1
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De Angelis M, Primitivo L, Lucarini C, Agostinelli S, Sappino C, Ricelli A, Righi G. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of iminosugar 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-iditol. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:108028. [PMID: 32413728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The first stereocontrolled total synthesis of iminosugar 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-iditol is described. The key step in our approach was the double diastereoselection in the asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of suitable optically active olefin, the chiral vinyl azido alcohol 9. Performing the AD using the most common Cinchona alkaloids as ligands enabled us to identify the ligand of choice for the stereodivergent synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-iditol and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-galactitol. These type of iminosugars, both natural and unnatural, are intensively studied for their promising chemotherapeutic properties against viral infections, diabetes, cancer, and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Angelis
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Primitivo
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Lucarini
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Sonia Agostinelli
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Sappino
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricelli
- CNR-IBPM, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Righi
- CNR-IBPM, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Synthesis and Therapeutic Applications of Iminosugars in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093353. [PMID: 32397443 PMCID: PMC7247015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iminosugars are sugar analogues endowed with a high pharmacological potential. The wide range of biological activities exhibited by these glycomimetics associated with their excellent drug profile make them attractive therapeutic candidates for several medical interventions. The ability of iminosugars to act as inhibitors or enhancers of carbohydrate-processing enzymes suggests their potential use as therapeutics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). Herein we review the most relevant advances in the field, paying attention to both the chemical synthesis of the iminosugars and their biological evaluations, resulting from in vitro and in vivo assays. Starting from the example of the marketed drug NBDNJ (N-butyl deoxynojirimycin), a variety of iminosugars have exhibited the capacity to rescue the trafficking of F508del-CFTR (deletion of F508 residue in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator), either alone or in combination with other correctors. Interesting results have also been obtained when iminosugars were considered as anti-inflammatory agents in CF lung disease. The data herein reported demonstrate that iminosugars hold considerable potential to be applied for both therapeutic purposes.
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3
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Axundova FN, Kurbanova MM, Huseynzada AE, Alves MJ. Synthesis of New Iminosugar Derivatives Based on (S)-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)methanol. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Biosynthesis of Galactan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a Viable TB Drug Target? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010020. [PMID: 31935842 PMCID: PMC7168186 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While target-based drug design has proved successful in several therapeutic areas, this approach has not yet provided compelling outcomes in the field of antibacterial agents. This statement remains especially true for the development of novel therapeutic interventions against tuberculosis, an infectious disease that is among the top ten leading causes of death globally. Mycobacterial galactan is an important component of the protective cell wall core of the tuberculosis pathogen and it could provide a promising target for the design of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on galactan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including landmark findings that led to the discovery and understanding of three key enzymes in this pathway: UDP-galactose mutase, and galactofuranosyl transferases GlfT1 and GlfT2. Moreover, we recapitulate the efforts aimed at their inhibition. The predicted common transition states of the three enzymes provide the lucrative possibility of multitargeting in pharmaceutical development, a favourable property in the mitigation of drug resistance. We believe that a tight interplay between target-based computational approaches and experimental methods will result in the development of original inhibitors that could serve as the basis of a new generation of drugs against tuberculosis.
