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Structural diversity, bioactivity, and biosynthesis of phosphoglycolipid family antibiotics: recent advances. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100065. [PMID: 37082588 PMCID: PMC10074958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Moenomycins, such as moenomycin A, are phosphoglycolipid specialized metabolites produced by a number of actinobacterial species. They are among the most potent antibacterial compounds known to date, which drew numerous studies directed at various aspects of the chemistry and biology of moenomycins. In this review, we outline the advances in moenomycin research over the last decade. We focus on biological aspects, highlighting the contribution of the novel methods of genomics and molecular biology to the deciphering of the biosynthesis and activity of moenomycins. Specifically, we describe the structural diversity of moenomycins as well as the underlying genomic variations in moenomycin biosynthetic gene clusters. We also describe the most recent data on the mechanism of action and assembly of complicated phosphoglycolipid scaffold. We conclude with the description of the genetic control of moenomycin production by Streptomyces bacteria and a brief outlook on future developments.
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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Zhang L, Chen C, Ko T, Huang J, Zheng Y, Liu W, Wang I, Malwal SR, Feng X, Wang K, Huang C, Hsu SD, Wang AH, Oldfield E, Guo R. Moenomycin Biosynthesis: Structure and Mechanism of Action of the Prenyltransferase MoeN5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Zhang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Chun‐Chi Chen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Tzu‐Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | | | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Iren Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Satish R. Malwal
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Chun‐Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | | | - Andrew H.‐J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Rey‐Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
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Zhang L, Chen CC, Ko TP, Huang JW, Zheng Y, Liu W, Wang I, Malwal SR, Feng X, Wang K, Huang CH, Hsu STD, Wang AHJ, Oldfield E, Guo RT. Moenomycin Biosynthesis: Structure and Mechanism of Action of the Prenyltransferase MoeN5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4716-20. [PMID: 26954060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of MoeN5, a unique prenyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic moenomycin, is reported. MoeN5 catalyzes the reaction of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) with the cis-farnesyl group in phosphoglycolipid 5 to form the (C25) moenocinyl-sidechain-containing lipid 7. GPP binds to an allylic site (S1) and aligns well with known S1 inhibitors. Alkyl glycosides, glycolipids, can bind to both S1 and a second site, S2. Long sidechains in S2 are "bent" and co-locate with the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl diphosphate in other prenyltransferases. These observations support a MoeN5 mechanism in which 5 binds to S2 with its C6-C11 group poised to attack C1 in GPP to form the moenocinyl sidechain, with the more distal regions of 5 aligning with the distal glucose in decyl maltoside. The results are of general interest because they provide the first structures of MoeN5 and a structural basis for its mechanism of action, results that will facilitate the design of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Zhang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- AsiaPac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Iren Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Ostash B, Campbell J, Luzhetskyy A, Walker S. MoeH5: a natural glycorandomizer from the moenomycin biosynthetic pathway. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:1324-38. [PMID: 24164498 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the phosphoglycolipid antibiotic moenomycin A attracts the attention of researchers hoping to develop new moenomycin-based antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-positive infections. There is detailed understanding of most steps of this biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC14672), except for the ultimate stage, where a single pentasaccharide intermediate is converted into a set of unusually modified final products. Here we report that only one gene, moeH5, encoding a homologue of the glutamine amidotransferase (GAT) enzyme superfamily, is responsible for the observed diversity of terminally decorated moenomycins. Genetic and biochemical evidence support the idea that MoeH5 is a novel member of the GAT superfamily, whose homologues are involved in the synthesis of various secondary metabolites as well as K and O antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of MoeH5 and its counterparts, and give us a new tool for the diversification of phosphoglycolipid antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevskoho st., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Hog DT, Webster R, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches toward sesterterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:752-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ostash B, Walker S. Moenomycin family antibiotics: chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1594-617. [PMID: 20730219 PMCID: PMC2987538 DOI: 10.1039/c001461n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The review (with 214 references cited) is devoted to moenomycins, the only known group of antibiotics that directly inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan glycosytransferases. Naturally occurring moenomycins and chemical and biological approaches to their derivatives are described. The biological properties of moenomycins and plausible mechanisms of bacterial resistance to them are also covered here, portraying a complete picture of the chemistry and biology of these fascinating natural products
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Armenise Bldg. 2, Rm 630, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hilt G, Treutwein J. Cobalt-catalysed hydrovinylation as the key step in a short synthesis of moenocinol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1395-7. [PMID: 19259599 DOI: 10.1039/b822023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regio- and chemoselective cobalt(I)-catalysed 1,4-hydrovinylation reaction is the key step in the straightforward and convergent synthesis of moenocinol, the aglycone of moenomycin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Ostash B, Saghatelian A, Walker S. A streamlined metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of moenomycin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:257-67. [PMID: 17379141 PMCID: PMC1936435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Moenomycin A (MmA) is a member of the phosphoglycolipid family of antibiotics, which are the only natural products known to directly target the extracellular peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases involved in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The structural and biological uniqueness of MmA make it an attractive starting point for the development of new antibacterial drugs. In order both to elucidate the biosynthesis of this unusual compound and to develop tools to manipulate its structure, we have identified the MmA biosynthetic genes in Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC14672). We show via heterologous expression of a subset of moe genes that the economy of the MmA pathway is enabled through the use of sugar-nucleotide and isoprenoid building blocks derived from primary metabolism. The work reported lays the foundation for genetic engineering of MmA biosynthesis to produce novel derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- * Corresponding author: Suzanne Walker, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Room 630, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Phone: 617-432-5488, Fax: 617-738-7664,
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Welzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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Neundorf I, Köhler C, Hennig L, Findeisen M, Arigoni D, Welzel P. Evidence for the combined participation of a C10 and a C15 precursor in the biosynthesis of moenocinol, the lipid part of the moenomycin antibiotics. Chembiochem 2004; 4:1201-5. [PMID: 14613112 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upon feeding of [2-(13)C,4-(2)H]-1-deoxy-D-xylulose to Streptomyces ghanaensis, the deuterium label was retained exclusively at positions C-7 and C-17 in the moenocinol part of the moenomycin antibiotics. This result vindicates the hypothesis that the C(25) structure of moenocinol is assembled from a C(10) and a C(15) precursor, each of which requires for its formation the involvement of a dimethylallyl diphosphate starter unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Neundorf
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Giner JL, Ferris WV, Mullins JJ. Synthesis of 2-methyl-D-erythritol via epoxy ester-orthoester rearrangement. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4856-9. [PMID: 12098298 DOI: 10.1021/jo020168y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biomimetic epoxy ester[bond]orthoester rearrangement has been applied to a new synthesis of 2-methyl-D-erythritol, a branched five-carbon sugar of importance to the deoxyxylulose pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The intermediate orthoacetate is one of the few [2.2.1]-orthoesters to have been reported. Labeling studies with O-18 indicated that this reaction proceeds exclusively via a 5-exo cyclization. NMR analysis of chiral esters indicated an ee of 87% for the starting epoxide and an ee of 86% for the product. This route represents a rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of 2-methyl-D-erythritol and is expected to be useful for generating isotopically labeled intermediates for biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Giner
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
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A convenient synthesis of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl pyrophosphate and its [4-13C]-labeled form. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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