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Fatima A, Ahmad MW, Al Saidi AKA, Choudhury A, Chang Y, Lee GH. Recent Advances in Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents for Bioimaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2449. [PMID: 34578765 PMCID: PMC8465722 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (CAs) (Gd-CAs) represent one of the most advanced developments in the application of Gd for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Current challenges with existing CAs generated an urgent requirement to develop multimodal CAs with good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and prolonged circulation time. This review discussed the Gd-CAs used in bioimaging applications, addressing their advantages and limitations. Future research is required to establish the safety, efficacy and theragnostic capabilities of Gd-CAs. Nevertheless, these Gd-CAs offer extraordinary potential as imaging CAs and promise to benefit bioimaging applications significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Fatima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Md. Wasi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Arup Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical & Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
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Travagin F, Lattuada L, Giovenzana GB. AAZTA: The rise of mesocyclic chelating agents for metal coordination in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liebi M, Kuster S, Kohlbrecher J, Ishikawa T, Fischer P, Walde P, Windhab EJ. Cholesterol-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate complexed with thulium ions integrated into bicelles to increase their magnetic alignability. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14743-8. [PMID: 24205912 DOI: 10.1021/jp406599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides have been used for several decades to increase the magnetic alignability of bicelles. DMPE-DTPA (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) is commonly applied to anchor the lanthanides into the bicelles. However, because DMPE-DTPA has the tendency to accumulate at the highly curved edge region of the bicelles and if located there does not contribute to the magnetic orientation energy, we have tested cholesterol-DTPA complexed with thulium ions (Tm(3+)) as an alternative chelator to increase the magnetic alignability. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements indicate the successful integration of cholesterol-DTPA into a DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayer. Cryo transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements show that the disklike structure, that is, bicelles, is maintained if cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+) is integrated into a mixture of DMPC, cholesterol, and DMPE-DTPA·Tm(3+). The size of the bicelles is increased compared to the size of the bicelles obtained from mixtures without cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+). Magnetic-field-induced birefringence and SANS measurements in a magnetic field show that with addition of cholesterol-DTPA·Tm(3+) the magnetic alignability of these bicelles is significantly increased compared to bicelles composed of DMPC, cholesterol, and DMPE-DTPA·Tm(3+) only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Liebi
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Mkadmh A, Elkhaldy A, Abu-Shanab A, Morjan R, Elarag M. Synthesis and semi-empirical sparkle PM6 study of substituted dithiophosphoric compounds of gadolinium(III). J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.774386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Mkadmh
- a Department of Chemistry , Alaqsa University , Gaza , Palestine
| | - A.A.S Elkhaldy
- a Department of Chemistry , Alaqsa University , Gaza , Palestine
| | - A.M. Abu-Shanab
- b Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics , Alabama A&M University , Normal , AL , USA
| | - R.Y. Morjan
- c Department of Chemistry , Islamic University , Gaza , Palestine
| | - M.A. Elarag
- d Department of Chemistry , El-Azhar University , Gaza , Palestine
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Santra S, Jativa SD, Kaittanis C, Normand G, Grimm J, Perez JM. Gadolinium-encapsulating iron oxide nanoprobe as activatable NMR/MRI contrast agent. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7281-94. [PMID: 22809405 PMCID: PMC3429787 DOI: 10.1021/nn302393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel gadolinium-encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticle-based activatable NMR/MRI nanoprobe. In our design, Gd-DTPA is encapsulated within the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer coating of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (IO-PAA), yielding a composite magnetic nanoprobe (IO-PAA-Gd-DTPA) with quenched longitudinal spin-lattice magnetic relaxation (T(1)). Upon release of the Gd-DTPA complex from the nanoprobe's polymeric coating in acidic media, an increase in the T(1) relaxation rate (1/T(1)) of the composite magnetic nanoprobe was observed, indicating a dequenching of the nanoprobe with a corresponding increase in the T(1)-weighted MRI signal. When a folate-conjugated nanoprobe was incubated in HeLa cells, a cancer cell line overexpressing folate receptors, an increase in the 1/T(1) signal was observed. This result suggests that, upon receptor-mediated internalization, the composite magnetic nanoprobe degraded within the cell's lysosome acidic (pH 5.0) environment, resulting in an intracellular release of Gd-DTPA complex with subsequent T(1) activation. In addition, when an anticancer drug (Taxol) was coencapsulated with the Gd-DTPA within the folate receptor targeting composite magnetic nanoprobe, the T(1) activation of the probe coincided with the rate of drug release and corresponding cytotoxic effect in cell culture studies. Taken together, these results suggest that our activatable T(1) nanoagent could be of great importance for the detection of acidic tumors and assessment of drug targeting and release by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimukul Santra