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5
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Akhundova FN, Kurbanova MM, Huseynzada AE, Alves MJ, Sujayev AR. Synthesis and Bioactivity of New Analogue of Bicyclic 1‐Azafagomine. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fidan N. Akhundova
- Baku State UniversityOrganic Chemistry Department Z. Khalilov 23 Baku AZ 1148
| | | | | | - Maria J. Alves
- Universidade do Minho de GualtarDepartment of Organic Chemistry 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Afsun R. Sujayev
- Laboratory of Organic chemistryInstitute of Chemistry of AdditivesAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 1029 Baku, Azerbaijan
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6
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Ortiz CLD, Completo GC, Nacario RC, Nellas RB. Potential Inhibitors of Galactofuranosyltransferase 2 (GlfT2): Molecular Docking, 3D-QSAR, and In Silico ADMETox Studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17096. [PMID: 31745103 PMCID: PMC6863818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy in the discovery of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug involves targeting the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis' (Mtb) cell wall. One of these enzymes is Galactofuranosyltransferase 2 (GlfT2) that catalyzes the elongation of the galactan chain of Mtb cell wall. Studies targeting GlfT2 have so far produced compounds showing minimal inhibitory activity. With the current challenge of designing potential GlfT2 inhibitors with high inhibition activity, computational methods such as molecular docking, receptor-ligand mapping, molecular dynamics, and Three-Dimensional-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) were utilized to deduce the interactions of the reported compounds with the target enzyme and enabling the design of more potent GlfT2 inhibitors. Molecular docking studies showed that the synthesized compounds have binding energy values between -3.00 to -6.00 kcal mol-1. Two compounds, #27 and #31, have registered binding energy values of -8.32 ± 0.01, and -8.08 ± 0.01 kcal mol-1, respectively. These compounds were synthesized as UDP-Galactopyranose mutase (UGM) inhibitors and could possibly inhibit GlfT2. Interestingly, the analogs of the known disaccharide substrate, compounds #1-4, have binding energy range of -10.00 to -19.00 kcal mol-1. The synthesized and newly designed compounds were subjected to 3D-QSAR to further design compounds with effective interaction within the active site. Results showed improved binding energy from -6.00 to -8.00 kcal mol-1. A significant increase on the binding affinity was observed when modifying the aglycon part instead of the sugar moiety. Furthermore, these top hit compounds were subjected to in silico ADMETox evaluation. Compounds #31, #70, #71, #72, and #73 were found to pass the ADME evaluation and throughout the screening, only compound #31 passed the predicted toxicity evaluation. This work could pave the way in the design and synthesis of GlfT2 inhibitors through computer-aided drug design and can be used as an initial approach in identifying potential novel GlfT2 inhibitors with promising activity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Llynard D Ortiz
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Gladys C Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Ruel C Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Ricky B Nellas
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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7
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Synthesis and investigation of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine derivatives as novel chemotypes showing dual activity as glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103298. [PMID: 31557624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a multi-factorial disorder that should be treated with multi-effective compounds. Here we describe the access to polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, belonging to the d-gluco and d-galacto series, through aminocyclization reactions of two differentially protected d-xylo-hexos-4-ulose derivatives. The prepared compounds proved to inhibit both alpha-glucosidase, responsible for the emergence of hyperglycemic spikes, and aldose reductase, accountable for the development of abnormalities in diabetic tissues. Accordingly, they show the dual inhibitory profile deemed as ideal for diabetes treatment. Significantly, compound 17b reduced the process of cell death and restored the physiological levels of oxidative stress when tested in the photoreceptor-like 661w cell line, thus proving to be effective in an in vitro model of diabetic retinopathy.
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8
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N-Alkyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-l-fucitols as fucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular modelling and activity against cancer cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:418-433. [PMID: 30554081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-l-fucitol (1-deoxyfuconojirimycin, DFJ) is an iminosugar that inhibits fucosidases. Herein, N-alkyl DFJs have been synthesised and tested against the α-fucosidases of T. maritima (bacterial origin) and B. taurus (bovine origin). The N-alkyl derivatives were inactive against the bacterial fucosidase, while inhibiting the bovine enzyme. Docking of inhibitors to homology models, generated for the bovine and human fucosidases, was carried out. N-Decyl-DFJ was toxic to cancer cell lines and was more potent than the other N-alkyl DFJs studied.
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9
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Wang H, Pan Y, Tang Q, Zou W, Shao H. Synthesis of N -alkyl substituted iminosugars from d -ribose. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of threo- and erythro-configured trihydroxy open chain lipophilic ketones as possible anti-mycobacterial agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Righi G, Mandic' E, Sappino C, Dema E, Bovicelli P. Asymmetric routes toward polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines: Synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-galactitol and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-glucitol. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:100-105. [PMID: 27736666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein the total synthesis of the pyrrolidine alkaloids 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-galactitol and its diastereoisomer 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-glucitol is described, starting from a common optically active precursor. The key step in our approach was the double diastereoselection in the asymmetric dihydroxylation of chiral vinyl azido alcohols, obtained by means of two different regio- and stereoselective nucleophilic openings of the corresponding chiral vinyl epoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Righi
- CNR-IBPM, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mandic'
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Sappino
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Ergys Dema
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovicelli
- CNR-IBPM, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Dep. Chemistry, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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12
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Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition evaluation of (3S,4S)-3-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:33-36. [PMID: 27563841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new azasugar (3S,4S)-3-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol (1) was obtained from commercially available d-glucose using one-pot reductive cyclization as a key step. The target product, i.e., the iminosugar isomer, was obtained in 10 steps and 24.3% overall yield. Only three column chromatography purifications were needed in this synthesis. The biological activity of the target molecule as glycosidase inhibitor was studied, but the inhibitory activity against four glycosidases was not good (IC50 > 100 μM).
