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Armaly AM, DePorre YC, Groso EJ, Riehl PS, Schindler CS. Discovery of Novel Synthetic Methodologies and Reagents during Natural Product Synthesis in the Post-Palytoxin Era. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9232-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Armaly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yvonne C. DePorre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emilia J. Groso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul S. Riehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Drahl MA, Manpadi M, Williams LJ. C-C fragmentation: origins and recent applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11222-51. [PMID: 24115282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been 60 years since Eschenmoser and Frey disclosed the archetypal CC fragmentation reaction. New fragmentations and several variants of the original quickly followed. Many of these variations, which include the Beckmann, Grob, Wharton, Marshall, and Eschenmoser-Tanabe fragmentations, have been reviewed over the intervening years. A close examination of the origins of fragmentation has not been described. Recently, useful new methods have flourished, particularly fragmentations that give alkynes and allenes, and such reactions have been applied to a range of complex motifs and natural products. This Review traces the origins of fragmentation reactions and provides a summary of the methods, applications, and new insights of heterolytic CC fragmentation reactions advanced over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Drahl
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA)
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3
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Drahl MA, Manpadi M, Williams LJ. C-C-Fragmentierung: Herkunft und jüngste Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Presset M, Coquerel Y, Rodriguez J. Syntheses and Applications of Functionalized Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Thirteen Years of Progress. Chem Rev 2012; 113:525-95. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200364p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Presset
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
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6
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Yamamoto N, Fujii H, Imaide S, Hirayama S, Nemoto T, Inokoshi J, Tomoda H, Nagase H. Synthesis of (−)-Homogalanthamine from Naltrexone. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2257-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1022487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Yamamoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satomi Imaide
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hirayama
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toru Nemoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Junji Inokoshi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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7
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Singh R, Ghosh SK. A dimethylsulfonium methylide mediated highly regioselective olefination of conjugated polyolefin 1,1-dioates to conjugated polyene-2-yl-malonates and their applications in Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Prantz K, Mulzer J. Synthetic Applications of the Carbonyl Generating Grob Fragmentation. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3741-66. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Prantz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Mulzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Chen X, Zheng Y, Shen Y. Natural Products with Maleic Anhydride Structure: Nonadrides, Tautomycin, Chaetomellic Anhydride, and Other Compounds. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1777-830. [PMID: 17439289 DOI: 10.1021/cr050029r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
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10
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Thornqvist V, Manner S, Frejd T. Enantioselective synthesis of bridgehead hydroxyl bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives via asymmetric allylindation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Yoshimitsu T, Sasaki S, Arano Y, Nagaoka H. Studies on the Total Synthesis of (−)-CP-263,114. J Org Chem 2004; 69:9262-8. [PMID: 15609965 DOI: 10.1021/jo048681u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxyl radicals have a wide range of applications in organic synthesis due to their remarkable chemical properties in molecular transformation. The present study shows two types of alkoxyl radicals (primary vs tertiary) to selectively undergo dehydrogenation and beta-scission to give rise to key structural elements of (-)-CP-263,114 (1). By alkoxyl radical transformation followed by installation of the C19-C25 (CP numbering) side chain and the bridged bisacetal unit, the functionalized CP precursor 2 was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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12
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Spiegel DA, Njardarson JT, McDonald IM, Wood JL. The art of innovation in organic chemistry: synthetic efforts toward the phomoidrides. Chem Rev 2003; 103:2691-727. [PMID: 12848583 DOI: 10.1021/cr020408+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Spiegel
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Abstract
The phomoidrides are a structurally fascinating family of natural products which possess moderate inhibitory activity against Ras farnesyl transferase and squalene synthase. Since their discovery they have inspired a great deal of attention from synthetic chemists. Our own work, culminating in an efficient synthesis of the fully elaborated tetracyclic core of phomoidrides B and D, is described herein. The synthesis relies on a late stage tandem reaction involving a novel carbonylation reaction that delivers the strained bicyclic pseudoester system, which strain in turn drives a highly efficient silyloxy-Cope rearrangement that delivers the tetracyclic core of phomoidrides B and D. Several examples of this powerful tandem reaction are presented that document its tolerance of significant structural variation. The application of this methodology to the synthesis of a phomoidride D precursor lacking only the maleic anhydride is described, and the prospects for the completion of a total synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Bio
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
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14
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Spiegel DA, Njardarson JT, Wood JL. CP-263,114 synthetic studies. Construction of an isotwistane ring system via rhodium carbenoid C–H insertion. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Nicolaou KC, Jung J, Yoon WH, Fong KC, Choi HS, He Y, Zhong YL, Baran PS. Total synthesis of the CP-molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, phomoidrides B and A). 1. Racemic and asymmetric synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.1] key building blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:2183-9. [PMID: 11878972 DOI: 10.1021/ja012010l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A brief introduction into the chemistry of the CP-molecules is followed by first-generation synthetic sequences toward key building blocks for their total synthesis. Processes for both racemic and enantiomerically enriched bicyclo[4.3.1] ketone 6 or its equivalent are described, and the absolute stereochemistries of the optically enriched intermediates are determined. The efficient route developed to racemic 6 and the ready access to both enantiomers of key building blocks provided the opportunity for the total synthesis of the CP-molecules and determination of their absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Three different approaches to the carbocyclic core of CP-263,114 are presented that illustrate a strategic evolution from an oxy-Cope rearrangement to variants of the Wharton fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Njardarson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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18
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Molander GA, Le Huérou Y, Brown GA. Sequenced reactions with samarium(II) iodide. Sequential intramolecular Barbier cyclization/Grob fragmentation for the synthesis of medium-sized carbocycles. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4511-6. [PMID: 11421769 DOI: 10.1021/jo001513r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Samarium(II) iodide was used to access eight-, nine-, and ten-membered carbocycles via a domino reaction composed of a cyclization/fragmentation process. 2-(Iodoalkyl)-, 2-(iodomethyl)allyl-, and 2-(2-iodomethyl)benzyl-2-methyl-3-(methanesulfonyloxy)cycloalkanones were subjected to Barbier-type reductive coupling conditions. Intermediate cycloalkanedione derivatives were also treated under similar conditions, providing bicyclic hydroxy ketones with complete diastereoselectivity and high yields. This method represents a general and efficient approach to a variety of highly functionalized, stereodefined carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.