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
| | - Samuel D. Jativa
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
| | - Charalambos Kaittanis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guillaume Normand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J. Manuel Perez
- Nanoscience Technology Center and Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. USA
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Liu Y, Zhang N. Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+, Gd3+) hybrid system with functionalized diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid: coordination bonding assembly, luminescence and MRI contrast agent property. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bonnet CS, Tóth É. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Laurent S, Henoumont C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterisation of Gd-DTPA Derivatives as Contrast Agents for MRI. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Davies CL, Duhme-Klair AK. Synthesis of a cholesterol-appended Tb–DTPA complex by combined removal of tert-Butyl protecting groups and complexation of terbium(III). Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pashkunova-Martic I, Kremser C, Galanski M, Schluga P, Arion V, Debbage P, Jaschke W, Keppler B. Lectin conjugates as biospecific contrast agents for MRI. Coupling of Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin to linear water-soluble DTPA-loaded oligomers. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:432-442. [PMID: 20574850 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires synthesis of contrast media bearing targeting groups and numerous gadolinium chelating groups generating high relaxivity. This paper explores the results of linking the gadolinium chelates to the targeting group, a protein molecule, via various types of linkers. Polycondensates of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with either diols or diamines were synthesised and coupled to the targeting group, a lectin (Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin, tomato lectin) which binds with high affinity to specific oligosaccharide configurations in the endothelial glycocalyx. The polycondensates bear up to four carboxylic groups per constitutive unit. Gd-chelate bonds are created through dative interactions with the unshared pair of electrons on each oxygen and nitrogen atom on DTPA. This is mandatory for complexation of Gd(III) and avoidance of the severe toxicity of free gadolinium ions. The polymer-DTPA compounds were characterised by (1)H NMR and mass spectrometry. The final lectin-DTPA-polycondensate conjugates were purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The capacity for specific binding was assessed, and the MRI properties were examined in order to evaluate the use of these oligomers as components of selective perfusional contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pashkunova-Martic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Schluga
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Debbage
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstr. 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Ultra Convenient Synthesis of Lanthanide Based Magnetic-Fluorescent Hydrogels for Multimodal Cellular Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple approach has been developed to synthesize lanthanide based multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent hydrogels for cellular imaging via MRI and optical imaging synchronously. The multifunctional hydrogels are prepared by covalently conjugating gadolinium and europium chelate with biocompatible chitosan. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows that the hydrogels have a strong PL emission, which is characteristic of Eu3+ transitions from the excited 5D0 to 7FJ levels. Moreover, in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis shows that the hydrogels exhibit powerful T1-weighted MRI signal in water. As a result, the hydrogels combine magnetic and fluorescent properties and can be expected to act as a promising multimodal MRI/optical imaging probe.
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D'Addio SM, Prud'homme RK. Controlling drug nanoparticle formation by rapid precipitation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:417-26. [PMID: 21565233 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are a drug delivery platform that can enhance the efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients, including poorly-water soluble compounds, ionic drugs, proteins, peptides, siRNA and DNA therapeutics. To realize the potential of these nano-sized carriers, manufacturing processes must be capable of providing reproducible, scalable and stable formulations. Antisolvent precipitation to form drug nanoparticles has been demonstrated as one such robust and scalable process. This review discusses the nucleation and growth of organic nanoparticles at high supersaturation. We present process considerations for controlling supersaturations as well as physical and chemical routes for modifying API solubility to optimize supersaturation and control particle size. We conclude with a discussion of post-precipitation factors which influence nanoparticle stability and efficacy in vivo and techniques for stabilization.