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13
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Harit VK, Ramesh NG. Amino-functionalized iminocyclitols: synthetic glycomimetics of medicinal interest. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A review on the syntheses and biological activities of unnatural glycomimetics highlighting the effect of replacement of hydroxyl groups of natural iminosugars by amino functionalities is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kant Harit
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi - 110016
- India
| | - Namakkal G. Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi - 110016
- India
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14
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Liu C, Hou L, Meng A, Han G, Zhang W, Jiang S. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of Galf mimics as antitubercular agents. Carbohydr Res 2015; 429:135-42. [PMID: 26706033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel Galf mimics has been synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectral and element analysis. All the newly prepared compounds were screened for their antitubercular activities. Bioactivity assays manifested that most of Galf mimics exhibited good antitubercular activities. Especially compound 4d and 4e displayed remarkable antitubercular efficacies, which were comparable to ethambutol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China.
| | - Linyu Hou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Aiguo Meng
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Gang Han
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Shende Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Eppe G, El Bkassiny S, Vincent SP. Galactofuranose Biosynthesis: Discovery, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance. CARBOHYDRATES IN DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739993-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Galactofuranose, the atypical and thermodynamically disfavored form of d-galactose, has in reality a very old history in chemistry and biochemistry. The purpose of this book chapter is to give an overview on the fundamental aspects of the galactofuranose biosynthesis, from the biological occurrence to the search of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Eppe
- University of Namur, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Sandy El Bkassiny
- University of Namur, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Stéphane P. Vincent
- University of Namur, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium
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16
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Jagadeesh Y, Tran AT, Luo B, Auberger N, Désiré J, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Zhang Y, Sollogoub M, Blériot Y. γ-Aminoalcohol rearrangement applied to pentahydroxylated azepanes provides pyrrolidines epimeric to homoDMDP. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3446-56. [PMID: 25666467 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of pentahydroxylated pyrrolidines, displaying five contiguous stereogenic centres and epimeric to α-glucosidase inhibitor homoDMDP, have been synthesized. The key step involves a γ-aminoalcohol rearrangement applied to polyhydroxylated azepanes. These five-membered iminosugars demonstrate micromolar inhibition of glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jagadeesh
- Glycochemistry Group of "Organic Synthesis" Team, Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 IC2MP, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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17
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Davies SG, Figuccia AL, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol [(+)-DGDP] and 1,2,5-trideoxy-1-amino-2,5-imino-d-glucitol [(+)-ADGDP]. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Glawar AFG, Jenkinson SF, Newberry SJ, Thompson AL, Nakagawa S, Yoshihara A, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Butters TD, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. An approach to 8 stereoisomers of homonojirimycin from (D)-glucose via kinetic & thermodynamic azido-γ-lactones. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:6886-99. [PMID: 23963282 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures were obtained for the two C2 epimeric azido-γ-lactones 2-azido-2-deoxy-3,5:6,7-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glycero-d-ido-heptono-1,4-lactone and 2-azido-2-deoxy-3,5:6,7-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glycero-d-gulo-heptono-1,4-lactone prepared from kinetic and thermodynamic azide displacements of a triflate derived from d-glucoheptonolactone. Azido-γ-lactones are very useful intermediates in the synthesis of iminosugars and polyhydroxylated amino acids. In this study two epimeric azido-heptitols allow biotechnological transformations via Izumoring techniques to 8 of the 16 possible homonojirimycin analogues, 5 of which were isolated pure because of the lack of stereoselectivity of the final reductive amination. A side-by-side glycosidase inhibition profile of 11 of the possible 16 HNJ stereoisomers derived from d-glucose and d-mannose is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F G Glawar
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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19
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Wu X, Zhang FY, Zhu J, Song C, Xiong DC, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Ye XS. N-Arylated-Lactam-Type Iminosugars as New Immunosuppressive Agents: Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2260-71. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Liu C, Kang H, Wightman RH, Jiang S. Stereoselective synthesis of a novel Galf-disaccharide mimic: β-d-galactofuranosyl-(1-5)-β-d-galactofuranosyl motif of mycobacterial cell walls. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Concia AL, Gómez L, Bujons J, Parella T, Vilaplana C, Cardona PJ, Joglar J, Clapés P. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory properties of DAB and LAB derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2005-21. [PMID: 23381224 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A chemo-enzymatic strategy for the preparation of 2-aminomethyl derivatives of (2R,3R,4R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol (also called 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol, DAB) and its enantiomer LAB is presented. The synthesis is based on the enzymatic preparation of DAB and LAB followed by the chemical modification of their hydroxymethyl functionality to afford diverse 2-aminomethyl derivatives. This strategy leads to novel aromatic, aminoalcohol and 2-oxopiperazine DAB and LAB derivatives. The compounds were preliminarily explored as inhibitors of a panel of commercial glycosidases, rat intestinal disaccharidases and against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. It was found that the inhibitory profile of the new products differed considerably from the parent DAB and LAB. Furthermore, some of them were active inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Lisa Concia
