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Boldrini GG, Martín Molinero G, Pérez Chaca MV, Ciminari ME, Moyano F, Córdoba ME, Pennacchio G, Fanelli M, Álvarez SM, Gómez NN. Glycine max (soy) based diet improves antioxidant defenses and prevents cell death in cadmium intoxicated lungs. Biometals 2022; 35:229-244. [PMID: 35038064 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and an important environmental contaminant. We analyzed its effects on oligoelements, oxidative stress, cell death, Hsp expression and the histoarchitecture of rat lung under different diets, using animal models of subchronic cadmium intoxication. We found that Cd lung content augmented in intoxicated groups: Zn, Mn and Se levels showed modifications among the different diets, while Cu showed no differences. Lipoperoxidation was higher in both intoxicated groups. Expression of Nrf-2 and SOD-2 increased only in SoCd. GPx levels showed a trend to increase in Cd groups. CAT activity was higher in intoxicated groups, and it was higher in Soy groups vs. Casein. LDH activity in BAL increased in CasCd and decreased in both soy-fed groups. BAX/Bcl-2 semiquantitative ratio showed similar results than LDH activity, confirmed by Caspase 3 immunofluorescence. The histological analysis revealed an infiltration process in CasCd lungs, with increased connective tissue, fused alveoli and capillary fragility. Histoarchitectural changes were less severe in soy groups. Hsp27 expression increased in both intoxicated groups, while Hsp70 only augmented in SoCd. This show that a soy-diet has a positive impact upon oxidative unbalance, cell death and morphological changes induced by Cd and it could be a good alternative strategy against Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Giezi Boldrini
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Environment, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Glenda Martín Molinero
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Environment, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Pérez Chaca
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Ciminari
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Mariel Fanelli
- Laboratory of Oncology, IMBECU (CCT), CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mónica Álvarez
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Environment, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Nidia Noemí Gómez
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
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Meyers LM, Krawic C, Luczak MW, Zhitkovich A. Vulnerability of HIF1α and HIF2α to damage by proteotoxic stressors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 445:116041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang J, Feng W, Li M, Chen P, Ning X, Ou C, Chen M. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Inhibition Prevents Cadmium-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Subsequent Atherosclerosis via Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737652. [PMID: 34820428 PMCID: PMC8606644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerosis (AS), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Since mitochondrial homeostasis is emerging as a core player in the development of CVD, it might serve as a potential mechanism linking Cd exposure and AS. In this study, we aimed to investigate Cd-mediated AS through macrophage polarization and know the mechanisms of Cd-caused mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance. In vitro, flow cytometry shows that Cd exposure promotes M1-type polarization of macrophages, manifested as the increasing expressions of nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-kB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Mitochondrial homeostasis tests revealed that decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophage, increasing the mitochondrial superoxide (mROS), and mitochondrial fission are involved in the Cd-induced macrophage polarization. The upregulated expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and pseudokinase-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) were observed. Knocking out RIPK3, followed by decreasing the expression of p-MLKL, improves the mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance which effectively reverses macrophage polarization. In vivo, the oil red O staining showed that Cd with higher blood significantly aggravates AS. Besides, M1-type polarization of macrophages and mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance were observed in the aortic roots of the mice through immunofluorescence and western blot. Knocking out RIPK3 restored the changes above. Finally, the administered N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), which decreased the mROS or mitochondrial fission, inhibited the expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL, attenuating AS and macrophage M1-type polarization in the Cd-treated group. Consequently, the Cd exposure activated the RIPK3 pathway and impaired the mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequent AS. Knocking out RIPK3 provided a potential therapeutic target for Cd-caused macrophage polarization and subsequent AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
