1
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Wang B, Zhang Y, He X. A useful strategy for synthesis of the disaccharide of OSW-1. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30985-30989. [PMID: 37876654 PMCID: PMC10591292 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05748h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A flexible, efficient, and practical synthesis route was developed to synthesize an OSW-1 disaccharide. The synthesis took 13 steps from l-arabinose and d-xylose derivatives, and the overall yield was 7.2%. The region preferentially protects various d-xylose hydroxides because the TBS group selectively reacts with this hydroxide at low concentrations due to greater activity at the C-4 hydroxyl of d-xylose. Then, high efficiency selectively protects C-2 hydroxyl and C-3 hydroxyl of d-xylose, respectively. The first high yield of glycosylation on an OSW-1 synthesis disaccharide was achieved by taking sulfide donor 4 with β-PMP anomeric l-arabinose acceptor 12. The cytotoxicity reveals that the analogy has a high IC50 for a variety of cell types. This approach should provide a versatile way to modify OSW-1's disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Xiangyan He
- Scientific Research and Education Centre, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
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2
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Valiullina ZR, Khasanova LS, Miftakhov MS. Synthesis of 2-(16,17-Epoxy-3β,20-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-yl)-1,3-dithiane from Diosgenin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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4
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Zhan Z, Liu Z, Lai J, Zhang C, Chen Y, Huang H. Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of OSW-1 Isolated From Ornithogalum saundersiae: A Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747718. [PMID: 34631585 PMCID: PMC8496766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, cancer has been a lingering dark cloud floating on people's heads. With rapid population growth and aging worldwide, cancer incidence and mortality are growing rapidly. Despite major advances in oncotherapy including surgery, radiation and chemical therapy, as well as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, cancer is expected be the leading cause of premature death in this century. Nowadays, natural compounds with potential anticancer effects have become an indispensable natural treasure for discovering clinically useful agents and made remarkable achievements in cancer chemotherapy. In this regards, OSW-1, which was isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae in 1992, has exhibited powerful anticancer activities in various cancers. However, after almost three decades, OSW-1 is still far from becoming a real anticancer agent for its anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this review we summarize the available evidence on the anticancer effects and mechanisms of OSW-1 in vitro and in vivo, and some insights for researchers who are interested in OSW-1 as a potential anticancer drug. We conclude that OSW-1 is a potential candidate for anticancer drugs and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Sun L, Zhu D, Beverborg LOG, Wang R, Dang Y, Ma M, Li W, Yu B. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of
OSW
‐1 Analogues Bearing 2”‐
O
‐
p
‐Acylaminobenzoyl
Residues
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Laura Olde Groote Beverborg
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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6
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Liu W, Li P, Mei Y. Discovery of SBF1 as an allosteric inhibitor targeting the PIF-pocket of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1. J Mol Model 2019; 25:187. [PMID: 31197600 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) plays a crucial role in the signal transduction of massive growth-related protein kinases. In this work, a computational study has been performed to investigate the binding pose of the hydrolyzed product of SBF1 (SBF1-) with PDK1. The binding pose was predicted by Vina and was further refined in a molecular dynamics simulation. For comparison, four published low molecular weight compounds (PS48, PS171, PS182, and PS210) binding with PDK1 were also studied. SBF1- was anchored in the PIF-pocket of PDK1 with salt bridge interaction using its carboxylate moiety, which is a common feature among the known ligands. Hydrogen bonds to THR148 and vdW interactions with GLN150 also have contributions to the association affinity. The allosteric regulation on PDK1 via the binding of SBF1- was further addressed. The binding affinity of SBF1- in complex with PDK1 is comparable to those of PS171 and PS182, with an estimated IC50 in a range from 2.0 to 10.0 μ molar. Comparison between the free energy profiles with the presence or absence of SBF1- in the binding pocket indicates that the binding of SBF1- enhances the hinge motion and suppresses the fluctuation of the end-to-end distance in α B of PDK1. These results demonstrate that SBF1- is a promising allosteric regulator of PDK1 targeting the PIF-binding pocket and can serve as a new scaffold template for the design of new drugs targeting PDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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7
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Structures and Biological Activities of Plant Glycosides: Cholestane Glycosides from Ornithogalum Saundersiae, O. Thyrsoides and Galtonia Candicans, and Their Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic phytochemical screening of higher pants using a cytotoxicity-guided fractionation procedure resulted in the isolation from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae (Liliaceae) an acylated cholestane diglycoside, 17α-hydroxy-16β-[(O-(2-O-p-methoxybenzoyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]cholest-5-en-22-one, tentatively named OSW-1. In vitro cytotoxic and in vivo antitumor screening of OSW-1 revealed that it is a possible candidate as a novel anticancer agent. Furthermore, more than 20 OSW-1-related compounds were isolated, not only from the bulbs of O. saundersiae, but also from those of O. thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, which are taxonomically related to O. saundersiae. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of all the isolated compounds and their semi-synthetic analogues allowed the structure-activity relationships of the OSW-1 derivatives to be established. In addition, these three plants were found to produce a series of novel cholestane glycosides with a new rearranged side-chain moiety, 24(23→22)abeo-cholestane, some of which showed potent cytotoxic activity against HL-60 leukemia cells.