- Dept Química Biológica y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Sadhu PS, Santhoshi A, Rao VJ. Total Synthesis of Azasugar 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-galacitol. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Ansiaux C, N'Go I, Vincent SP. Reversible and Efficient Inhibition of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase by Electrophilic, Constrained and Unsaturated UDP-Galactitol Analogues. Chemistry 2012; 18:14860-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Kulshrestha A, Salehi Marzijarani N, Dilip Ashtekar K, Staples R, Borhan B. 3,4-Dihydroxypyrrolidines via Modified Tandem Aza-Payne/Hydroamination Pathway. Org Lett 2012; 14:3592-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301204w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kulshrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | | | - Kumar Dilip Ashtekar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Nisic F, Speciale G, Bernardi A. Stereoselective Synthesis of α- and β-Glycofuranosyl Amides by Traceless Ligation of Glycofuranosyl Azides. Chemistry 2012; 18:6895-906. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Karunan Partha S, Sadeghi-Khomami A, Cren S, Robinson RI, Woodward S, Slowski K, Berast L, Zheng B, Thomas NR, Sanders DAR. Identification of Novel Inhibitors of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Mol Inform 2011; 30:873-83. [PMID: 27468107 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) is a flavo-enzyme involved in the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. UGM catalyzes the reversible isomerization of UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) to UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf). UDP-Galf is the activated precursor of galactofuranose (Galf) residues that are essential components of the cell wall of certain pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Neither UGM nor Galf residues are found in humans, making Galf biosynthesis a potential drug target for developing antibacterial agents. We report the identification of novel inhibitors of UGM by in silico docking of the LeadQuest compound database against UGM from Escherichia coli. The 13 most promising inhibitors were then evaluated against K. pneumonia and M. tuberculosis UGMs by enzyme inhibition studies. Two inhibitors were identified with IC50 values of ∼1 µM and subsequently these compounds were docked into the recently solved X-ray structure of Deinococcus radiodurans UGM. The structure-activity relationships of the initial 13 compounds evaluated as inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathy Karunan Partha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewa, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Khomami
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sylvaine Cren
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard I Robinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Woodward
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate Slowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewa, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Lindsey Berast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewa, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Blake Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Neil R Thomas
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
| | - David A R Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewa, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9.
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Frigell J, Eriksson L, Cumpstey I. Carbasugar analogues of galactofuranosides: β-O-linked derivatives and towards β-S-linked derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1277-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Peltier P, Beláňová M, Dianišková P, Zhou R, Zheng RB, Pearcey JA, Joe M, Brennan PJ, Nugier-Chauvin C, Ferrières V, Lowary TL, Daniellou R, Mikušová K. Synthetic UDP-furanoses as potent inhibitors of mycobacterial galactan biogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:1356-66. [PMID: 21168771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf) is a substrate for two types of enzymes, UDP-galactopyranose mutase and galactofuranosyltransferases, which are present in many pathogenic organisms but absent from mammals. In particular, these enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall galactan, a polymer essential for the survival of the causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We describe here the synthesis of derivatives of UDP-Galf modified at C-5 and C-6 using a chemoenzymatic route. In cell-free assays, these compounds prevented the formation of mycobacterial galactan, via the production of short "dead-end" intermediates resulting from their incorporation into the growing oligosaccharide chain. Modified UDP-furanoses thus constitute novel probes for the study of the two classes of enzymes involved in mycobacterial galactan assembly, and studies with these compounds may ultimately facilitate the future development of new therapeutic agents against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Peltier
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 35708 Rennes, Cedex 7, France
