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Rajemiarimoelisoa CF, Boyère C, Pellissier L, Peuchmaur M, Randrianarivo HR, Rakoto DAD, Jeannoda VL, Boumendjel A. Chemical composition of the pods of Albizia polyphylla. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1557-60. [PMID: 26571367 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the presence of alkaloids belonging to β-carboline type in the pods of the endemic Albizia polyphylla from Madagascar. Three major alkaloids were isolated and structurally identified as: 1-methyl-β-carboline, (+)-(R)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline and (-)-(S)-1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Boyère
- b Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063 , Grenoble , France
| | - Léonie Pellissier
- b Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063 , Grenoble , France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- b Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063 , Grenoble , France
| | - Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo
- c Faculty of Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry Department , University of Antananarivo , Antananarivo , Madagascar
| | - Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto
- c Faculty of Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry Department , University of Antananarivo , Antananarivo , Madagascar
| | - Victor Louis Jeannoda
- c Faculty of Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry Department , University of Antananarivo , Antananarivo , Madagascar
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- b Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire , Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063 , Grenoble , France
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2
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Orejarena Pacheco JC, Lahm G, Opatz T. Synthesis of Alkaloids by Stevens Rearrangement of Nitrile-Stabilized Ammonium Ylides: (±)-Laudanosine, (±)-Laudanidine, (±)-Armepavine, (±)-7-Methoxycryptopleurine, and (±)-Xylopinine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4985-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400659n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Günther Lahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Cannon JS, Overman LE. Is there no end to the total syntheses of strychnine? Lessons learned in strategy and tactics in total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4288-311. [PMID: 22431197 PMCID: PMC3804246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From the 19th century to the present, the complex indole alkaloid strychnine has engaged the chemical community. In this Review, we examine why strychnine has been and remains today an important target for directed synthesis efforts. A selection of the diverse syntheses of strychnine is discussed with the aim of identifying their influence on the evolution of the strategy and tactics of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Cannon
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025 (USA)
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4
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Cannon JS, Overman LE. Kein Ende für Totalsynthesen von Strychnin in Sicht? Lektionen für Strategien und Methoden in der Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Gurram M, Gyimóthy B, Wang R, Lam SQ, Ahmed F, Herr RJ. Concise Enantiospecific, Stereoselective Syntheses of (+)-Crispine A and Its (−)-Antipode. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1605-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahender Gurram
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Balázs Gyimóthy
- Chemistry & Innovation Department, AMRI, Záhony utca 7, H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Sang Q. Lam
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - Feryan Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
| | - R. Jason Herr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc. (AMRI), P.O. Box 15098, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12212-5098, United States
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6
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Czarnocki Z, Maclean DB, Szarek WA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: (R)- and (S)-2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-Formyl-6, 7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline as Versatile Precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19860950905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Shahane S, Louafi F, Moreau J, Hurvois JP, Renaud JL, van de Weghe P, Roisnel T. Synthesis of Alkaloids ofGalipea officinalisby Alkylation of an α-Amino Nitrile. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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9
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Berkoff CE, Rivard DE, Kirkpatrick D, Ives JL. The Reductive Decyanation of Nitriles by Alkali Fusion. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918008061855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Beaufort-Droal V, Pereira E, Théry V, Aitken DJ. Preparation of non-racemic single-stereocentre α-aminonitriles and a study of their fate in Bruylants reactions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Heureux N, Wouters J, Norberg B, Markó IE. Short, asymmetric synthesis of epi-morphine ACNO analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3898-900. [PMID: 17047868 DOI: 10.1039/b610148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient asymmetric synthesis of ACNO analogues of morphine is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Heureux
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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François D, Poupon E, Kunesch N, Husson HP. Reductive and Oxidative Transformations of theN-(Cyanomethyl)oxazolidine System to Expand the Chiral Pool of Piperidines. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Adachi J, Asano M, Ueno Y. Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids and contaminants of L-tryptophan. J Chromatogr A 2000; 881:501-15. [PMID: 10905731 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the separation, identification, and quantitative assay of contaminants of L-tryptophan implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) are described. Propylsulfonic acid (PRS), benzenesulfonic acid (SCX), and octyl-derivatized silica (C8) bonded-phase cartridges were used for the separation; LC-MS and GC-MS for identification; and HPLC-UV-fluorescence detection for quantitative analyses of norharman, harman, tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA), 1-methyltetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA), 1,1'-ethylidenbis(tryptophan) (EBT), and 3-(phenylamino)alanine (PAA). The tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of these contaminants of L-tryptophan associated with EMS after acute and chronic dosage regimens are described. Considerable amounts of EBT were observed in the large intestine of rats administered EBT, showing a transfer without decomposition in gastric fluid. In addition, MTCA was detected in the blood and urine as well as the organs of rats treated with EBT, suggesting MTCA as a major metabolite of EBT. PAA accumulated markedly in the brain, among the organs of rats, after both acute and chronic administration of PAA, while MTCA accumulated in the kidneys of rats after chronic dosage of MTCA. Ethanol and/or acetaldehyde-induced formation of MTCA, as well as tryptophan-induced formation of TCCA, occurred endogenously in man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