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8
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9
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Sun L, Wang R, Wang X, Dang Y, Li W, Yu B. Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of OSW-1 analogues bearing 2-acylamino-xylose residues. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized 38 OSW-1 analogues with 2-acylamino xylose residues and found that the antitumor activities could be greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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10
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Sakurai K, Hiraizumi M, Isogai N, Komatsu R, Shibata T, Ohta Y. Synthesis of a fluorescent photoaffinity probe of OSW-1 by site-selective acylation of an inactive congener and biological evaluation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:517-520. [PMID: 27909709 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent photoaffinity probe of OSW-1 was prepared in two steps from a naturally occurring inactive congener by a sequential site-selective acylation strategy using Me2SnCl2. It displayed highly potent anticancer activity and a similar intracellular localization property to that of a fluorescently-tagged OSW-1, thereby demonstrating its potential utility in live cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - M Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - N Isogai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - R Komatsu
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - T Shibata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Y Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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11
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Wu JJ, Shi Y, Tian WS. Synthesis of the aglycon of aspafiliosides E and F via a spiroketal-forming cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Wu JJ, Shi Y, Tian WS. Synthesis of the aglycon of aspafiliosides E and F based on cascade reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1942-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient synthesis of C17α-OH-tigogenin, which is the aglycon of aspafiliosides E and F. The synthesis features three cascade processes, which involve the iodo-lactonization of furostan-26-acid, a cascade hydrolysis/intramolecular SN2 process, and a cascade intramolecular redox-ketalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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13
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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14
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Zeferino-Diaz R, Hilario-Martinez JC, Rodriguez-Acosta M, Sandoval-Ramirez J, Fernandez-Herrera MA. 22-Oxocholestanes as plant growth promoters. Steroids 2015; 98:126-31. [PMID: 25795152 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The spirostanic steroidal side-chain of diosgenin and hecogenin was modified to produce 22-oxocholestane derivatives. This type of side-chain was obtained in good yields through a straightforward four-step pathway. These compounds show potent brassinosteroid-like growth promoting activity evaluated via the rice lamina joint inclination bioassay. This is the first report of steroidal skeletons bearing the 22-oxocholestane side-chain and preserving the basic structure (A-D rings) from their corresponding parent compounds acting as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Zeferino-Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - J Ciciolil Hilario-Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodriguez-Acosta
- Escuela de Biologia-Licenciatura Multidisciplinaria en Biotecnologia, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico; Herbario y Jardin Botanico, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
| | - Jesus Sandoval-Ramirez
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Maria A Fernandez-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Merida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yuc., Mexico.