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Lattuada L, Barge A, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. The synthesis and application of polyamino polycarboxylic bifunctional chelating agents. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3019-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Amirov RR, Ziyatdinova AB, Burilova EA, Zhukov AY, Antipin IS, Stoikov II. Complexation of GdIII with tetra-p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arenoic acid in micellar media. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kamaly N, Miller AD. Paramagnetic liposome nanoparticles for cellular and tumour imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1759-76. [PMID: 20480040 PMCID: PMC2871136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we discuss the development of paramagnetic liposomes incorporating MRI contrast agents and show how these are utilized in cellular imaging in vitro. Bi-functional, bi-modal imaging paramagnetic liposome systems are also described. Next we discuss the upgrading of paramagnetic liposomes into bi-modal imaging neutral nanoparticles for in vivo imaging applications. We discuss the development of such systems and show how paramagnetic liposomes and imaging nanoparticles could be developed as platforms for future multi-functional, multi-modal imaging theranostic nanodevices tailor-made for the combined imaging of early stage disease pathology and functional drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Imperial College London, UK.
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Beilvert A, Cormode DP, Chaubet F, Briley-Saebo KC, Mani V, Mulder WJM, Vucic E, Toussaint JF, Letourneur D, Fayad ZA. Tyrosine polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelle magnetic resonance contrast agent for the detection of lipid rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque. Magn Reson Med 2010; 62:1195-201. [PMID: 19780153 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable or high-risk atherosclerotic plaques often exhibit large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps that can lead to deadly vascular events when they rupture. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-micelles that incorporate a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) amphiphile were used as an MR contrast agent. In an approach inspired by lipoproteins, the micelles were functionalized with tyrosine residues, an aromatic, lipophilic amino acid, to reach the lipid-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaque in a highly efficient manner. These micelles were applied to apolipoprotein E(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mice as a model of atherosclerosis. The abdominal aortas of the animals were imaged using T(1)-weighted (T(1)W) high-resolution MRI at 9.4T before and up to 48 h after the administration of the micelles. PEG-micelles modified with 15% tyrosine residues yielded a significant enhancement of the abdominal aortic wall at 6 and 24 h postinjection (pi) as compared to unmodified micelles. Fluorescence microscopy on histological sections of the abdominal aorta showed a correlation between lipid-rich areas and the distribution of the functionalized contrast agent in plaque. Using a simple approach, we demonstrated that lipid-rich areas in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE(-/-) mice can be detected by MRI using Gd-DTPA micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beilvert
- INSERM U698, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, CHU X. Bichat, University Paris 7, Paris, France
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Rami M, Montero JL, Dubois L, Lambin P, Scozzafava A, Winum JY, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Gd(iii) complexes of DOTA- and TETA-sulfonamide conjugates targeting the tumor associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Supramolecular aggregates containing lipophilic Gd(III) complexes as contrast agents in MRI. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Efthimiadou EK, Katsarou ME, Fardis M, Zikos C, Pitsinos EN, Kazantzis A, Leondiadis L, Sagnou M, Vourloumis D. Synthesis and characterization of novel natural product-Gd(III) MRI contrast agent conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6058-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Torres S, Prata MIM, Santos AC, André JP, Martins JA, Helm L, Tóth E, García-Martín ML, Rodrigues TB, López-Larrubia P, Cerdán S, Geraldes CFGC. Gd(III)-EPTPAC16, a new self-assembling potential liver MRI contrast agent: in vitro characterization and in vivo animal imaging studies. