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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Kittaka A. Efficient Stereo-Selective Fluorination on Vitamin D 3 Side-Chain Using Electrophilic Fluorination. Biomolecules 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 38254637 PMCID: PMC10812995 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research regarding side-chain fluorinated vitamin D3 analogues has explored a series of efficient fluorination methods. In this study, a new electrophilic stereo-selective fluorination methodology at C24 and C22 positions of the vitamin D3 side-chain was developed using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) and CD-ring imides with an Evans chiral auxiliary (26,27,30).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (F.K.); (S.M.)
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2
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Maestro MA, Seoane S. The Centennial Collection of VDR Ligands: Metabolites, Analogs, Hybrids and Non-Secosteroidal Ligands. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224927. [PMID: 36432615 PMCID: PMC9692999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D a century ago, a great number of metabolites, analogs, hybrids and nonsteroidal VDR ligands have been developed. An enormous effort has been made to synthesize compounds which present beneficial properties while attaining lower calcium serum levels than calcitriol. This structural review covers VDR ligands published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15005 Santiago, Spain
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3
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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Yasuda K, Mano H, Sakaki T, Kittaka A. Stereoselective Synthesis of 24-Fluoro-25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Analogues and Their Stability to hCYP24A1-Dependent Catabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111863. [PMID: 34769295 PMCID: PMC8584271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 24-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogues (3,4) were synthesized in a convergent manner. The introduction of a stereocenter to the vitamin D3 side-chain C24 position was achieved via Sharpless dihydroxylation, and a deoxyfluorination reaction was utilized for the fluorination step. Comparison between (24R)- and (24S)-24-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 revealed that the C24-R-configuration isomer 4 was more resistant to CYP24A1-dependent metabolism than its 24S-isomer 3. The new synthetic route of the CYP24A1 main metabolite (24R)-24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (6) and its 24S-isomer (5) was also studied using synthetic intermediates (30,31) in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (F.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sayuri Mototani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (F.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiroki Mano
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (F.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-8109; Fax: +81-3-3964-8117
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Pontini L, Marinozzi M. Novel Synthetic Access to 24a-Homochol-5-en-24a-oate Scaffold from Stigmasterol. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.1974260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pontini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Kittaka A. Design and Synthesis of Fluoro Analogues of Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158191. [PMID: 34360956 PMCID: PMC8348876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a large variety of functions of vitamin D3 and its metabolites has led to the design and synthesis of a vast amount of vitamin D3 analogues in order to increase the potency and reduce toxicity. The introduction of highly electronegative fluorine atom(s) into vitamin D3 skeletons alters their physical and chemical properties. To date, many fluorinated vitamin D3 analogues have been designed and synthesized. This review summarizes the molecular structures of fluoro-containing vitamin D3 analogues and their synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-8109; Fax: +81-3-3964-8117
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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Yasuda K, Nagasawa K, Uesugi M, Sakaki T, Kittaka A. Introduction of fluorine atoms to vitamin D 3 side-chain and synthesis of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105477. [PMID: 31541729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During our ongoing studies of vitamin D, we focused on the vitamin D3 side-chain 24-position, which is the major metabolic site of human CYP24A1. In order to inhibit the metabolism of vitamin D3, 24,24-difluorovitamin D3analogues are important candidates. In this paper, we report the practical introduction of the difluoro-unit to the 24-position to synthesize 24,24-difluoro-CD ring (1) and 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; AMED-CREST, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
| | - Sayuri Mototani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- AMED-CREST, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- AMED-CREST, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; AMED-CREST, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan.
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Ameenuddin S, Sunde ML, Cook ME. Essentiality of Vitamin D3and its Metabolites in Poultry Nutrition: A Review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19850005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ameenuddin
- Department of Poultry Science University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - M. L. Sunde
- Department of Poultry Science University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - M. E. Cook
- Department of Poultry Science University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Kawagoe F, Yasuda K, Mototani S, Sugiyama T, Uesugi M, Sakaki T, Kittaka A. Synthesis and CYP24A1-Dependent Metabolism of 23-Fluorinated Vitamin D 3 Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11332-11337. [PMID: 31460236 PMCID: PMC6648426 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel 23-fluorinated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogues were synthesized using Inhoffen-Lythgoe diol as a precursor of the CD-ring, efficiently. Introduction of the C23 fluoro group was achieved by the deoxy-fluorination reaction using N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride or 2-pyridinesulfonyl fluoride (PyFluor). Kinetic studies on the CYP24A1-dependent metabolism of these two analogues revealed that (23S)-23-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was more resistant to CYP24A1-dependent metabolism than its 23R isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- AMED-CREST, The
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
(AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Faculty
of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Sayuri Mototani
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- AMED-CREST, The
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
(AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Faculty
of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- AMED-CREST, The
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
(AMED), Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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9
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Kumar R, Tebben PJ, Thompson JR. Vitamin D and the kidney. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:77-86. [PMID: 22426203 PMCID: PMC3361542 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is essential for the maintenance of normal calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Calcium and inorganic phosphorus are filtered at the glomerulus, and are reabsorbed from tubular segments by transporters and channels which are regulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1α,25(OH)(2)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The kidney is the major site of the synthesis of 1α,25(OH)(2)D under physiologic conditions, and is one of the sites of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) synthesis. The activity of the 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase, the mixed function oxidase responsible for the synthesis of 1α,25(OH)(2)D, is regulated by PTH, 1α,25(OH)(2)D, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), inorganic phosphorus and other growth factors. Additionally, the vitamin D receptor which binds to, and mediates the activity of 1α,25(OH)(2)D, is widely distributed in the kidney. Thus, the kidney, by regulating multiple transport and synthetic processes is indispensible in the maintenance of mineral homeostasis in physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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10
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15th Anniversary of the synthesis of the first fluorine analogue of vitamin D3 chemical and biological aspects of the problem. Chem Nat Compd 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00630067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Ikekawa N. Structures and biological activities of vitamin D metabolites and their analogs. Med Res Rev 1987; 7:333-66. [PMID: 3306217 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610070304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Miyamoto K, Kubodera N, Murayama E, Ochi K, Mori T, Matsunaga I. Synthetic Studies on Vitamin D Analogues VI. A New Synthesis of 25-Hydroxycholesterol from Lithocholic Acid. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918608078765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Abstract
It is now accepted that vitamin D is an integral part of a complex endocrine system, one with far-reaching implications in mineral metabolism. Reviews of the sources, functions and metabolism of vitamin D, as currently understood, are presented as a prelude to discussions of the role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphorous homeostatis and possible specific roles for vitamin D in mineralized tissues. Data describing a possible regulatory function for vitamin D in bone and bone protein metabolism are presented. Some of the controversy which presently exists regarding the biochemical mechanism of the action of this vitamin is discussed. Finally, the possible relationship of vitamin D and disorders of skeletal tissues is described.