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Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Amiri MS, Nourbakhsh F, Rahnama M, Forouzanfar F, Mousavi SH. Bio-indicators in cadmium toxicity: Role of HSP27 and HSP70. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26359-26379. [PMID: 33834331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed by cells in reply to stressors. The changes in concentration of HSPs could be utilized as a bio-indicator of oxidative stress caused by heavy metal. Exposure to the different heavy metals may induce or reduce the expression of different HSPs. The exposure to cadmium ion (Cd2+) could increase HSP70 and HSP27 over 2- to 10-fold or even more. The in vitro and in vivo models indicate that the HSP70 family is more sensitive to Cd intoxication than other HSPs. The analyses of other HSPs along with HSP70, especially HSP27, could also be useful to obtain more accurate results. In this regard, this review focuses on examining the literature to bold the futuristic uses of HSPs as bio-indicators in the initial assessment of Cd exposure risks in defined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Polidano J, Vankadari N, Price JT, Wilce JA. Detailed protocol for optimised expression and purification of functional monomeric human Heat Shock Factor 1. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 176:105722. [PMID: 32768454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat shock response, a universal survival mechanism throughout eukaryotic species used to buffer potentially lethal proteotoxic conditions. HSF1's function in vivo is regulated by several factors, including post translational modifications and elevated temperatures, whereupon it forms trimers to bind with heat shock elements in DNA. Unsurprisingly, HSF1 is also extremely sensitive to elevated temperatures in vitro, which poses specific technical challenges when producing HSF1 using a recombinant expression system. Although there are several useful publications which outline steps taken for HSF1 expression and purification, studies that describe specific strategies and detailed protocols to overcome HSF1 trimerisation and degradation are currently lacking. Herein, we have reported our detailed experimental protocol for the expression and purification of monomeric human HSF1 (HsHSF1) as a major species. We also propose a refined method of inducing HsHSF1 activation in vitro, that we consider more accurately mimics HsHSF1 activation in vivo and is therefore more physiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Polidano
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Naveen Vankadari
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John T Price
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A Wilce
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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Wu CW, Wimberly K, Pietras A, Dodd W, Atlas MB, Choe KP. RNA processing errors triggered by cadmium and integrator complex disruption are signals for environmental stress. BMC Biol 2019; 17:56. [PMID: 31311534 PMCID: PMC6631800 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive responses to stress are essential for cell and organismal survival. In metazoans, little is known about the impact of environmental stress on RNA homeostasis. RESULTS By studying the regulation of a cadmium-induced gene named numr-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, we discovered that disruption of RNA processing acts as a signal for environmental stress. We find that NUMR-1 contains motifs common to RNA splicing factors and influences RNA splicing in vivo. A genome-wide screen reveals that numr-1 is strongly and specifically induced by silencing of genes that function in basal RNA metabolism including subunits of the metazoan integrator complex. Human integrator processes snRNAs for functioning with splicing factors, and we find that silencing of C. elegans integrator subunits disrupts snRNA processing, causes aberrant pre-mRNA splicing, and induces the heat shock response. Cadmium, which also strongly induces numr-1, has similar effects on RNA and the heat shock response. Lastly, we find that heat shock factor-1 is required for full numr-1 induction by cadmium. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with a model in which disruption of integrator processing of RNA acts as a molecular damage signal initiating an adaptive stress response mediated by heat shock factor-1. When numr-1 is induced via this pathway in C. elegans, its function in RNA metabolism may allow it to mitigate further damage and thereby promote tolerance to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Keon Wimberly
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Adele Pietras
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - William Dodd
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - M Blake Atlas
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Keith P Choe
- Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Dang X, Du G, Hu W, Ma L, Wang P, Li Y. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1α/HSF1 axis effectively alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:544-551. [PMID: 30216506 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Dang
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
| | - Gongliang Du
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
| | - Longyang Ma
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery Shannxi Provincial People‘s Hospital Xi’an Shannxi China
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8
