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Li H, Dai SB, Gao WY. Preparation of Isotope Labeled/Unlabeled Key Intermediates in 2-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-Phosphate Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2
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Dickschat JS, Citron CA, Brock NL, Riclea R, Kuhz H. Synthesis of Deuterated Mevalonolactone Isotopomers. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Fechter MH, Gaisberger R, Griengl H. 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE SYNTHESIZED FROM THE (S)-CYANOHYDRIN OF ACROLEIN. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Fechter
- a Technische Universität Graz, SFB Biokatalyse, Institut für Organische Chemie , Stremayrgasse 16, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Richard Gaisberger
- a Technische Universität Graz, SFB Biokatalyse, Institut für Organische Chemie , Stremayrgasse 16, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Herfried Griengl
- a Technische Universität Graz, SFB Biokatalyse, Institut für Organische Chemie , Stremayrgasse 16, Graz, A-8010, Austria
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Dudareva N, Andersson S, Orlova I, Gatto N, Reichelt M, Rhodes D, Boland W, Gershenzon J. The nonmevalonate pathway supports both monoterpene and sesquiterpene formation in snapdragon flowers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:933-8. [PMID: 15630092 PMCID: PMC545543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407360102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids, the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, play essential roles in both plant and human life. In higher plants, the five-carbon building blocks of all terpenoids, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate, are derived from two independent pathways localized in different cellular compartments. The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP or nonmevalonate) pathway, localized in the plastids, is thought to provide IPP and dimethylallyl diphosphate for hemiterpene, monoterpene, and diterpene biosynthesis, whereas the cytosol-localized mevalonate pathway provides C5 units for sesquiterpene biosynthesis. Stable isotope-labeled, pathway-specific precursors (1-deoxy-[5,5-2H2]-D-xylulose and [2,2-2H2]-mevalolactone) were supplied to cut snapdragon flowers, which emit both monoterpenes and the sesquiterpene, nerolidol. We show that only one of the two pathways, the plastid-localized MEP pathway, is active in the formation of volatile terpenes. The MEP pathway provides IPP precursors for both plastidial monoterpene and cytosolic sesquiterpene biosynthesis in the epidermis of snapdragon petals. The trafficking of IPP occurs unidirectionally from the plastids to cytosol. The MEP pathway operates in a rhythmic manner controlled by the circadian clock, which determines the rhythmicity of terpenoid emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Meyer O, Hoeffler JF, Grosdemange-Billiard C, Rohmer M. Practical synthesis of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate allowing deuterium labelling. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Spiteller D, Jux A, Piel J, Boland W. Feeding of [5,5-2H(2)]-1-desoxy-D-xylulose and [4,4,6,6,6-2H(5)]-mevalolactone to a geosmin-producing Streptomyces sp. and Fossombronia pusilla. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 61:827-834. [PMID: 12453575 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the trisnor sesquiterpenoid geosmin (4,8a-dimethyl-octahydro-naphthalen-4a-ol) (1) was investigated by feeding labeled [5,5-2H(2)]-1-desoxy-D-xylulose (11), [4,4,6,6,6-(2)H(5)]-mevalolactone (7) and [2,2-2H(2)]-mevalolactone (9) to Streptomyces sp. JP95 and the liverwort Fossombronia pusilla. The micro-organism produced geosmin via the 1-desoxy-D-xylulose pathway, whereas the liverwort exclusively utilized mevalolactone for terpenoid biosynthesis. Analysis of the labeling pattern in the resulting isotopomers of geosmin (1) by mass spectroscopy (EI/MS) revealed that geosmin is synthesized in both organisms by cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to a germacradiene-type intermediate 4. Further transformations en route to geosmin (1) involve an oxidative dealkylation of an i-propyl substituent, 1,2-reduction of a resulting conjugated diene, and bicyclization of a germacatriene intermediate 13. The transformations largely resemble the biosynthesis of dehydrogeosmin (2) in cactus flowers but differ with respect to the regioselectivity of the side chain dealkylation and 1,2-reduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Spiteller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Okologie, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, Jena, Germany