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14
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Enders D, Kirchhoff J, Gerdes P, Mannes D, Raabe G, Runsink J, Boche G, Marsch M, Ahlbrecht H, Sommer H. Structure and Reactivity of Lithiated α-Amino Nitriles. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199801)1998:1<63::aid-ejoc63>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Gutsche B, Herderich M. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1997; 767:101-6. [PMID: 9177007 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)01071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method is described for the detection of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography. In combination with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) detection limits of 3 ng ml-1 (ca. 75 fmol on column) were established by the use of model solutions. Due to the excellent selectivity and sensitivity of SRM no sample preparation step was required prior to analysis of food samples. In addition, any artifactual formation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines could be excluded. Application of the method revealed that all food samples analyzed contained both tetrahydro-beta-carboline-carboxylic acids at ng ml-1 to microgram ml-1 concentrations, whereas 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- beta-carboline was identified in most samples as a minor constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutsche
- Lehrstuchl für Lebensmittelcheniie, Universitat Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Simat T, van Wickern B, Eulitz K, Steinhart EH. Contaminants in biotechnologically manufactured L-tryptophan. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 685:41-51. [PMID: 8930752 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(96)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic outbreak of a new disease, the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), was traced back to the intake of L-tryptophan (Trp) of certain lots from a single manufacturer. Since some trace contaminants were related to EMS, it appeared to be necessary to identify and find the origin of most trace contaminants in the EMS related Trp in order to apply this knowledge to a prospective manufacturing practice. Seventeen contaminants were determined in an implicated Trp lot by a single reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography run using UV and fluorescence detection. Most of these contaminants were classified as Trp metabolites, non-physiological oxidation or carbonyl condensation compounds of Trp. The amount and the pattern of contaminants were compared with recently manufactured Trp and Trp-containing preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Simat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Mattalia JM, Berchadsky Y, Péralez E, Négrel JC, Tordo P, Chanon M. Occurence of a radical intermediate during the reductive decyanation of an α-sulfonitrile with LiAlH4. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Pellegrini C, Strässler C, Weber M, Borschberg HJ. Synthesis of the oxindole alkaloid (−)-horsfiline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)86273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Waldmann H, Schmidt G, Jansen M, Geb J. Asymmetric steering of the Pictet-Spengler reaction by means of amino acid esters as chiral auxiliary groups. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Waldmann H, Schmidt G, Jansen M, Geb J. Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reactions employing amino acid esters as mediators of selectivity. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Adachi J, Naito T, Ueno Y, Ogawa Y, Ninomiya I, Tatsuno Y. Metabolism and distribution in the rat of peak E substance, a constituent in L-tryptophan product implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Arch Toxicol 1993; 67:284-9. [PMID: 8517785 DOI: 10.1007/bf01974348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peak E substance, 1,1'-ethylidenebis[tryptophan], a contaminant found in L-tryptophan tablets, has been suggested as a causative agent for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). Peak E substance (50 mg/kg) was administered perorally to Wistar rats to determine its metabolism and distribution. A purification procedure using Bond Elut C8 cartridges followed by HPLC was developed for the determination of peak E substance. The plasma concentration of peak E substance was 136 ng/ml at 1 h, and urinary excretion was 717 ng at 5 h and 10342 ng for 5-24 h, showing slow excretion of peak E substance into urine. The amount of peak E substance in the contents of the large intestine at 5 h, however, was 3136 micrograms, much greater than urinary excretion for 24 h, indicating considerable transfer of peak E substance to large intestine without decomposition by gastric fluid in the stomach. We have detected for the first time not only the occurrence of peak E substance in plasma and urine, but also 1-methyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) in blood and organs of rats treated with peak E substance, thereby suggesting MTCA as one of the the metabolites of peak E substance. The amount of MTCA in the contents of the large intestine as well as in urine of rats treated with peak E substance was significantly greater than in L-tryptophan-treated rats (50 mg/kg p.o.), demonstrating that MTCA was more readily produced from peak E substance than from L-tryptophan. Finally, we propose acetaldehyde-induced production of MTCA from peak E substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Ogawa Y, Adachi J, Tatsuno Y. Accumulation of 1-methyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in blood and