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Shinkai Y, Masuda A, Akiyama M, Xian M, Kumagai Y. Cadmium-Mediated Activation of the HSP90/HSF1 Pathway Regulated by Reactive Persulfides/Polysulfides. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:412-421. [PMID: 28115653 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental electrophile that modifies reactive thiols in proteins, indicating that this heavy metal may modulate redox-signal transduction pathways. The current consensus is that reactive persulfides and polysulfides produced by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase are highly nucleophilic and thus cadmium may be captured by these reactive sulfur species. It has previously been found that electrophile-mediated covalent modifications of the heat shock protein (HSP) are involved in the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway. The effects of cadmium on the activation of HSP/HSF1 pathway were investigated in this study. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells to cadmium resulted in modification of HSP90 and HSF1 activation, thereby up-regulating the downstream protein HSP70. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of HSF1 enhanced the cytotoxicity induced by cadmium, suggesting that the HSP90/HSF1 pathway contributes to protection against cadmium toxicity. The knockdown of CSE and/or cystathionine β-synthase decreased the levels of reactive sulfur species in the cells and increased the degree of HSP70 induction and cytotoxicity caused by exposure to cadmium. Overexpression of CSE diminished cadmium-mediated up-regulation of HSP70 and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that cadmium activates HSF1 by modifying HSP90 and that reactive sulfur species regulate the redox signal transduction pathway presumably via capture of cadmium, resulting in protection against cadmium toxicity under toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Masuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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9
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Wang J, Xin LH, Cheng W, Wang Z, Zhang W. [Effect of heat shock factor 1 on airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in mice with allergic asthma]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:222-228. [PMID: 28202124 PMCID: PMC7389460 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) on airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in mice with asthma and possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 36 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, asthma, HSF1 small interfering RNA negative control (siHSF1-NC), and siHSF1 intervention (n=9 each). Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge were performed to induce asthma in the latter three groups. The mice in the siHSF1-NC and siHSF1 groups were treated with siHSF1-NC and siHSF1, respectively. A spirometer was used to measure airway responsiveness at 24 hours after the last challenge. The direct count method was used to calculate the number of eosinophils. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of OVA-specific IgE and levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of HSF1 in asthmatic mice. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of HSF1, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). RESULTS The asthma group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of HSF1 compared with the control group (P<0.05). The siHSF1 group had significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of HSF1 compared with the siHSF1-NC group (P<0.05). The knockdown of HSF1 increased airway wall thickness, airway hyperresponsiveness, OVA-specific IgE content, and the number of eosinophils (P<0.05). Compared with the siHSF1-NC group, the siHSF1 group had significantly increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and significantly reduced expression of IFN-γ in lung tissues and BALF (P<0.05), as well as significantly increased expression of HMGB1 and p-JNK (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of HSF1 aggravates airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, and its possible mechanism may involve the negative regulation of HMGB1 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710003, China.
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10
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Sandbichler AM, Höckner M. Cadmium Protection Strategies--A Hidden Trade-Off? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010139. [PMID: 26805823 PMCID: PMC4730378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential transition metal which is introduced into the biosphere by various anthropogenic activities. Environmental pollution with Cd poses a major health risk and Cd toxicity has been extensively researched over the past decades. This review aims at changing the perspective by discussing protection mechanisms available to counteract a Cd insult. Antioxidants, induction of antioxidant enzymes, and complexation of Cd to glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) are the most potent protective measures to cope with Cd-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, protection mechanisms include prevention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitophagy and metabolic stress, as well as expression of chaperones. Pre-exposure to Cd itself, or co-exposure to other metals or trace elements can improve viability under Cd exposure and cells have means to reduce Cd uptake and improve Cd removal. Finally, environmental factors have negative or positive effects on Cd toxicity. Most protection mechanisms aim at preventing cellular damage. However, this might not be possible without trade-offs like an increased risk of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Höckner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Zoology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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11
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Morano KA, Sistonen L, Mezger V. Heat shock in the springtime. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:753-61. [PMID: 25199949 PMCID: PMC4389858 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A collaborative workshop dedicated to the discussion of heat shock factors in stress response, development, and disease was held on April 22-24, 2014 at the Université Paris Diderot in Paris, France. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in these highly conserved transcription factors, with biological roles ranging from environmental sensing to human development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Morano