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Tanaka Y, DeLuca HF, Kobayashi Y, Ikekawa N. 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a highly potent, long-lasting analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 229:348-54. [PMID: 6322691 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new fluoro analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, i.e., 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, has been compared with the native hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, in its biological potency, duration of action, and binding to the vitamin D transport protein and intestinal receptor protein. The fluoro analog is about 5 times more active than the native hormone in healing rickets and elevating serum inorganic phosphorus levels of rachitic rats. It is about 10 times more active than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in increasing intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization of vitamin D-deficient rats fed a low-calcium diet. Furthermore, the higher biopotency is manifested in animals after oral dosing. Of great importance is that the action of the fluoro analog is longer lasting than that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This is especially apparent in the elevation of serum phosphorus and bone mineralization responses. The fluoro analog is only slightly less competent than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in binding to the vitamin D transport protein in rat blood, and is one-third as competent as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in binding to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These results suggest that the basis for increased potency of this analog is likely the result of less rapid metabolism.
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Tanaka Y, Wichmann JK, De Luca HF, Kobayashi Y, Ikekawa N. Metabolism and binding properties of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1983; 225:649-55. [PMID: 6688712 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate possible functional roles for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been synthesized and shown to be equally as active as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in all known functions of vitamin D. The use of the difluoro compound for this purpose is based on the assumption that the C-F bonds are stable in vivo and that the fluorine atom does not act as hydroxyl in biological systems. No 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was detected in the serum obtained from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been given 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, while large amounts were found when 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was given. Incubation of the 24,24-difluoro compound with kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-replete chickens failed to produce 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, while the same preparations produced large amounts of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-deficient chickens produced 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. In binding to the plasma transport protein for vitamin D compounds, 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is less active than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In binding to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor, 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is more active than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 which is itself more active than 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is equal to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and both are 10 times more active than 1,24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in this system. These results provide strong evidence that the C-24 carbon of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be hydroxylated in vivo, and, further, the 24-F substitution acts similar to H and not to OH in discriminating binding systems for vitamin D compounds.
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Abstract
Many analogues of vitamin D metabolites including stereochemical isomers and fluorine substituents were synthesized, and their biological activities were determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. Among those analogues, 24,24-F2-1,25-(OH)2D3 and 26,26,26,27,27,27-F6-1,25-(OH)2D3 are more active than the most potent naturally occurring vitamin D3 metabolite, 1,25-(OH)2D3.
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Abstract
Vitamin D produced in the skin and absorbed in the small intestine must be modified metabolically before it can function. It is ultimately converted to a hormone in the kidney that stimulates intestine, bone and kidney to mobilize calcium and phosphorus. This results in normal bone development and normal neuromuscular function. The vitamin D hormone appears to act by a nuclear mechanism to facilitate a target organ response. Finally the vitamin D hormone is produced in response to the need for calcium and phosphorus. The calcium need is interpreted by the parathyroid gland that in turn secretes parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates production of the vitamin D hormone. This constitutes the vitamin D endocrine system that plays an important role not only in calcium homeostasis but in phosphate homeostasis and in calcium economy of the body. A number of disease states including hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, certain types of vitamin D-resistant rickets and osteoporosis can in part be related to disturbance in the vitamin D endocrine system. Thus measurement of the vitamin D hormone and its precursor will be of great value in diagnosis of metabolic bone disease and most importantly, the availability of new vitamin D compounds will play an important role in the treatment of these bone diseases.
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Corradino RA, Ikekawa N, DeLuca HF. Induction of calcium-binding protein in organ-cultured chick intestine by fluoro analogs of vitamin D3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 208:273-7. [PMID: 6266342 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Miller SC, Halloran BP, DeLuca HF, Yamada S, Takayama H, Jee WS. Studies on the role of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D in the mineralization of cartilage and bone of vitamin D-deficient rats. Calcif Tissue Int 1981; 33:489-97. [PMID: 6274486 DOI: 10.1007/bf02409479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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DeLuca HF. William C. Rose lectureship in biochemistry and nutrition. Some new concepts emanating from a study of the metabolism and function of Vitamin D. Nutr Rev 1980; 38:169-82. [PMID: 7010229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1980.tb05887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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26
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Tanaka Y, Deluca HF, Schnoes HK, Ikekawa N, Kobayashi Y. 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: in vitro production, isolation, and biological activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 199:473-8. [PMID: 7362240 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Kobayashi Y, Taguchi T, Morikawa T, Takase T, Takanashi H. Ring opening reaction of gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones with nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chapter 30. Vitamin D Metabolites and Their Analogs. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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