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Du Z, Zhou L, Thakur MP, Zhou G, Fu Y, Li N, Liu R, He Y, Chen H, Li J, Zhou H, Li M, Lu M, Zhou X. Mycorrhizal associations relate to stable convergence in plant-microbial competition for nitrogen absorption under high nitrogen conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17338. [PMID: 38822535 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear. Here, using a global data set of 1018 observations from 184 studies, we examined the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations, climate, plant, and soil properties on the Nim:PNU ratio across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results show that mycorrhizal fungi type (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi) in combination with soil inorganic N mainly explain the global variation in the Nim:PNU ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. In AM fungi-associated ecosystems, the relationship between Nim and PNU displays a weaker negative correlation (r = -.06, p < .001), whereas there is a stronger positive correlation (r = .25, p < .001) in EM fungi-associated ecosystems. Our meta-analysis thus suggests that the AM-associated plants display a weak interaction with soil microorganisms for N absorption, while EM-associated plants cooperate with soil microorganisms. Furthermore, we find that the Nim:PNU ratio for both AM- and EM-associated ecosystems gradually converge around a stable value (13.8 ± 0.5 for AM- and 12.1 ± 1.2 for EM-associated ecosystems) under high soil inorganic N conditions. Our findings highlight the dependence of plant-microbial interaction for N absorption on both plant mycorrhizal association and soil inorganic N, with the stable convergence of the Nim:PNU ratio under high soil N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Madhav P Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yuling Fu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Hao Q, Chen S, Ni X, Li X, He X, Jiang C. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the drawdown areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:567-576. [PMID: 30641384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of dam impounding on CH4 and N2O emissions from the drawdown area of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured at the elevations of 180 m, 175 m, 165 m and 155 m (above the sea level) from September 2010 to August 2012 using the static chamber technique. The elevations of 175 m, 165 m and 155 m were located in the drawdown area and the non-flooded elevation of 180 m was taken as the control for the drawdown area. The drawdown area studied here acted as the sources of CH4 and N2O as a whole. Seasonal, inter-annual and spatial CH4, but not N2O, fluxes varied significantly between September 2010 and August 2012. The CH4 fluxes were highest in winter but lowest in summer, and significantly higher in the wet year than in the dry year. The annually cumulative CH4 emissions were 14.09 ± 4.27, 12.61 ± 3.59, 68.92 ± 13.09 and 77.41 ± 9.42 kg CH4 ha-1 from the elevations of 180 m, 175 m, 165 m and 155 m, respectively. Compared with 180 m elevation, the annual CH4 emission was insignificantly decreased by 11% at 175 m elevation (P > 0.05), and substantially increased by 389% and 449% at 165 m (P < 0.05) and 155 m elevations (P < 0.05), respectively. The annually cumulative N2O emissions were 4.74 ± 1.78, 7.43 ± 2.57, 3.39 ± 1.05 and 8.83 ± 1.95 kg N2O ha-1 from the above corresponding elevations, respectively, and there were no significant differences among the four elevations (P > 0.05). These results showed that CH4 emissions were increased but N2O emissions were not affected in the drawdown area after the dam impounding in the TGR, and CH4 emissions were increased with the decrease in the elevations while N2O emissions were not affected by the elevation in the drawdown area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingju Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Ni
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Yu J, Zhang J, Chen Q, Yu W, Hu L, Shi W, Zhong J, Yan W. Dramatic source-sink transition of N 2O in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir during flooding-drying processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20023-20031. [PMID: 29744781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical cycling of nitrous oxide (N2O), a significant greenhouse gas (GHG), can influence global climate change. The production and emission of N2O mediated by hydrological regimes is particularly active in water level fluctuation zones (WLFZs). However, the hydrological mechanisms affecting N2O transformation and production across the water-sediment micro-interface remain unclear. In this study, intact sediment cores from the WLFZs of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were incubated for 24 days in a laboratory microcosm to identify the effects of the flooding-drying processes on the yield and emission of N2O. Results showed a source-sink transition of N2O in the first 1.5 days during the flooding period, with the water column subsequently acting as a sink relative to the atmosphere in the following experimental period. The source-sink transition was ascribed to changes in oxygen concentration in the water column and sediment regulation of NO3--N transformation, resulting in denitrification and N2O production. Preliminary estimates on the mass budget of N2O in a typical WLFZs of the TGR showed slight emission fluxes, ranging from 13.08 to 43.08 μmol m-2 from flooding period to drying process. Although these N2O emissions were relatively low, the emission peak detected during the initial period (first 1.5 days) of the flooding phase provides important knowledge on the mitigation of GHG emissions from hydropower sources, which should be incorporated into future reservoir operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Wenyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jicheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 73 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weixia Yan