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:322-36. [PMID: 17694538 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The recently reported amphiphilic chelate, [Gd(EPTPAC16)(H2O)]2-, forms supramolecular aggregates in aqueous solution by self-assembly of the monomers with a relaxometrically determined critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 0.34 mM. The effect of sonication on the aggregate size was characterized by dynamic light scattering and relaxometry, indicating the presence of premicellar aggregates and an overall decrease in aggregate size and polydispersity upon sonication, slightly below the CMC. [[153Sm](EPTPAC16)(H2O)]2- radiotracer was evaluated in vivo from gamma scintigraphy and biodistribution in Wistar rats. It was found to depend strongly on the sample concentration, below or above the CMC, and its sonication, in a way that correlates with the effect of the same factors on the size of the aggregates formed in solution. Below CMC, the very large aggregates of the [153Sm]3+ -labeled chelate were persistently and mainly taken up by the lungs, and also by the macrophage-rich liver and spleen. Sonication of this solution led to loss of the lung uptake. Above CMC, the metal chelate was mainly taken up by the liver, with very little uptake by the spleen and lungs. In vivo, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI evaluation of the micellar [Gd(EPTPAC16)(H2O)]2- compound in Wistar rats showed a persistent hepatic positive-contrast effect in T1-weighted images, qualitatively similar to the clinically established Gd(III)-based hepatobiliary-selective agents. No enhancement effect was observed in the lungs because of the scarcity of mobile protons in this organ, despite the scintigraphic evidence of significant lung retention of the [153Sm]3+ -labeled chelate at concentrations below the CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Torres
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Relaxivities of paramagnetic liposomes: on the importance of the chain type and the length of the amphiphilic complex. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 37:1007-14. [PMID: 18427798 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles of unilamellar DPPC liposomes incorporating Gd-DTPA-bisamides with alkyl chains of 12 to 18 C atoms in their external and internal layers were recorded in order to study the influence that the chain length and structure of Gd-bisamides incorporated in the liposomal membrane have on their proton relaxivity. The NMRD profiles recorded at 310 K show that the relaxivity reaches a minimum value when the carbon chain lengths of the phospholipid and of the Gd complex match and is at a maximum in the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond. For these DPPC paramagnetic liposomes, the longer the aliphatic chains of the complex, the larger will be its immobilization in the membrane. In addition, the presence of an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in the alkyl chain of the Gd complex induces an increase of its mobility and of its water exchange rate with, as a result, a much greater efficiency as an MRI contrast agent.
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Lattuada L, Gabellini M. Straightforward Synthesis of a Novel Maleimide‐DTPA Bifunctional Chelating Agent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500189569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee HY, Jee HW, Seo SM, Kwak BK, Khang G, Cho SH. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium (DTPA-Gd)-conjugated polysuccinimide derivatives as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:700-6. [PMID: 16704207 DOI: 10.1021/bc060014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible polysuccinimide (PSI) derivatives conjugated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (DTPA-Gd) were prepared as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this study, we synthesized PSI derivatives incorporating methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as hydrophilic ligand, hexadecylamine as hydrophobic ligand, and DTPA-Gd as contrast agent. PSI was synthesized by the polycondensation polymerization of aspartic acid. All the synthesized materials were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Critical micellization concentrations were determined using fluorescent probes (pyrene). Micelle size and shape were measured by electro-photometer light scattering (ELS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formed micelle size ranged from 100 to 300 nm. The T1-weighted MR images of the phantom prepared with PSI-mPEG-C16-(DTPA-Gd) were obtained in a 3.0 T clinical MR imager, and the conjugates showed a great potential as MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Lee