- />Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lea Sistonen
- />Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Valérie Mezger
- />UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- />University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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12
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Gandhapudi SK, Murapa P, Threlkeld ZD, Ward M, Sarge KD, Snow C, Woodward JG. Heat shock transcription factor 1 is activated as a consequence of lymphocyte activation and regulates a major proteostasis network in T cells critical for cell division during stress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4068-79. [PMID: 24043900 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a major transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response in eukaryotic cells. HSF1 is evoked in response to a variety of cellular stressors, including elevated temperatures, oxidative stress, and other proteotoxic stressors. Previously, we demonstrated that HSF1 is activated in naive T cells at fever range temperatures (39.5°C) and is critical for in vitro T cell proliferation at fever temperatures. In this study, we demonstrated that murine HSF1 became activated to the DNA-binding form and transactivated a large number of genes in lymphoid cells strictly as a consequence of receptor activation in the absence of apparent cellular stress. Microarray analysis comparing HSF1(+/+) and HSF1(-/-) gene expression in T cells activated at 37°C revealed a diverse set of 323 genes significantly regulated by HSF1 in nonstressed T cells. In vivo proliferation studies revealed a significant impairment of HSF1(-/-) T cell expansion under conditions mimicking a robust immune response (staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T cell activation). This proliferation defect due to loss of HSF1 is observed even under nonfebrile temperatures. HSF1(-/-) T cells activated at fever temperatures show a dramatic reduction in cyclin E and cyclin A proteins during the cell cycle, although the transcription of these genes was modestly affected. Finally, B cell and hematopoietic stem cell proliferation from HSF1(-/-) mice, but not HSF1(+/+) mice, were also attenuated under stressful conditions, indicating that HSF1 is critical for the cell cycle progression of lymphoid cells activated under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva K Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
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Gong TW, Fairfield DA, Fullarton L, Dolan DF, Altschuler RA, Kohrman DC, Lomax MI. Induction of heat shock proteins by hyperthermia and noise overstimulation in hsf1 -/- mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2011; 13:29-37. [PMID: 21932106 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-011-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cellular and environmental stresses can activate the heat shock response, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to protect proteins from denaturation. Stressors activate heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), which binds to heat shock elements in the genes for heat shock proteins, leading to rapid induction of these important molecular chaperones. Both heat and noise stress are known to activate the heat shock response in the cochlea and protect it from subsequent noise trauma. However, the contribution of HSF1 to induction of heat shock proteins following noise trauma has not been investigated at the molecular level. We evaluated the role of HSF1 in the cochlea following noise stress by examining induction of heat shock proteins in Hsf1 ( +/- ) control and Hsf1 ( -/- ) mice. Heat stress rapidly induced expression of Hsp25, Hsp47, Hsp70.1, Hsp70.3, Hsp84, Hsp86, and Hsp110 in the cochleae of wild-type and Hsf1 ( +/- ) mice, but not in Hsf1 ( -/- ) mice, confirming the essential role of HSF1 in mediating the heat shock response. Exposure to broadband noise (2-20 kHz) at 106 dB SPL for 2 h produced partial hearing loss. Maximal induction of heat shock proteins occurred 4 h after the noise. In comparison to heat stress, noise stress resulted in lower induced levels of Hsp25, Hsp70.1, Hsp70.3, Hsp86, and Hsp110 in Hsf1 ( +/- ) mice. Induction of these heat shock proteins was attenuated, but not completely eliminated, in Hsf1 ( -/- ) mice. These same noise exposure conditions induced genes for several immediate early transcription factors and maximum induction occurred earlier than for heat shock proteins. Thus, additional signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that are activated by noise probably contribute to induction of heat shock proteins in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzy-Wen Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