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15
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Sakurai K, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Yamada R. Synthesis of OSW-1 Derivatives by Site-Selective Acylation and Their Biological Evaluation. Org Lett 2014; 16:6318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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16
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Kongkathip B, Kongkathip N, Rujirawanich J. New Strategy for Synthesis of the Disaccharide Moiety of the Highly Potent Anticancer Natural Product OSW-1. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.891747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonsong Kongkathip
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Ngampong Kongkathip
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Janjira Rujirawanich
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
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17
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Shingate BB, Hazra BG. A Concise Account of Various Approaches for Stereoselective Construction of the C-20(H) Stereogenic Center in Steroid Side Chain. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6349-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bapurao B. Shingate
- Department
of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Braja G. Hazra
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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18
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Yamada R, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Shinohe D, Ohta Y, Sakurai K. Fluorescent analog of OSW-1 and its cellular localization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1839-42. [PMID: 24613377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OSW-1 is a steroidal saponin, which has emerged as an attractive anticancer agent with highly cancer cell selective activity. A fluorescent analog was prepared from the natural product to analyze its cellular uptake and localization. We found that the fluorescent analog is rapidly internalized into cells and is primarily distributed in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinohe
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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19
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Minato D, Li B, Zhou D, Shigeta Y, Toyooka N, Sakurai H, Sugimoto K, Nemoto H, Matsuya Y. Synthesis and antitumor activity of des-AB analogue of steroidal saponin OSW-1. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Tang Y, Li N, Duan JA, Tao W. Structure, Bioactivity, and Chemical Synthesis of OSW-1 and Other Steroidal Glycosides in the Genus Ornithogalum. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5480-514. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300072s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Nianguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae
Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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21
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Challinor VL, De Voss JJ. Open-chain steroidal glycosides, a diverse class of plant saponins. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:429-54. [PMID: 23377502 DOI: 10.1039/c3np20105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are an important class of plant natural products that consist of a triterpenoid or steroidal skeleton that is glycosylated by varying numbers of sugar units attached at different positions. Steroidal saponins are usually divided into two broad structural classes, namely spirostanol and furostanol saponins. A third, previously unrecognized structural class of plant saponins, the open-chain steroidal saponins, is introduced in this review; these possess an acyclic sidechain in place of the heterocyclic ring/s present in spirostanols and furostanols. Open-chain steroidal saponins are numerous and structurally diverse, with over 150 unique representatives reported from terrestrial plants. Despite this, they have to date been largely overlooked in reviews of plant natural products. This review catalogs the structural diversity of open-chain steroidal saponins isolated from terrestrial plants and discusses aspects of their structure elucidation, biological activities, biosynthesis, and distribution in the plant kingdom. It is intended that this review will provide a point of reference for those working with open-chain steroidal saponins and result in their recognition and inclusion in future reviews of plant saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Challinor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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22
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Iglesias-Arteaga MA, Morzycki JW. Cephalostatins and ritterazines. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2013; 72:153-279. [PMID: 24712099 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407774-4.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article is a tribute to the numerous chemists whose relentless effort for the last quarter of a century resulted in the isolation, identification, and finally the chemical synthesis of a family of bis-steroidal pyrazine alkaloids of marine origin. In the task of defeating cancer, the search for bioactive substances among the naturally occurring compounds is, without any doubt, a preferential approach. The remarkable contribution of Petitt, Fusetani, and their coworkers allowed to discover this family of marine alkaloids that emerge as potential therapeutic anticancer agents, although there is still a long way to go. The challenging and dangerous task of collecting living organisms from deep-waters was followed by a laborious isolation, elucidation of the complicated structures and biological tests. The outcome of this paramount effort was the identification of 45 compounds that stand, to date, as some of the most potent anticancer agents. The intriguing structures of the isolated alkaloids drew the attention of synthetic chemists, valiant enough to undertake the challenging task of synthesizing some of the most active members of the family. Fuchs, Heathcock, Winterfeldt, Suarez, Shair, and their associates pioneered in the establishment of feasible synthetic routes for the preparation of some of the naturally occurring compounds and a large number of synthetic analogs, allowing to establish SAR criteria that have guided the design of new synthetic analogs. Numerous analogs have been prepared to investigate the mechanism of action of bis-steroidal pyrazines, e.g. cephalostatin analogs bearing a strained spiroketal moiety. However, the mechanism of action and the biological target of these compounds remain far from being understood. Therefore, the rational design of simpler, yet highly active analogs seems at the current stage elusive. It is still 1 to clear why these compounds need to be dimeric to show high biological activity. Furthermore, it is not known whether the central pyrazine ring is simply a linker or has some additional function. This could be tested by examining the biological activity of steroidal dimers with other linkers, e.g. with a benzene ring. Such analogs have been actually prepared but without functional groups necessary for biological activity. The clinical trials of cephalostatins have got stuck due to a shortage of material. There is an urgent need to provide highly active, yet not too complex analogs, which could be available in substantial amounts for advanced pharmacological studies.
