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Su M, Fang J, Jia Z, Su Y, Zhu Y, Wu B, Little JC, Yu J, Yang M. Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol is regulated by chromatic acclimation of Pseudanabaena. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115260. [PMID: 36649844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can sense different light color by adjusting the components of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a (Chl a), phycoerythrin (PE), and phycocyanin (PC), etc. Filamentous cyanobacteria are the main producer of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and many can increase their PE levels so that they are more competitive in subsurface layer where green light is more abundant, and have caused extensive odor problems in drinking water reservoirs. Here, we identified the potential correlation between MIB biosynthesis and ambient light color induced chromatic acclimation (CA) of a MIB-producing Pseudanabaena strain. The results suggest Pseudanabaena regulates the pigment proportion through Type III CA (CA3), by increasing PE abundance and decreasing PC in green light. The biosynthesis of MIB and Chl a share the common precursor, and are positively correlated with statistical significance regardless of light color (R2=0.68; p<0.001). Besides, the PE abundance is also positively correlated with Chl a in green light (R2=0.57; p=0.019) since PE is the antenna that can only transfer the energy to PC and Chl a. In addition, significantly higher MIB production was observed in green light since more Chl a was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zeyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Yuliang Su
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, 519020, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Co. Ltd., Beiai Rd. 1540, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, 519020, China
| | - John C Little
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0246, USA
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Elbestawy AR, Ellakany HF, Abaza SS, Geneedy AM, Salem HM, Taha AE, Swelum AA, Omer FA, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA. Undesirable odour substances (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol) in water environment: Sources, impacts and removal strategies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113579. [PMID: 35398689 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Off-flavours in fish products generated from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are a major problem in the fish farming industry affecting the market demand and prices. A particular concern is the muddy or musty odour and taste in fish due to the presence of secondary metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), produced by actinobacteria (mainly Streptomyces), myxobacteria and cyanobacteria. Off-flavours have deteriorated the quality of fish, rendering their products unfit for human consumption. The process of odour removal requires purification for several days to weeks in clean water; thus this leads to additional production costs. Geosmin and 2-MIB, detected at extremely low odour thresholds, are the most widespread off-flavour metabolites in aquaculture, entering through fish gills and accumulating in the fish adipose tissues. In this review, we aimed to determine the diversity and identity of geosmin- and 2-MIB-producing bacteria in aquaculture and provide possible strategies for their elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hany F Ellakany
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Samar S Abaza
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Amr M Geneedy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Fatima A Omer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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Shan WG, Ying YM, Ma LF, Zhan ZJ. Drimane-Related Merosesquiterpenoids, a Promising Library of Metabolites for Drug Development. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chang WC, Song H, Liu HW, Liu P. Current development in isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis and regulation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:571-9. [PMID: 23891475 PMCID: PMC4068245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are one of the largest classes of natural products and all of them are constructed from two precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). For decades, the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway was proposed to be the only IPP and DMAPP biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the newly discovered IPP and DMAPP production pathways since late 1990s, their distribution among different kingdoms, and their roles in secondary metabolite production. These new IPP and DMAPP production pathways include the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, a modified MVA pathway, and the 5-methylthioadenosine shunt pathway. Relative to the studies on the MVA pathway, information on the MEP pathway regulation is limited and the mechanistic details of several of its novel transformations remain to be addressed. Current status on both MEP pathway regulation and mechanistic issues is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chen Chang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Heng Song
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Auffret M, Yergeau É, Pilote A, Proulx É, Proulx D, Greer CW, Vandenberg G, Villemur R. Impact of water quality on the bacterial populations and off-flavours in recirculating aquaculture systems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 84:235-47. [PMID: 23228051 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of factors affecting water quality in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are associated with the occurrence of off-flavours. In this study, we report the impact of water quality on the bacterial diversity and the occurrence of the geosmin-synthesis gene (geoA) in two RAS units operated for 252 days. Unit 2 displayed a higher level of turbidity and phosphate, which affected the fresh water quality compared with unit 1. In the biofilter, nitrification is one of the major processes by which high water quality is maintained. The bacterial population observed in the unit 1 biofilter was more stable throughout the experiment, with a higher level of nitrifying bacteria compared with the unit 2 biofilter. Geosmin appeared in fish flesh after 84 days in unit 2, whereas it appeared in unit 1 after 168 days, but at a much lower level. The geoA gene was detected in both units, 28 days prior to the detection of geosmin in fish flesh. In addition, we detected sequences associated with Sorangium and Nannocystis (Myxococcales): members of these genera are known to produce geosmin. These sequences were observed at an earlier time in unit 2 and at a higher level than in unit 1. This study confirms the advantages of new molecular methods to understand the occurrence of geosmin production in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Auffret
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada.