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Nisic F, Bernardi A. Stereoselective synthesis of N-galactofuranosyl amides. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:465-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Carbasugar Analogues of Galactofuranosides: Pseudodisaccharide Mimics of Fragments of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Karjalainen OK, Koskinen AMP. Rapid and practical synthesis of (−)-1-deoxyaltronojirimycin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1231-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Carbohydrates in the thermodynamically disfavored furanose ring conformation are not present in mammalian glycoconjugates, but are widespread in the glycans produced by many bacterial pathogens. In bacteria, these furanose sugars are often found in cell surface glycoconjugates, and are essential for the viability or virulence of the organisms. As a result, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial furanosides are attractive targets as potential selective antimicrobial chemotherapeutics. However, before such chemotherapeutics can be designed, synthesized, and evaluated, more information about the activity and specificity of these enzymes is required. This chapter describes assays that have been used to study enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of one of the most abundant naturally occurring furanose residues, galactofuranose (Galf). In particular, the focus is on UDP-galactopyranose mutase and galactofuranosyltransferases. The assays described in this chapter require UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf); therefore, a procedure for the preparation of UDP-Galf, as well as various UDP-Galf derivatives, using a three-enzyme chemoenzymatic procedure, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles B Poulin
- The Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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33
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Richards MR, Lowary TL. Chemistry and biology of galactofuranose-containing polysaccharides. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1920-38. [PMID: 19591187 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamically less stable form of galactose-galactofuranose (Galf)-is essential for the viability of several pathogenic species of bacteria and protozoa but absent in this form in mammals, so the biochemical pathways by which Galf-containing glycans are assembled and catabolysed are attractive sites for drug action. This potential has led to increasing interest in the synthesis of molecules containing Galf residues, their subsequent use in studies directed towards understanding the enzymes that process these residues and the identification of potential inhibitors of these pathways. Major achievements of the past several years have included an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM), the enzyme that produces UDP-Galf, which is the donor species for galactofuranosyltransferases. A number of methods for the synthesis of galactofuranosides have also been developed, and practitioners in the field now have many options for the initiation of a synthesis of glycoconjugates containing either alpha- or beta-Galf residues. UDP-Galf has also been prepared by a number of approaches, and it appears that a chemoenzymatic approach is currently the most viable method for producing multi-milligram amounts of this important intermediate. Recent advances both in the understanding of the mechanism of UGM and in the synthesis of galactofuranose and its derivatives are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Richards
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
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34
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Poulin MB, Nothaft H, Hug I, Feldman MF, Szymanski CM, Lowary TL. Characterization of a bifunctional pyranose-furanose mutase from Campylobacter jejuni 11168. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:493-501. [PMID: 19887444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.072157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-galactopyranose mutases (UGM) are the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf) from UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp). The enzyme, encoded by the glf gene, is present in bacteria, parasites, and fungi that express Galf in their glycoconjugates. Recently, a UGM homologue encoded by the cj1439 gene has been identified in Campylobacter jejuni 11168, an organism possessing no Galf-containing glycoconjugates. However, the capsular polysaccharide from this strain contains a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactofuranose (GalfNAc) moiety. Using an in vitro high performance liquid chromatography assay and complementation studies, we characterized the activity of this UGM homologue. The enzyme, which we have renamed UDP-N-acetylgalactopyranose mutase (UNGM), has relaxed specificity and can use either UDP-Gal or UDP-GalNAc as a substrate. Complementation studies of mutase knock-outs in C. jejuni 11168 and Escherichia coli W3110, the latter containing Galf residues in its lipopolysaccharide, demonstrated that the enzyme recognizes both UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc in vivo. A homology model of UNGM and site-directed mutagenesis led to the identification of two active site amino acid residues involved in the recognition of the UDP-GalNAc substrate. The specificity of UNGM was characterized using a two-substrate co-incubation assay, which demonstrated, surprisingly, that UDP-Gal is a better substrate than UDP-GalNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles B Poulin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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35
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Zhang L, Sun F, Wang Q, Zhou J, Zhang LH, Zhang XL, Ye XS. Discovery of Iminosugar Derivatives with Strong IFN-γ Inducing Activity. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:756-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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37
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38
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Davis BG. A silver-lined anniversary of Fleet iminosugars: 1984–2009, from DIM to DRAM to LABNAc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Caravano A, Vincent SP. Synthesis of ThreeC-Glycoside Analogues of UDP-Galactopyranose as Conformational Probes for the Mutase-Catalyzed Furanose/Pyranose Interconversion. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Chagnault V, Compain P, Lewinski K, Ikeda K, Asano N, Martin OR. Stereodivergent Access to Polyhydroxylated 10-Azabicyclo[4.3.1]decanes as New Calystegine Analogues. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3179-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chagnault