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Rudovský J, Botta M, Hermann P, Hardcastle KI, Lukes I, Aime S. PAMAM Dendrimeric Conjugates with a Gd−DOTA Phosphinate Derivative and Their Adducts with Polyaminoacids: The Interplay of Global Motion, Internal Rotation, and Fast Water Exchange. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:975-87. [PMID: 16848405 DOI: 10.1021/bc060149l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of dendrimeric conjugates based on a PAMAM (polyamidoamine) backbone with macrocyclic Gd-DO3A-P(ABn) complexes (monophosphinated analogue of DOTA) was prepared. The chelates were covalently attached to the G1-, G2-, and G4-PAMAM dendrimers through a thiourea linker in high loads (>90%). The prepared conjugates G1-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(8), G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16), and G4-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(59) showed relaxivities of 10.1, 14.1, and 18.6 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1) at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C and pH = 7.5, respectively. A variable-pH study (range 2-12) revealed up to 30% increase in the relaxivity at low pH for the G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16) conjugate. As confirmed by (1)H NMR titration of the unmodified G2 dendrimer, this is due to protonation of core tertiary amines leading to a more open and rigid structure. The variable-temperature (17)O NMR and (1)H NMRD relaxometric studies confirmed that the relaxivity is not controlled by water exchange but by rotational dynamics. A multiparametrical data evaluation using the Lipari-Szabo approach revealed that the water residence lifetime, (298)tau(M), for the conjugates studied was ca. 45-70 ns, which is longer than the value found for the monomeric model compound Gd-DO3A-P(ABn) (16 ns) but short enough so as not to limit the relaxivity. The global rotational correlation time, (298)tau(Rg), varied from 1.5 to 3.1 ns and seemed to indicate a sufficiently slow molecular tumbling to achieve the high relaxivities measured; however, the rigidity factor S(2) (approximately 0.26), describing the internal flexibility, was far from optimum. The overall relaxivity was significantly increased (e.g. by a factor of 1.8 for the G1-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(8) conjugate) when a positively charged polyaminoacid like poly(Arg) or poly(Lys) was added to the conjugate solutions. The electrostatic interactions partially "freeze" the internal mobility of the conjugate and also slow down global motion. This assumption was confirmed by an evaluation of (1)H relaxometric data obtained for the G2-(Gd-DO3A-P(BnN{CS}))(16)-poly(Lys)(59) adduct. Importantly, it was proved that the adduct formation did not hamper the water exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rudovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Mignet N, Chermont QLMD, Randrianarivelo T, Seguin J, Richard C, Bessodes M, Scherman D. Liposome biodistribution by time resolved fluorimetry of lipophilic europium complexes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2005; 35:155-61. [PMID: 16160824 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-005-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of conventional fluorophores suffers from some limitations in biological fluids due to low signal/background ratio. Today, this sensitivity issue might be reasonably improved thanks to lanthanide chelates, by selective detection of long decay fluorescence. Use of pulsed light source time-resolved fluorimetry takes into account the fluorescence decay time of the lanthanide chelates to gain sensitivity in biological media. Lipid-DTPA: Eu compounds have been prepared and incorporated into liposomes to evaluate europium based detection of liposomes in biological media. Fluorescence emission was not modified by this incorporation. Europium labelled liposomes were used for biodistribution studies and showed their use in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS-UMR8151; INSERM U640, Laboratoire Pharmacol. Chim. Genet., Université René Descartes Paris, 4, avenue de l' Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
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Ying-Chun L, Jing Z, Quan L, Shu-Lan M, Miao-Qiong X, Wen-Xiang Z. Structural Characterization and Relaxivity Study of a New Paramagnetic Mn(II) Complex of DTPA-BpABA. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200591012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Facchetti A, Abbotto A, Beverina L, Bradamante S, Mariani P, Stern CL, Marks TJ, Vacca A, Pagani GA. Novel coordinating motifs for lanthanide(iii) ions based on 5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazole and 5-(2-pyridyl-1-oxide)tetrazole. Potential new contrast agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:1770-1. [PMID: 15278178 DOI: 10.1039/b401919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble and neutral Ln(III) and Zn (II) complexes of pyridine- and (pyridine-1-oxide)tetrazole have been synthesized and the Gd derivatives have great potential as high-relaxivity low-osmolarity MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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