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Conde R, Belak ZR, Nair M, O'Carroll RF, Ovsenek N. Modulation of Hsf1 activity by novobiocin and geldanamycin. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 87:845-51. [PMID: 19935870 DOI: 10.1139/o09-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Hsp90 is a known modulator of HSF1 activity, we examined the effects of two pharmacological inhibitors of Hsp90, novobiocin and geldanamycin, on HSF1 DNA-binding activity in the Xenopus oocyte model system. Novobiocin exhibits antiproliferative activity in culture cells and interacts with a C-terminal ATP-binding pocket on Hsp90, inhibiting Hsp90 autophosphorylation. Treatment of oocytes with novobiocin followed by heat shock results in a dose-dependent decrease in HSF1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate novobiocin does not alter HSF1 activity through dissociation of Hsp90 from either monomeric or trimerized HSF1, suggesting that the effect of novobiocin on HSF1 is mediated through alterations in Hsp90 autophosphorylation. Geldanamycin binds the N-terminal ATPase site of Hsp90 and inhibits chaperone activity. Geldanamycin treatment of oocytes resulted in a dose-dependent increase in stability of active HSF1 trimers during submaximal heat shock and a delay in disassembly of trimers during recovery. The results suggest that Hsp90 chaperone activity is required for disassembly of HSF1 trimers. The data obtained with novobiocin suggests the C-terminal ATP-binding activity of Hsp90 is required for the initial steps of HSF1 trimerization, whereas the effects of geldanamycin suggest N-terminal ATPase and chaperone activities are required for disassembly of activated trimers. These data provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms by which pharmacological inhibitors of Hsp90 affect the heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Conde
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Rd., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Dokladny K, Wharton W, Ma TY, Moseley PL. Lack of cross-tolerance following heat and cadmium exposure in functional MDCK monolayers. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:885-94. [PMID: 18418844 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial (MDCK) cells to a mild heat stimulus induces a state of physiological thermotolerance in which epithelial barrier function is maintained following a second more severe heat stress. We have previously shown that expression of exogenous HSP70 fully mimics the effects of the conditioning heat stress. Exposure of MDCK cells to elevated temperatures or medium containing CdCl2 caused a robust increase in cellular levels of HSP70. Pretreatment of MDCK monolayers with cadmium but not heat caused a small protection of epithelial barrier function against a second challenge with cadmium. In addition, a prior exposure of monolayers to cadmium at levels sufficient to induce HSP70 expression and increased cellular chaperone activity did not afford protection against a subsequent thermal challenge. Therefore multiple stress-specific cellular pathways impinge on the ability of heat shock proteins to induce physiological thermotolerance. Occludin, a component of tight junctions, is induced in MDCK cells engineered to express high levels of exogenous HSP70, potentially accounting for an elevation in baseline resistance. However neither basal levels of occludin, nor alterations in occludin expression, were correlated with epithelial barrier function in MDCK cells either exposed to elevated temperatures or challenged with cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Dokladny K, Ye D, Kennedy JC, Moseley PL, Ma TY. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of heat stress-induced up-regulation of occludin protein expression: regulatory role of heat shock factor-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:659-70. [PMID: 18276783 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The heat stress (HS)-induced increase in occludin protein expression has been postulated to be a protective response against HS-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the HS-induced up-regulation of occludin expression in Caco-2 cells. Exposure to HS (39 degrees C or 41 degrees C) resulted in increased expression of occludin protein; this was preceded by an increase in occludin mRNA transcription and promoter activity. HS-induced activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) resulted in cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of HSF-1 and binding to its binding motif in the occludin promoter region. HSF-1 activation was associated with an increase in occludin promoter activity, mRNA transcription, and protein expression; which were abolished by the HSF-1 inhibitor quercetin. Targeted HSF-1 knock-down by siRNA transfection inhibited the HSF-1-induced increase in occulin expression and junctional localization of occulin protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of the HSF-1 binding motif in the occludin promoter region inhibited HS-induced binding of HSF-1 to the occludin promoter region and subsequent promoter activity. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that the HS-induced increase in occludin protein expression is mediated by HSF-1 activation and subsequent binding of HSF-1 to the occludin promoter, which initiates a series of molecular and cellular events culminating in increased junctional localization of occludin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Takaki E, Fujimoto M, Nakahari T, Yonemura S, Miyata Y, Hayashida N, Yamamoto K, Vallee RB, Mikuriya T, Sugahara K, Yamashita H, Inouye S, Nakai A. Heat shock transcription factor 1 is required for maintenance of ciliary beating in mice. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37285-92. [PMID: 17965413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704562200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) maintain protein homeostasis through regulating expression of heat shock proteins, especially in stressed conditions. In addition, HSFs are involved in cellular differentiation and development by regulating development-related genes, as well as heat shock genes. Here, we showed chronic sinusitis and mild hydrocephalus in postnatal HSF1-null mice, which are associated with impaired mucociliary clearance and cerebrospinal flow, respectively. Analysis of ciliary beating revealed that the amplitude of the beating was significantly reduced, and ciliary beat frequencies were lower in the respiratory epithelium, ependymal cells, oviduct, and trachea of HSF1-null mice than those of wild-type mice. Cilia possess a common axonema structure composed of microtubules of alpha- and beta-tubulin. We found a marked reduction in alpha- and ciliary betaiv-tubulin in the HSF1-null cilia, which is developmentally associated with reduced Hsp90 expression in HSF1-null mice. Treatment of the respiratory epithelium with geldanamycin resulted in rapid reduction of ciliary beating in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Hsp90 was physically associated with ciliary betaiv-tubulin, and Hsp90 stabilizes tubulin polymerization in vitro. These results indicate that HSF1 is required to maintain ciliary beating in postnatal mice, probably by regulating constitutive expression of Hsp90 that is important for tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Takaki