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Philippe Compain
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Lewinski
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ikeda
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Olivier R. Martin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans-CNRS UMR 6005, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
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41
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Dykhuizen EC, Kiessling LL. Potent ligands for prokaryotic UDP-galactopyranose mutase that exploit an enzyme subsite. Org Lett 2009; 11:193-6. [PMID: 19067595 DOI: 10.1021/ol802094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM or Glf), which catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactopyranose and UDP-galactofuranose, is implicated in the viability and virulence of multiple pathogenic microorganisms. Here we report the synthesis of high-affinity ligands for UGM homologues from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The potency of these compounds stems from their ability to access both the substrate binding pocket and an adjacent site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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42
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Eppe G, Peltier P, Daniellou R, Nugier-Chauvin C, Ferrières V, Vincent SP. Probing UDP-galactopyranose mutase binding pocket: a dramatic effect on substitution of the 6-position of UDP-galactofuranose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:814-6. [PMID: 19119008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) catalyzes the isomerization of UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) into UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf), an essential step of the mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. UDP-(6-deoxy-6-fluoro)-D-galactofuranose 1 was tested as substrate of UGM. Turnover could be observed by HPLC. The k(cat) (7.4s(-1)) and the K(m) (24 mM) of 1 were thus measured and compared with those of UDP-Galf and other fluorinated analogs. The presence of the fluorine atom at the 6-position had a moderate effect on the rate of the reaction but a huge one on the interactions between the enzyme and its substrate. This result demonstrated that key interactions occur at the vicinity of the 6-position of UDP-galactose in the Michaelis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Eppe
- University of Namur (FUNDP), Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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43
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Kumari N, Reddy BG, Vankar YD. Efficient and Stereodivergent Syntheses of D- and L-Fagomines and Their Analogues. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Alam MA, Kumar A, Vankar YD. Total Synthesis of L-(+)-Swainsonine and Other Indolizidine Azasugars from D-Glucose. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Peltier P, Euzen R, Daniellou R, Nugier-Chauvin C, Ferrières V. Recent knowledge and innovations related to hexofuranosides: structure, synthesis and applications. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1897-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Dykhuizen EC, May JF, Tongpenyai A, Kiessling LL. Inhibitors of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Thwart Mycobacterial Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6706-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8018687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Håkansson AE, van Ameijde J, Horne G, Nash RJ, Wormald MR, Kato A, Besra GS, Gurcha S, Fleet GW. Synthesis of the naringinase inhibitors l-swainsonine and related 6-C-methyl-l-swainsonine analogues: (6R)-C-methyl-l-swainsonine is a more potent inhibitor of l-rhamnosidase by an order of magnitude than l-swainsonine. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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49
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Desvergnes S, Desvergnes V, Martin OR, Itoh K, Liu HW, Py S. Stereoselective synthesis of β-1-C-substituted 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-galactitols and evaluation as UDP-galactopyranose mutase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6443-9. [PMID: 17662609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-C-substituted 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-galactitols involving nitrone umpolung is described. The SmI(2)-induced key coupling proved highly stereoselective in favor of the beta-C-substituted products bearing a three-carbon chain at the pseudoanomeric position. Pyrrolidines 9 and 10, as well as the bicyclic compounds 8 and 11, exhibit weak inhibition of the activity of the UDP-galactopyranose mutase from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Desvergnes
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS--Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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50
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Kim IS, Kim SJ, Lee JK, Li QR, Jung YH. Synthesis of (2R,5S)-dihydroxymethyl-(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DGDP) via stereoselective amination using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1502-9. [PMID: 17509544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective approach for synthesizing (2R,5S)-dihydroxymethyl-(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine 1 (2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol, DGDP) was achieved using a seven-step approach starting from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-d-mannose (7). Key steps for the preparation of the title compound 1 involved the regioselective and diastereoselective amination of the cinnamyl anti-1,2-polybenzyl ethers 5 and 6 using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and ring cyclization to form the pyrrolidine ring. The reaction between anti-1,2-polybenzyl ether 5 and CSI in toluene at 0 degrees C afforded the corresponding anti-1,2-amino alcohol 4 as a major product with a diastereoselectivity of 16:1 in 76% yield. The mechanism underlying these reactions may be explained by the neighboring-group effect leading to the retention of stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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