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6
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Hemmerlin A, Harwood JL, Bach TJ. A raison d'être for two distinct pathways in the early steps of plant isoprenoid biosynthesis? Prog Lipid Res 2011; 51:95-148. [PMID: 22197147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When compared to other organisms, plants are atypical with respect to isoprenoid biosynthesis: they utilize two distinct and separately compartmentalized pathways to build up isoprene units. The co-existence of these pathways in the cytosol and in plastids might permit the synthesis of many vital compounds, being essential for a sessile organism. While substrate exchange across membranes has been shown for a variety of plant species, lack of complementation of strong phenotypes, resulting from inactivation of either the cytosolic pathway (growth and development defects) or the plastidial pathway (pigment bleaching), seems to be surprising at first sight. Hundreds of isoprenoids have been analyzed to determine their biosynthetic origins. It can be concluded that in angiosperms, under standard growth conditions, C₂₀-phytyl moieties, C₃₀-triterpenes and C₄₀-carotenoids are made nearly exclusively within compartmentalized pathways, while mixed origins are widespread for other types of isoprenoid-derived molecules. It seems likely that this coexistence is essential for the interaction of plants with their environment. A major purpose of this review is to summarize such observations, especially within an ecological and functional context and with some emphasis on regulation. This latter aspect still requires more work and present conclusions are preliminary, although some general features seem to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Hemmerlin
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBMP-CNRS-UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 28 Rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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7
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Spanova M, Daum G. Squalene - biochemistry, molecular biology, process biotechnology, and applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Terpenoids produced by actinomycetes: isolation, structural elucidation and biosynthesis of new diterpenes, gifhornenolones A and B from Verrucosispora gifhornensis YM28-088. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:245-50. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Izumikawa M, Khan ST, Takagi M, Shin-ya K. Sponge-derived Streptomyces producing isoprenoids via the mevalonate pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:208-212. [PMID: 20085309 DOI: 10.1021/np900747t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our screening program for isoprenoids of marine actinobacterial origin, 523 actinobacterial strains were isolated from marine samples. Actinobacteria usually use the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for the production of primary metabolites, but some have been reported to use the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the production of isoprenoids as secondary metabolites. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a key enzyme and plays an important role in the MVA pathway. Therefore, we screened strains possessing the HMGR gene from the 523 strains mentioned above and also investigated isoprenoid compounds from cultures of strains possessing HMGR genes. As a result, Streptomyces sp. SpC080624SC-11 isolated from a marine sponge, Cinachyra sp., was shown to possess the HMGR gene and produce novel isoprenoids, JBIR-46 (1), -47 (2), and -48 (3). On the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses, the structures of 1-3 were determined to be phenazine derivatives harboring dimethylallyl moieties. Furthermore, the isoprene units of 2 and 3 were confirmed to be synthesized via the MVA pathway in a feeding experiment using [1-(13)C]acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Izumikawa
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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10
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Khan ST, Izumikawa M, Motohashi K, Mukai A, Takagi M, Shin-Ya K. Distribution of the 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene and isoprenoid production in marine-derived Actinobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 304:89-96. [PMID: 20067528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of our screening program to isolate isoprenoids from marine Actinobacteria, 523 actinobacterial strains were isolated from 18 marine sponges, a tunicate, and two marine sediments. These strains belonged to 21 different genera, but most were members of Streptomyces, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Micromonospora. Some Actinobacteria have been reported to use the mevalonate pathway for the production of isoprenoids as secondary metabolites. Therefore, we investigated whether these strains possessed the 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (hmgr) gene, which indicates the presence of the mevalonate pathway. As a result, six strains belonging to the genera Streptomyces (SpC080624SC-11, SpA080624GE-02, and Sp080513GE-23), Nocardia (Sp080513SC-18), and Micromonospora (Se080624GE-07 and SpC080624GE-05) were found to possess the hmgr gene, and these genes were highly similar to hmgr genes in isoprenoid biosynthetic gene clusters. Among the six strains, the two strains SpC080624SC-11 and SpA080624GE-02 produced the novel isoprenoids, JBIR-46, -47, and -48, which consisted of phenazine chromophores, and Sp080513GE-23 produced a known isoprenoid, fumaquinone. Furthermore, these compounds showed cytotoxic activity against human acute myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez Khan
