newborn rat spinal motoneuron while (6S)-CCG derivatives showed similar properties to the parent compound, L-CCG-IV. In the dorsal root fiber of newborn rats, (6R)-methoxymethyl and benzyloxymethyl substituted L-CCG-IV caused kainate-like depolarization. The depolarizing potency of (6R)-benzyloxymethyl substituted L-CCG-IV was slightly lower than that of kainate, demonstrating a relatively high potency.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic/chemistry
- Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Evoked Potentials/drug effects
- Glutamates/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isomerism
- Kainic Acid/pharmacology
- Molecular Conformation
- Motor Neurons/drug effects
- Motor Neurons/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Glutamate
- Receptors, Kainic Acid
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/physiology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ishida
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Frutos MP, Fernández MD, Fernández-Alvarez E, Bernabe M. Synthesis of asymmetric (E)-α-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)glycines. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Yamaguchi M, Torisu K, Minami T. threo-Selective Michael Addition ofN,N-Dibenzylglycinate and Alaninate Enolates to α,β-Unsaturated Esters. A Concise and Stereoselective Synthesis of (±)-CCG-II. CHEM LETT 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1990.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
26
|
New potent excitatory amino acids and marked potentiation of glutamate responses: Pharmacology of conformationally restricted glutamate analogues. Amino Acids 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2262-7_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y. Syntheses of 3′-substituted-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycines via intramolecular cyclopropanation. The folded form of L-glutamate activates the Non-NMda receptor subtype. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Shinozaki H, Ishida M, Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y. Potent NMDA-like actions and potentiation of glutamate responses by conformational variants of a glutamate analogue in the rat spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 98:1213-24. [PMID: 2692753 PMCID: PMC1854833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Neuropharmacological actions of all possible-state isomers of alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG), conformationally restricted analogues of glutamate, were examined for electrophysiological effects in the isolated spinal cord of the newborn rat. 2. Eight CCG stereoisomers demonstrated a large variety of depolarizing activities. Among them, the (2R, 3S, 4S) isomers of CCG (D-CCG-II) showed the most potent depolarizing activity, followed by the (2S, 3R, 4S) isomer (L-CCG-IV). 3. The depolarization evoked by L-CCG-IV, D-CCG-II and other D-CCG isomers was effectively depressed by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. D-CCG-II was about 5 times more potent than NMDA in causing a depolarization. 4. The (2S, 3S, 4S) isomer of CCG (L-CCG-I) was more potent than L-glutamate in causing a depolarization of spinal motoneurones. The depolarization was slightly depressed by NMDA antagonists, but residual amplitudes of responses to L-CCG-I in the presence of NMDA antagonists We almost insensitive to 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), suggesting that L-CCG-I might be a novel potent agonist. 5. After application of the (2S, 3S, 4R) isomer of CCG (L-CCG-III), responses to L-glutamate, D- and L-aspartate were markedly enhanced. The enhancement lasted for a period of several hours without a further application of L-CCG-III. 6. L-CCG-III also caused a depolarization, but it seemed unlikely that the potentiation of the glutamate response was directly related to the depolarization evoked by L-CCG-III. 7. The potentiation might be due to inhibition of uptake processes, but L-CCG-III was superior to L-(-)-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, a potent uptake inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate, in enhancing the response to L-glutamate in terms of amplitude and duration of responses. 8. CCG isomers should provide useful pharmacological tools for analysis of glutamate neurotransmitter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Shinozaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shinozaki H, Ishida M, Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y. A conformationally restricted analogue of L-glutamate, the (2S,3R,4S) isomer of L-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, activates the NMDA-type receptor more markedly than NMDA in the isolated rat spinal cord. Brain Res 1989; 480:355-9. [PMID: 2565750 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Depolarizing actions of 4 conformationally restricted L-glutamate analogues, (2S,3S,4S) isomer (L-CCG-I), (2S,3R,4R) isomer (L-CCG-II), (2S,3S,4R) isomer (L-CCG-III) and (2S,3R,4S) isomer (L-CCG-IV) of L-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (L-CCG), were investigated in the isolated rat spinal cord by extracellular recordings of potential changes of motoneurones from the ventral roots, in order to study the interaction between the conformation of glutamate and its receptor subtype. The order of the depolarizing activity was quisqualate greater than L-CCG-IV = kainate greater than NMDA greater than L-CCG-I greater than L-CCG-III greater than L-CCG-II. The depolarization caused by L-CCG-IV was effectively blocked by the NMDA antagonists and Mg2+ ions, while the L-CCG-I response was not affected by these blockers. These results suggest that the NMDA-type receptor is activated by a folded form of L-glutamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Shinozaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernández MD, de Frutos MP, Marco JL, Fernández-Alvarez E, Bernabé M. Synthesis of asymmetric 1-amino-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids by diastereoselective cyclopropanation of highly functionalized homochiral olefines. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
32
|
Yamanoi K, Ohfune Y, Watanabe K, Li PN, Takeuchi H. Synthesis of trans and cis-α-(car☐ycyclopropyl)glycines. Novel neuroinhibitory amino acids as L-glutamate analogue. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)86682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|