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23
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Garcia-Prieto C, Riaz Ahmed KB, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Hammoudi N, Kang Y, Lou C, Mei Y, Jin Z, Huang P. Effective killing of leukemia cells by the natural product OSW-1 through disruption of cellular calcium homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3240-50. [PMID: 23250754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
3β,16β,17α-Trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one 16-O-(2-O-4-methoxybenzoyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside (OSW-1) is a natural product with potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer cells, but the exact mechanisms of action remain to be defined. In this study, we showed that OSW-1 effectively killed leukemia cells at subnanomolar concentrations through a unique mechanism by causing a time-dependent elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) prior to induction of apoptosis. A mechanistic study revealed that this compound inhibited the sodium-calcium exchanger 1 on the plasma membrane, leading to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) and a decrease in cytosolic Na(+). The elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) caused mitochondrial calcium overload and resulted in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, OSW-1 also caused a Ca(2+)-dependent cleavage of the survival factor GRP78. Inhibition of Ca(2+) entry into the mitochondria by the uniporter inhibitor RU360 or by cyclosporin A significantly prevented the OSW-1-induced cell death, indicating the important role of mitochondria in mediating the cytotoxic activity. The extremely potent activity of OSW-1 against leukemia cells and its unique mechanism of action suggest that this compound may be potentially useful in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Garcia-Prieto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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24
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Synthesis and biological activity of 23-ethylidene-26-hydroxy-22-oxocholestane derivatives from spirostanic sapogenins. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Macías-Alonso M, Flores-Álamo M, Iglesias-Arteaga MA. On the reactivity of 23-methoxycarbonyl furospirostanes. Steroids 2011; 76:1021-31. [PMID: 21515298 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brønsted and Lewis acid-catalysed reactions of the 23-methoxycarbonyl furospirostanic side chain are described. While bromination, deuteration and BF(3)·Et(2)O/AcOH treatment involve regioselective F-ring opening with exclusive participation of Δ(22)-furostenic intermediates, BF(3)·Et(2)O/Ac(2)O treatment leads to irreversible E- or F-ring cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macías-Alonso
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico
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26
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Maj J, Morzycki JW, Rárová L, Oklešt'ková J, Strnad M, Wojtkielewicz A. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 22-Deoxo-23-oxa Analogues of Saponin OSW-1. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3298-305. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Maj
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek W. Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklešt'ková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Wojtkielewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
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27
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Zheng D, Zhou L, Guan Y, Chen X, Zhou W, Chen X, Lei P. Synthesis of cholestane glycosides bearing OSW-1 disaccharide or its 1→4-linked analogue and their antitumor activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5439-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Tian WS, Guan HP, Pan XF. Mercaptolysis of the E/F Rings of Steroidal Sapogenins: A Concise Synthesis of Δ20(22)-Furostene-26-thioethers. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030210714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Morzycki JW, Pérez-Díaz JOH, Santillan R, Wojtkielewicz A. Unusual oxidative transformations of a steroidal 16alpha,17alpha,22-triol. Steroids 2010; 75:70-6. [PMID: 19857506 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of unexpected reactions were observed during attempts to invert configuration at C16 in 16alpha,17alpha,22-triol 3a. The PDC oxidation of 3a produced the D-seco-aldehyde 4a. Analogous compound 4b was obtained by Swern oxidation of the 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-22-O-TES-ether 3b in addition to the desired 16-ketone 7. The unprotected triol 3a yielded pentacyclic products 5 and 6 under similar conditions. The Mitsunobu reaction of the triol 3a afforded 16-ketone 8 with inverted configuration of the side chain. During heating of a solution of 3a in THF with NaH at reflux autoxidation to the 16-ketone cyclic hemiketal 5, identical to one of the Swern oxidation products, took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland.