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium,Tokyo, Japan
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Saleh O, Haagen Y, Seeger K, Heide L. Prenyl transfer to aromatic substrates in the biosynthesis of aminocoumarins, meroterpenoids and phenazines: the ABBA prenyltransferase family. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1728-1738. [PMID: 19559450 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic prenyltransferases transfer prenyl moieties onto aromatic acceptor molecules, catalyzing an electrophilic substitution of the aromatic ring under formation of carbon-carbon bonds. They give rise to an astounding diversity of primary and secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. This review describes a recently discovered family of aromatic prenyltransferases. The structure of these enyzmes shows a type of beta/alpha fold with antiparallel beta strands. Due to the alpha-beta-beta-alpha architecture of this fold, this group of enzymes was designated as ABBA prenyltransferases. They lack the (N/D)DxxD motif which is characteristic for many other prenyltransferases. At present, 14 genes with sequence similarity to ABBA prenyltransferases can be identified in the database. A phylogenetic analysis of these genes separates them into two clades. One of them comprises the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 3-dimethylallyltransferases CloQ and NovQ involved in aminocoumarin antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces strains, as well as four genes of unknown function from fungal genomes. The other clade comprises genes involved in the biosynthesis of prenylated naphthoquinones and prenylated phenazines in different streptomycetes. ABBA prenyltransferases are soluble biocatalysts which can easily be obtained as homogeneous proteins in significant amounts. Their substrates are accommodated in a surprisingly spacious central cavity which explains their promiscuity for different aromatic substrates. Therefore, the enzymes of this family represent attractive tools for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orwah Saleh
- Pharmazeutische Biologie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Höfle G, Kunze B. Biosynthesis of aurachins A-L in Stigmatella aurantiaca: a feeding study. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1843-1849. [PMID: 18989924 DOI: 10.1021/np8003084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of aurachins A-L (1-11) from Stigmatella aurantiaca strain Sg a15 is described. Their structures and relative configurations were deduced from spectroscopic data, in particular NMR. Three structural types were identified: A-type aurachins (1, 2, 6) are C-3 oxygen-substituted quinolines carrying a farnesyl residue on C-4, C-type aurachins (3, 4, 7-11) are C-4 oxygen-substituted quinolines carrying a farnesyl residue on C-3, and C-type aurachin E (5) has a [1,1a,8,d]imidazoloquinoline structure. Feeding of (13)C-labeled precursors showed that the quinoline ring is constructed from anthranilic acid and acetate, and the farnesyl residue from acetate by both the mevalonate and nonmevalonate pathways. Further, feeding of labeled aurachin C (3) indicated the A-type aurachins are derived by a novel intramolecular 3,4-migration of the farnesyl residue that is induced by a 2,3-epoxidation and terminated by a reduction step. (18)O-Labeling experiments indicated the new oxygen substituents originate from atomospheric oxygen. On the basis of these results a biosynthetic scheme covering all aurachins is proposed. It is further proposed that quinolones with an unorthodox substitution pattern, such as the 2-geranylquinolones from Pseudonocardia sp. and the 3-heptylquinolones from Pseudomonas sp., are formed by related rearrangement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Höfle
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (previously GBF, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Motohashi K, Ueno R, Sue M, Furihata K, Matsumoto T, Dairi T, Omura S, Seto H. Studies on terpenoids produced by actinomycetes: oxaloterpins A, B, C, D, and E, diterpenes from Streptomyces sp. KO-3988. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1712-1717. [PMID: 17970596 DOI: 10.1021/np070326m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Following screening for terpenoids produced by Streptomyces sp. KO-3988, five new diterpenes named oxaloterpins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5) together with the known viguiepinone (6) were isolated from culture broth, and their structures were established on the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses. The absolute configuration of oxaloterpin A was determined by the modified Mosher's method as 3 R, 5 S, 8 S, 10 R, 13 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Motohashi