organs of rat. A possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan. Arch Toxicol 1993; 67:290-3. [PMID: 8517786 DOI: 10.1007/bf01974349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) may cause eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan. The distribution and excretion of MTCA were studied in rats which had received perorally a single 1.6 mg/kg dose of MTCA. MTCA concentrations in blood, kidney, liver, brain, heart, spleen, lung and gastrocnemius muscle were measured by HPLC combined with fluorometric detection. The concentration of MTCA in each organ reached a maximum at 1 h and then gradually declined. However, a significant level of MTCA still remained at 5 h, when 52% of ingested MTCA remained in the contents of the large intestine. Twenty-nine percent of the ingested MTCA was excreted in urine over the course of 24 h. A higher dose (10 mg/kg) of MTCA resulted in significant elevations in the concentrations and amounts of MTCA in the various organs. In addition, chronic treatment with a 10 mg/kg dose of MTCA for 6 weeks further increased the concentrations and amounts of MTCA in each organ. However, no histological changes were observed in any of the organs after chronic treatment. This is the first report which demonstrates accumulation of MTCA in the blood and various organs, including muscle, of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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23
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Adachi J, Ueno Y, Ogawa Y, Hishida S, Yamamoto K, Ouchi H, Tatsuno Y. Acetaldehyde-induced formation of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:935-41. [PMID: 8452569 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) is one of the metabolites of peak E substance, which, based on epidemiological studies, has been thought to be a possible causative agent of the tryptophan-induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Acute ethanol and L-tryptophan administration in rats pretreated with cyanamide resulted in the formation of MTCA. Concentrations of MTCA were estimated at 27 ng/g in blood and 33 ng/g in kidneys. Chronic treatment with a liquid diet containing ethanol as 36% of the total calories for 6 weeks increased these levels. MTCA was barely observed in rats that had received acute or chronic ethanol in the absence of cyanamide, or in the cyanamide-tryptophan controls. Cyanamide facilitation of ethanol-dependent MTCA biosynthesis may be due to a potentiation of the blood level of acetaldehyde derived from ethanol. The blood acetaldehyde level in rats that had been acutely treated with cyanamide, ethanol and L-tryptophan was 348 microM, and averaged 503 microM in rats that received the same treatment after chronic consumption of ethanol. In contrast to the above findings, L-tryptophan intake promoted the formation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA) in rats. This is the first report of MTCA in mammalian tissue during tryptophan and ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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Waldmann H, Braun A, Weymann M, Gewehr M. Asymmetric synthesis of indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidin-2-ones - congeners to yohimbine-type alkaloids. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Adachi J, Yamamoto K, Ogawa Y, Ueno Y, Mizoi Y, Tatsuno Y. Endogenous formation of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3- carboxylic acid in man as the possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan. Arch Toxicol 1991; 65:505-9. [PMID: 1929872 DOI: 10.1007/bf01977365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) is now thought to be a possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan. In the present study a factor affecting endogenous formation of MTCA in 32 healthy men is studied. Urinary excretions of MTCA and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection after administration of a high or low protein diet as well as peroral tryptophan (0.5 g) or ethanol (0.4 g/kg). Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were determined by gas chromatography after ethanol consumption. Both, the high protein diet and tryptophan resulted in a significant rise of urinary TCCA. In contrast, ethanol intake caused increased excretion of MTCA, though a relationship between blood acetaldehyde level and urinary excretion of MTCA was not shown. We showed for the first time that an elevation of urinary excretion of MTCA following ethanol consumption in man without ingestion of L-tryptophan tablets implicated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Reductive decyanation of 3-amino-3-cyano-3-deoxy sugars with sodium borohydride. A new approach to 3-amino-3-deoxy sugars. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Brana MF, Garrido M, López ML, Miguel PD, Riaño A. Synthesis and Reactivity of β-Carboline-Hydantoin Systems. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008053104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Braña MF, Garrido M, Rodriguez MLL, Miguel P, Morcillo MJ, Riaño A. Synthesis of new derivatives of β-carboline-hydantoin. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Katritzky AR, Latif M, Urogdi L. Mono-N-alkylation of α-aminoacetonitriles. A novel route to unsymmetrical secondary amines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/p19900000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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31
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32
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Boucher JL, Stella L. Dienophilie des cyano-1 enamines, nouveaux equivalents de cetenes pour les cycloadditions de diels-alder. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Bonin M, Romero JR, Grierson DS, Husson HP. 2-cyano Δ3 piperidines vi1 : a general method for the stereoselective synthesis of cis and trans 2,6-dialkylpiperidine alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Stock G, Jacobson RM, Levitz R. Substitution at the α-position of amines. Alpha cyanoamines as latent alpha aminocarbanions. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Yamada SI, Tomioka K, Koga K. Reductive decyanization of α-amino nitriles with sodium in liquid ammonia. Usefulness in asymmetric syntheses of optically active alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)71323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamada SI, Konda M, Shioiri T. A biogenetic type synthesis of S(+)-laudanosine from L(-)-dopa. Tetrahedron Lett 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)84809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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