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30
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Kang Y, Lou C, Ahmed KBR, Huang P, Jin Z. Synthesis of biotinylated OSW-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5166-8. [PMID: 19640708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OSW-1 is a highly potent anticancer natural saponin with an unknown mode of action. To determine its cellular target(s) biotinylated OSW-1 was successfully synthesized in nine steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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31
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Wang H, Su F, Zhou L, Chen X, Lei P. Synthesis and cytotoxicities of icogenin analogues with disaccharide residues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2796-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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33
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Abstract
A new and practical method was developed to synthesize OSW-1, a natural saponin with potent antitumor activities, from (+)-dehydroisoandrosterone, l-arabinose, and D-xylose on gram scale. The synthesis was achieved in 10 linear steps with an overall yield of 6.4% starting from (+)-dehydroisoandrosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Yanbin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
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34
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Tsubuki M, Matsuo S, Honda T. A new synthesis of potent antitumor saponin OSW-1 via Wittig rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Chen LJ, Xu QH, Huang H, Lin JR, Tian WS. Synthesis of 5(6)-dihydro-OSW-1 by using the intact skeleton of tigogenin. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Tang P, Mamdani F, Hu X, Liu JO, Yu B. Synthesis of OSW saponin analogs with modified sugar residues and their antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1003-7. [PMID: 17127060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eight monosaccharide analogs of the potent antitumor OSW saponins (2-9) were synthesized. One analog, 2-O-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside 3, showed antiproliferative activity against the Jurkat cells (IC(50)=0.078microM) comparable to that of the disaccharide derivative (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Suhr R, Thiem J. Studies Towards the Synthesis of the β‐D‐Xyl‐(1 → 3)‐L‐ara Disaccharide Moiety of OSW‐1 from Ornithogalum saundersiae. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-200029997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Suhr
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, D‐20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiem
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, D‐20146, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Shi B, Tang P, Hu X, Liu JO, Yu B. OSW saponins: facile synthesis toward a new type of structures with potent antitumor activities. J Org Chem 2006; 70:10354-67. [PMID: 16323845 DOI: 10.1021/jo051536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] OSW saponins, featuring a 16beta,17alpha-dihydroxycholest-22-one aglycon and an acylated beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue attached to the 16-hydroxyl group, have recently been discovered from a group of lily plants, which show potent antitumor activities with a novel mechanism of action. This paper describes an aldol approach to the stereoselective construction of the 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxycholest-22-one structure from 16alpha-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-ones and propionates. Elaboration of the aldol adducts toward OSW-1, involving installation of the isoamyl ketone side chain, inversion of the 16-hydroxyl configuration, and selective protection of the C22-oxy function, has been explored and accomplished. In particular, the present route was found convenient for the synthesis of OSW saponin analogues with a C22-ester side chain. Thus, the 23-oxa-analogue of OSW-1 (40) was prepared starting from the industrial dehydroisoandrosterone (1) in a linear eight-step sequence and in 26% overall yield. Analogues with a variety of modified side chains were prepared, via aldol condensation with propionates of varying length, thiopropionate, and acetate (for preparation of 68-75) or via aminolysis of the 22,16-lactone 26 (for preparation of the 23-N-analogues). Cross metathesis (CM) reaction was also found feasible for modification at the final stage from C22-allyl ester 70. Valuable structure-activity relationships (SAR), together with the practical synthetic approach, have thus been provided to set a new stage for further studies on this new type of antitumor structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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A highly efficient synthesis of 22-deoxy-OSW-1 by utilizing the intact skeleton of diosgenin. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Li R, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Ding L. ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS and APCI-IT-MS/MS analysis of steroid saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1-22. [PMID: 16402411 DOI: 10.1002/jms.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry along with an electrospray ionization source (ESI-QqTOF-MS), accurate molecular weights of 13 steroid saponins extracted from the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica were acquired and the corresponding molecular formulae obtained. In order to elucidate the fragmentation pathways of steroid saponins in D. panthaica, 10 authentic samples were investigated using ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS. In addition, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-IT-MS/MS) was used to analyze the structures of 13 steroid saponins in D. panthaica. Through the analysis of their tandem mass data, diagnostic fragment ions of the spirostanol and furostanol steroid saponins in D. panthaica were detected as m/z 271.2056 and 253.1951. In addition, four pairs of isomers were detected and the possible structures of four unknown steroid saponins in D. panthaica speculated. ESI-TOF and APCI-MS(n) have proved to be effective tools for research on fragmentation mechanism of steroid saponins and the rapid determination of native steroid saponins in extract mixture, thereby avoiding tedious derivation and separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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41