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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14
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Jüttner F, Watson SB. Biochemical and ecological control of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in source waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4395-406. [PMID: 17400777 PMCID: PMC1932821 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02250-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Jüttner
- Institute of Plant Biology, Limnological Station, University of Zürich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
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15
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Mahmud T. Isotope tracer investigations of natural products biosynthesis: the discovery of novel metabolic pathways. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Takagi H, Motohashi K, Miyamoto T, Shin-ya K, Furihata K, Seto H. Studies on Terpenoids Produced by Actinomycetes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:275-8. [PMID: 15981415 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a result of screening for terpenoids produced by Actinomycetes, naphterpins B and C, two new congeners of naphterpin were isolated from Streptomyces sp. CL190 and their structures were determined by NMR spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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17
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Dairi T. Studies on Biosynthetic Genes and Enzymes of Isoprenoids Produced by Actinomycetes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:227-43. [PMID: 15981409 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Most Streptomyces strains are equipped with only the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, a common precursor of isoprenoids. In addition to this pathway, some Streptomyces strains possess the mevalonate (MV) pathway via which isoprenoid antibiotics are produced. We have recently cloned and analyzed the MV pathway gene clusters and their flanking regions from terpentecin, BE-40644, and furaquinocin A producers. All these clusters contained genes coding for mevalonate kinase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, phosphomevalonate kinase, type 2 IPP isomerase, HMG-CoA reductase, and HMG-CoA synthase. The order of each of the open reading frames (ORFs) is also the same, and the respective homologous ORFs show more than 70% amino acid identity with each other. In contrast to these conservative gene organizations, the biosynthetic genes of terpentecin, BE-40644, and furaquinocin A were located just upstream and/or downstream of the MV pathway gene cluster. These facts suggested that all the actinomycete strains possessing both the MV and MEP pathways produce isoprenoid compounds and the biosynthetic genes of one of these isoprenoids usually exist adjacent to the MV pathway gene cluster. Therefore, when the presence of the MV cluster is detected by molecular genetic techniques, isoprenoids may be produced by the cultivation of these actinomycete strains. During the course of these studies, we identified diterpene cyclases possessing unique primary structures that differ from those of eukaryotes and catalyze unique reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Dairi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi-machi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Shin-ya K, Umeda Y, Chijiwa S, Furihata K, Furihata K, Hayakawa Y, Seto H. Mevashuntin, a novel metabolite produced by inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in Streptomyces prunicolor. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Poupot M, Fournié JJ. Non-peptide antigens activating human Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2004; 95:129-38. [PMID: 15388252 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Revised: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various non-peptidic ligands which specifically activate most of circulating human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocytes are now known. Most of these are so-called phosphoantigens and directly trigger the Vgamma9/Vdelta2 TCR expressing cells, without need for MHC-restricted presentation molecules. Although some potent phosphoantigens currently involved in clinical trials are chemically-synthesized molecules, most of the natural antigens were isolated from microbial cultures. The structures and biosynthesis of phosphoantigens are reviewed here and the possible physiological significance of their recognition by gammadelta T lymphocytes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Poupot
- département Oncogénèse and Signalisation dans les Cellules Hématopoiétiques, Unité 563 de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, BP3028, 31024 Toulouse, France
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20