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Drewke C, Leistner E. Biosynthesis of vitamin B6 and structurally related derivatives. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2001; 61:121-55. [PMID: 11153264 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(01)61004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the rather simple structure of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (I), a member of the vitamin B6 group, the elucidation of its de novo biosynthesis remained largely unexplored until recently. Experiments designed to investigate the formation of the vitamin B6 pyridine nucleus mainly concentrated on Escherichia coli. The results of tracer experiments with radioactive and stable isotopes, feeding experiments, and molecular biological studies led to the prediction that 4-hydroxy-L-threonine (VIII, R = H) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose (VII, R = H) are precursors which are assembled to yield the carbon-nitrogen skeleton of vitamin B6. At this point, the involvement of the phosphorylated forms of these precursors in this assembly seems quite clear. However, vitamin B6 biosynthesis in organisms other than E. coli remains largely unknown. Toxic derivatives of vitamin B6, such as ginkgotoxin, occurring in higher plants may be suitable targets to gain further insight into this tricky problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Drewke
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Hoeffler JF, Grosdemange-Billiard C, Rohmer M. Elucidation of the 2- C -methyl- d -erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis: straightforward syntheses of enantiopure 1-deoxy- d -xylulose from pentose derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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10
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11
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Bouvet D, O'Hagan D. The synthesis of 1-fluoro- and 1,1-difluoro- analogues of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Blagg BSJ, Poulter CD. Synthesis of 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1508-1511. [PMID: 11674212 DOI: 10.1021/jo981966k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose (4) and the corresponding 5-phosphate (5) are substrates for the first pathway-specific enzymes in the biosynthesis of thiamine diphosphate (vitamin B(1)), pyridoxol phosphate (vitamin B(6)), and the nonmevalonate family of isoprenoid compounds recently discovered in bacteria and plant chloroplasts. Both 4 and 5 were synthesized from commercially available (-)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-threitol (10). The protected tetraol was converted to (-)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-5-triisopropylsilyl-1-deoxy-D-xylulose (14) in four steps. Treatment of 14 with acetic acid gave 4 in an overall yield of 69%. The corresponding 5-phosphate was obtained by protection the carbonyl group in 14, removal of the triisopropylsilyl moiety, and treatment of the resulting alcohol with trimethyl phosphite/TeCl(4), trimethylsilyl bromide, water, and HCl in successive steps to give 5 in 58% overall yield from 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. J. Blagg
- 315 South 1400 East RM Dock, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850
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14
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15
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Shabat D, List B, Lerner RA, Barbas CF. A short enantioselective synthesis of 1-deoxy-l-xylulose by antibody catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Piel J, Donath J, Bandemer K, Boland W. Induzierte und konstitutiv emittierte Pflanzendüfte: Mevalonat-unabhängige Biosynthese terpenoider Duftstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980918)110:18<2622::aid-ange2622>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schörken U, Sprenger GA. Thiamin-dependent enzymes as catalysts in chemoenzymatic syntheses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1385:229-43. [PMID: 9655911 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(98)00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are increasingly being used to perform regio- and enantioselective reactions in chemoenzymatic syntheses. To utilize enzymes for unphysiological reactions and to yield novel products, a broad substrate spectrum is desirable. Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes vary in their substrate tolerance from rather strict substrate specificity (phosphoketolases, glyoxylate carboligase) to more permissive enzymes (transketolase, dihydroxyacetone synthase, pyruvate decarboxylase) and therefore differ in their potential to be used as biocatalysts. We give an overview of the known substrate spectra of ThDP-dependent enzymes and present examples of multi-enzyme or chemoenzymatic approaches which involve ThDP-dependent enzymes as biocatalysts to obtain pharmaceutical compounds as ephedrine and glycosidase inhibitors, sex pheromones as exo-brevicomin, 13C-labeled metabolites, and other intermediates as 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, a precursor of vitamins and isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schörken
- Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, P.O. Box 1913, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Taylor SV, Vu LD, Begley TP, Schörken U, Grolle S, Sprenger GA, Bringer-Meyer S, Sahm H. Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo971933p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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