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Spencer P, Agnelli F, Sulikowski GA. Investigations into the production and interconversion of phomoidrides A-D. Org Lett 2001; 3:1443-5. [PMID: 11388837 DOI: 10.1021/ol015707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Fermentation of ATCC 74256 led to the isolation and identification of C7 epimers of phomoidride A (CP-225,917) and phomoidride B (CP-263,114). We suggest the names phomoidrides C and D for these new fermentation products. Studies on the effect of pH on the distribution of phomoidrides A-D suggest phomoidride B (CP-263,114) is the first-formed secondary metabolite and the source of the remaining three phomoidrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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20
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Tan Q, Danishefsky SJ. The Synthesis of CP-263,114 and CP-225,917: Striking Long-Range Stereocontrol in the Fashioning of C7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001215)39:24<4509::aid-anie4509>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Tan Q, Danishefsky SJ. The Synthesis of CP-263,114 and CP-225,917: Striking Long-Range Stereocontrol in the Fashioning of C7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001215)112:24<4683::aid-ange4683>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Yoshimitsu T, Yanagisawa S, Nagaoka H. Asymmetric synthesis of the core structure of (-)-CP-263,114. Org Lett 2000; 2:3751-4. [PMID: 11073692 DOI: 10.1021/ol000290o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective construction of a fully functionalized core structure of (-)-CP-263,114 (1), containing most of the required functionality for total synthesis, was conducted through sequential radical fragmentation-reductive olefination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimitsu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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23
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Bio MM, Leighton JL. Stereoconvergent palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of both E and Z isomers of a 2-trifloxy-1,3-butadiene. Org Lett 2000; 2:2905-7. [PMID: 10964395 DOI: 10.1021/ol0063609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Carbonylation of the illustrated Z-tetrasubstituted enol triflate followed by tandem silyloxy-Cope rearrangement leads to the CP-263, 114 core ring system with the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter intact in 46% yield. Subjection of the corresponding E isomer to the same conditions gives the same product in 56% yield. This observation is explained by a mechanism involving isomerization of a pi-allyl palladium species involving an allenic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bio
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Waizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo, CREST The Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo, CREST The Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo, CREST The Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Mark E. Layton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Scott M. Sheehan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Davies HM, Calvo RL, Townsend RJ, Ren P, Churchill RM. An exploratory study of type II [3 + 4] cycloadditions between vinylcarbenoids and dienes. J Org Chem 2000; 65:4261-8. [PMID: 10891124 DOI: 10.1021/jo991959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular type II [3 + 4] cycloaddition between vinylcarbenoids and furans is a practical method for the construction of 5-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0(4,9)]undeca-3, 8(11)-dienes, containing two anti-Bredt double bonds. These tricyclic systems are well functionalized for eventual elaboration to the natural product CP-263,114. The rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids are generated by dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyzed decomposition of vinyldiazoacetates. The [3 + 4] cycloaddition is generally considered to occur by a tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement, although evidence is presented that with these substrates the [3 + 4] cycloaddition may occur in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Davies
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260-3000, USA
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Nicolaou K, Jung JK, Yoon W, He Y, Zhong YL, Baran P. The Absolute Configuration and Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, Phomoidrides B and A). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000515)112:10<1899::aid-ange1899>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Devaux JF, O'Neil SV, Guillo N, Paquette LA. Studies Toward an Asymmetric Synthesis of CP-263,114 and CP-225,917. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective approach to construction of the complex framework of the CP compounds is presented. The synthesis relies on initial elaboration of the two sidechains. The "upper" appendage was asymmetrically dihydroxylated with both AD-mix reagents in order to lend flexibility to the scheme and provide the necessary handle for evolving the additional stereogenic centers. These fragments were linked to benzoic acid via Birch reduction-alkylation and subsequent cuprate addition. A series of functionalization reactions including dissolving metal reduction, Claisen rearrangement, iodolactonization, regioselective epoxide cleavage-oxidation, and intramolecular Wadsworth-Emmons cyclization took advantage of highly efficient stereocontrol. However, this flexibility was thwarted when deprotonation of a penultimate intermediate failed to be regioselective in the proper direction.
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