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Boucher Y, Douady CJ, Papke RT, Walsh DA, Boudreau MER, Nesbø CL, Case RJ, Doolittle WF. Lateral gene transfer and the origins of prokaryotic groups. Annu Rev Genet 2004; 37:283-328. [PMID: 14616063 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genet.37.050503.084247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is now known to be a major force in the evolution of prokaryotic genomes. To date, most analyses have focused on either (a) verifying phylogenies of individual genes thought to have been transferred, or (b) estimating the fraction of individual genomes likely to have been introduced by transfer. Neither approach does justice to the ability of LGT to effect massive and complex transformations in basic biology. In some cases, such transformation will be manifested as the patchy distribution of a seemingly fundamental property (such as aerobiosis or nitrogen fixation) among the members of a group classically defined by the sharing of other properties (metabolic, morphological, or molecular, such as small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence). In other cases, the lineage of recipients so transformed may be seen to comprise a new group of high taxonomic rank ("class" or even "phylum"). Here we review evidence for an important role of LGT in the evolution of photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, nitrogen fixation, sulfate reduction, methylotrophy, isoprenoid biosynthesis, quorum sensing, flotation (gas vesicles), thermophily, and halophily. Sometimes transfer of complex gene clusters may have been involved, whereas other times separate exchanges of many genes must be invoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Boucher
- Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biochemistry, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5859 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4H7
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21
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Spiteller D, Jux A, Piel J, Boland W. Feeding of [5,5-2H(2)]-1-desoxy-D-xylulose and [4,4,6,6,6-2H(5)]-mevalolactone to a geosmin-producing Streptomyces sp. and Fossombronia pusilla. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 61:827-834. [PMID: 12453575 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the trisnor sesquiterpenoid geosmin (4,8a-dimethyl-octahydro-naphthalen-4a-ol) (1) was investigated by feeding labeled [5,5-2H(2)]-1-desoxy-D-xylulose (11), [4,4,6,6,6-(2)H(5)]-mevalolactone (7) and [2,2-2H(2)]-mevalolactone (9) to Streptomyces sp. JP95 and the liverwort Fossombronia pusilla. The micro-organism produced geosmin via the 1-desoxy-D-xylulose pathway, whereas the liverwort exclusively utilized mevalolactone for terpenoid biosynthesis. Analysis of the labeling pattern in the resulting isotopomers of geosmin (1) by mass spectroscopy (EI/MS) revealed that geosmin is synthesized in both organisms by cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to a germacradiene-type intermediate 4. Further transformations en route to geosmin (1) involve an oxidative dealkylation of an i-propyl substituent, 1,2-reduction of a resulting conjugated diene, and bicyclization of a germacatriene intermediate 13. The transformations largely resemble the biosynthesis of dehydrogeosmin (2) in cactus flowers but differ with respect to the regioselectivity of the side chain dealkylation and 1,2-reduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Spiteller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Okologie, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, Jena, Germany
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22
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Burley SK, Bonanno JB. Structural genomics of proteins from conserved biochemical pathways and processes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2002; 12:383-91. [PMID: 12127459 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During the past year, X-ray crystallographers and solution NMR spectroscopists have made significant progress towards the complete structural characterization of conserved biochemical pathways and processes. Some of these advances were made in the context of nascent structural genomics programs, which promise to accelerate structural studies of biologically and medically important proteins. The results of high-throughput protein production, crystallization, structure determination, homology modeling and functional annotation published by two such programs have provided insight into the evolution and function of enzymes in the isoprenoid biosynthesis and ribulose monophosphate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Burley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratories of Molecular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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23