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors, as well as heat shock proteins, are involved in different steps in differentiation and development, in addition to their role in adaptation to stress. This has already been demonstrated in the case of the single heat shock factor present in Drosophila. Over the last 6 years, similar observations have accumulated from the progressive inactivation of the different hsf genes in mammals, the use of double-null animals, and the slow characterization of their complex phenotypes. Although these studies are not yet complete, the data so far can be used to draw some conclusions. All hsf genes contribute to development in mammals and to normal functions at the adult stage, by controlling the expression of Hsp and non-Hsp genes. Reproduction, the immune response and aging are the processes that are the most deeply affected. An attractive hypothesis would be that these new functions have been recruited during evolution in order to coordinate these processes: HSFs may occupy a central place in the trade off that organisms make between reproduction and maintenance, in response to the variations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morange
- Département de Biologie, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Ens, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Organisms are endowed with integrated regulatory networks that transduce and amplify incoming signals into effective responses, ultimately imparting cell death and/or survival pathways. As a conserved cytoprotective mechanism from bacteria to humans, the heat shock response has been established as a paradigm for inducible gene expression, stimulating the interests of biologists and clinicians alike to tackle fundamental questions related to the molecular switches, lineage-specific requirements, unique and/or redundant roles, and even efforts to harness the response therapeutically. Gene targeting studies in mice confirm HSF1 as a master regulator required for cell growth, embryonic development, and reproduction. For example, sterility of Hsf1-null female but not null male mice established strict requirements for maternal HSF1 expression in the oocyte. Yet Hsf2 knockouts by three independent laboratories have not fully clarified the role of mammalian HSF2 for normal development, fertility, and postnatal neuronal function. In contrast, Hsf4 knockouts have provided a consistent demonstration for HSF4's critical role during lens formation. In the future, molecular analysis of HSF knockout mice will bring new insights to HSF interactions, foster better understanding of gene regulation at the genome level, lead to a better integration of the HSF pathway in life beyond heat shock, the classical laboratory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Christians
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547, Toulouse, France.
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Wirth D, Bureau F, Melotte D, Christians E, Gustin P. Evidence for a role of heat shock factor 1 in inhibition of NF-κB pathway during heat shock response-mediated lung protection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287:L953-61. [PMID: 15220113 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 is recognized as a central component of the heat shock response, which protects against various harmful conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the protection and the role of HSF-1 in these mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated. Using HSF-1 knockout mice ( Hsf1−/−), we examined whether heat shock response-mediated lung protection involved an inhibition of the proinflammatory pathway via an interaction between HSF-1 and NF-κB, in response to cadmium insult. The HSF-1-dependent protective effect against intranasal instillation of cadmium (10 and 100 μg/mouse) was demonstrated by the higher protein content (1.2- and 1.4-fold), macrophage (1.6- and 1.9-fold), and neutrophil (2.6- and 1.8-fold) number in bronchoalveolar fluids, higher lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and more severe lung damage evaluated by histopathology in Hsf1−/−compared with wild-type animals. These responses were associated with higher granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 1.7-fold) but not TNF-α concentrations in bronchoalveolar fluids of Hsf1−/−mice compared with those of wild-type animals, indicating that HSF-1 behaved as a repressor of specific cytokine production in our model. To further investigate the mechanism of GM-CSF repression, we analyzed the NF-κB activity and IκB stability. The DNA binding NF-κB activity, in particular p50 homodimer activity, was higher in Hsf1−/−mice than in wild-type mice after cadmium exposure. These results provide a first line of evidence that mechanisms of lung protection depending on HSF-1 involve specific cytokine repression via inhibition of NF-κB activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Wirth
- Unit of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
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