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Zhou Y, Garcia-Prieto C, Carney DA, Xu RH, Pelicano H, Kang Y, Yu W, Lou C, Kondo S, Liu J, Harris DM, Estrov Z, Keating MJ, Jin Z, Huang P. OSW-1: a natural compound with potent anticancer activity and a novel mechanism of action. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:1781-5. [PMID: 16333034 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring compound 3beta,16beta,17alpha-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one 16-O-(2-O-4-methoxybenzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-(2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (OSW-1) is found in the bulbs of Ornithogalum saudersiae and is highly cytotoxic against tumor cell lines. Using various human cancer and nonmalignant cell lines, we investigated the anticancer activity and selectivity of OSW-1 and its underlying mechanisms of action. OSW-1 exhibited extremely potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in vitro. Nonmalignant cells were statistically significantly less sensitive to OSW-1 than cancer cells, with concentrations that cause a 50% loss of cell viability 40-150-fold greater than those observed in malignant cells. Electron microscopy and biochemical analyses revealed that OSW-1 damaged the mitochondrial membrane and cristae in both human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells, leading to the loss of transmembrane potential, increase of cytosolic calcium, and activation of calcium-dependent apoptosis. Clones of leukemia cells with mitochondrial DNA defects and respiration deficiency that had adapted the ability to survive in culture without mitochondrial respiration also were resistant to OSW-1. In vitro analysis revealed that OSW-1 effectively killed primary leukemia cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with disease refractory to fludarabine. The promising anticancer activity of OSW-1 and its unique mechanism of action make this compound worthy of further investigation for its potential to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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42
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Betancor C, Freire R, Pérez-Martín I, Prangé T, Suárez E. Hydrogen atom transfer methodology for the synthesis of C-22, C-23, and C-25 stereoisomers of cephalostatin north 1 side chain from spirostan sapogenins. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Matsuya Y, Masuda S, Ohsawa N, Adam S, Tschamber T, Eustache J, Kamoshita K, Sukenaga Y, Nemoto H. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of the Estrane Analogue of OSW-1. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Morzycki JW, Wojtkielewicz A, Wołczyński S. Synthesis of analogues of a potent antitumor saponin OSW-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:3323-6. [PMID: 15149699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of side chain analogues (5a-e), a 22-glycosylated isomer (10), and 16beta-O-l-arabinosyl (13a) or 16beta-O-d-xylosyl (13b) analogues of OSW-1 were synthesized. All analogues were found to be less cytotoxic against breast and endometrial cancer cell lines than the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, al. Pilsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Bialystok, Poland.
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45
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46
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Chaosuancharoen N, Kongkathip N, Kongkathip B. A Novel Synthetic Approach from Diosgenin to a 17α‐Hydroxy Orthoester via a Regio‐ and Stereo‐Specific Rearrangement of an Epoxy Ester. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120028627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Gu G, Du Y, Linhardt RJ. Facile synthesis of saponins containing 2,3-branched oligosaccharides by using partially protected glycosyl donors. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5497-500. [PMID: 15287807 PMCID: PMC4140558 DOI: 10.1021/jo0493929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two natural saponins 1 and 2, isolated from Solanum indicum L., and containing 2,3-branched sugar moieties, have been efficiently synthesized. Partially protected monosaccharide and disaccharide donors were used to facilitate target synthesis. Stereo factors were critical in incorporating 2,3-branched sugars on steroid aglycones. Saponin 1 was synthesized in five steps and 30% overall yield, while saponin 2 was obtained using six straightforward sequential reactions in 31% overall yield. Saponin 2 shows promising cytotoxic activity toward human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 with an IC50 of <6 microg/mL.
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48
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Deng L, Wu H, Yu B, Jiang M, Wu J. Synthesis of OSW-1 analogs with modified side chains and their antitumor activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2781-5. [PMID: 15125932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Four analogs of OSW-1 (1-4) with modified side chains on the steroidal skeleton were synthesized following modification of our previous route for the total synthesis of OSW-1. Testing of the analogs against growth of tumor cells demonstrated that the 22-one function and the full length of the side chain of OSW-1 were not required for the antitumor action of OSW-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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49
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Watanabe B, Yamamoto S, Sasaki K, Nakagawa Y, Miyagawa H. A simple synthesis of 6-deoxoteasterone and its 20-epimer. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Xu QH, Peng XW, Tian WS. A new strategy for synthesizing the steroids with side chains from steroidal sapogenins: synthesis of the aglycone of OSW-1 by using the intact skeleton of diosgenin. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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