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Boucher Y, Doolittle WF. The role of lateral gene transfer in the evolution of isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. Mol Microbiol 2000; 37:703-16. [PMID: 10972794 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a major force in microbial genome evolution. Here, we present an overview of lateral transfers affecting genes involved in isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) synthesis. Two alternative metabolic pathways can synthesize this universal precursor of isoprenoids, the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) pathway and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. We have surveyed recent genomic data and the biochemical literature to determine the distribution of the genes composing these pathways within the bacterial domain. The scattered distribution observed is incompatible with a simple scheme of vertical transmission. LGT (among and between bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes) more parsimoniously explains many features of this pattern. This alternative scenario is supported by phylogenetic analyses, which unambiguously confirm several cases of lateral transfer. Available biochemical data allow the formulation of hypotheses about selective pressures favouring transfer. The phylogenetic diversity of the organisms involved and the range of possible causes and effects of these transfer events make the IPP biosynthetic pathways an ideal system for studying the evolutionary role of LGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Boucher
- Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Kuzuyama T, Takagi M, Takahashi S, Seto H. Cloning and characterization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase from Streptomyces sp. Strain CL190, which uses both the mevalonate and nonmevalonate pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:891-7. [PMID: 10648511 PMCID: PMC94361 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.4.891-897.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the ubiquitous mevalonate pathway, Streptomyces sp. strain CL190 utilizes the nonmevalonate pathway for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis. The initial step of this nonmevalonate pathway is the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) by condensation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catalyzed by DXP synthase. The corresponding gene, dxs, was cloned from CL190 by using PCR with two oligonucleotide primers synthesized on the basis of two highly conserved regions among dxs homologs from six genera. The dxs gene of CL190 encodes 631 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 68 kDa. The recombinant enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli was purified as a soluble protein and characterized. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 70 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 130 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is most likely to be a dimer. The enzyme showed a pH optimum of 9.0, with a V(max) of 370 U per mg of protein and K(m)s of 65 microM for pyruvate and 120 microM for D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The purified enzyme catalyzed the formation of 1-deoxyxylulose by condensation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde as well, with a K(m) value of 35 mM for D-glyceraldehyde. To compare the enzymatic properties of CL190 and E. coli DXP synthases, the latter enzyme was also overexpressed and purified. Although these two enzymes had different origins, they showed the same enzymatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuzuyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Eisenreich W, Rieder C, Grammes C, Hessler G, Adam KP, Becker H, Arigoni D, Bacher A. Biosynthesis of a neo-epi-verrucosane diterpene in the liverwort Fossombronia alaskana. A retrobiosynthetic NMR study. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:36312-20. [PMID: 10593922 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.51.36312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the diterpene 8alpha-acetoxy-13alpha-hydroxy-5-oxo-13-epi- neoverrucosane in the arctic liverwort Fossombronia alaskana was studied by incorporation experiments using [1-(13)C]- and [U-(13)C(6)]glucose as precursors. The (13)C-labeling patterns of acetyl-CoA, pyruvate, and phosphoenolpyruvate in intermediary metabolism were reconstructed from the (13)C NMR data of biosynthetic amino acids (leucine, alanine, phenylalanine) and were used to predict hypothetical labeling patterns for isopentenyl pyrophosphate formed via the mevalonate pathway and the deoxyxylulose pathway. The labeling patterns observed for the neoverrucosane diterpene were consistent with the intermediate formation of geranyllinaloyl pyrophosphate assembled from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and three molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate generated predominantly or entirely via 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate. The experimental data can be integrated into a detailed biosynthetic scheme involving a 1,5-hydride shift. The postulated involvement of the 1,5-hydride shift was confirmed by an incorporation experiment with [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Eisenreich
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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