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Oelbermann M, Raimbault BA, Gordon AM. Riparian land-use and rehabilitation: impact on organic matter input and soil respiration. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 55:496-507. [PMID: 25432450 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014-0410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitated riparian zones in agricultural landscapes enhance environmental integrity and provide environmental services such as carbon (C) sequestration. This study quantified differences in organic matter input, soil biochemical characteristics, and soil respiration in a 25-year-old rehabilitated (RH), grass (GRS), and undisturbed natural forest (UNF) riparian zone. Input from herbaceous vegetation was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the GRS riparian zone, whereas autumnal litterfall was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the RH riparian zone. Soil bulk density was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the RH riparian zone, but its soil chemical characteristics were significantly lower. Soil respiration rates were lowest (P < 0.05) in the UNF (106 C m(-2) h(-1)), followed by the RH (169 mg C m(-2) h(-1)) and GRS (194 C m(-2) h(-1)) riparian zones. Soil respiration rates were significantly different (P < 0.05) among seasons, and were significantly correlated with soil moisture (P < 0.05) and soil temperature (P < 0.05) in all riparian zones. Soil potential microbial activity indicated a significantly different (P < 0.05) response of the microbial metabolic diversity in the RH compared to the GRS and UNF riparian zones, and principle component analysis showed a distinct difference in microbial activity among the riparian land-use systems. Rehabilitating degraded riparian zones with trees rather than GRS is a more effective approach to the long-term mitigation of CO2. Therefore, the protection of existing natural/undisturbed riparian forests in agricultural landscapes is equally important as their rehabilitation with trees, given their higher levels of soil organic C and lower soil respiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Oelbermann
- Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada,
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Capon SJ, Chambers LE, Mac Nally R, Naiman RJ, Davies P, Marshall N, Pittock J, Reid M, Capon T, Douglas M, Catford J, Baldwin DS, Stewardson M, Roberts J, Parsons M, Williams SE. Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate Change Adaptation? Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jacinthe PA, Bills JS, Tedesco LP, Barr RC. Nitrous oxide emission from riparian buffers in relation to vegetation and flood frequency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:95-105. [PMID: 22218178 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate (NO(3)(-)) removal capacity of riparian zones is well documented, but information is lacking with regard to N(2)O emission from riparian ecosystems and factors controlling temporal dynamics of this potent greenhouse gas. We monitored N(2)O fluxes (static chambers) and measured denitrification (C(2)H(2) block using soil cores) at six riparian sites along a fourth-order stretch of the White River (Indiana, USA) to assess the effect of flood regime, vegetation type, and forest maturity on these processes. The study sites included shrub/grass, aggrading (<15 yr-old), and mature (>80 yr) forests that were flooded either frequently (more than four to six times per year), occasionally (two to three times per year), or rarely (every 20 yr). While the effect of forest maturity and vegetation type (0.52 and 0.65 mg N(2)O-m(-2) d(-1) in adjacent grassed and forested sites) was not significant, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant effect ( < 0.01) of flood regime on N(2)O emission. Among the mature forests, mean N(2)O flux was in this order: rarely flooded (0.33) < occasionally flooded (0.99) < frequently flooded (1.72). Large pulses of N(2)O emission (up to 80 mg N(2)O-m(-2) d(-1)) occurred after flood events, but the magnitude of the flux enhancement varied with flood event, being higher after short-duration than after long-duration floods. This pattern was consistent with the inverse relationship between soil moisture and mole fraction of N(2)O, and instances of N(2)O uptake near the river margin after flood events. These results highlight the complexity of N(2)O dynamics in riparian zones and suggest that detailed flood analysis (frequency and duration) is required to determine the contribution of riparian ecosystems to regional N(2)O budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jacinthe
- Dep. of Earth Sciences, Indiana Univ. Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Walker JT, Vose JM, Knoepp J, Geron CD. Recovery of nitrogen pools and processes in degraded riparian zones in the southern appalachians. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:1391-1399. [PMID: 19465714 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of riparian buffers is an effective method for reducing nutrient input to streams. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes are not fully understood. The objective of this 4-yr study was to examine the effects of riparian zone restoration on soil N cycling mechanisms in a mountain pasture previously degraded by cattle. Soil inorganic N pools, fluxes, and transformation mechanisms were compared across the following experimental treatments: (i) a restored area with vegetation regrowth; (ii) a degraded riparian area with simulated effects of continued grazing by compaction, vegetation removal, and nutrient addition (+N); and (iii) a degraded riparian area with simulated compaction and vegetation removal only (-N). Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in overland flow were >90% lower in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (+N) treatment. Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations decreased more rapidly in the restored treatment relative to the degraded (-N) following cattle (Bos taurus) exclusion. Mineralization and nitrification rates in the restored treatment were similar to the degraded (-N) treatment and, on average, 75% lower than in the degraded (+N) treatment. Nitrogen trace gas fluxes indicated that restoration increased the relative importance of denitrification, relative to nitrification, as a pathway by which N is diverted from the receiving stream to the atmosphere. Changes in soil nutrient cycling mechanisms following restoration of the degraded riparian zone were primarily driven by cessation of N inputs. The recovery rate, however, was influenced by the rate of vegetation regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Hunt PG, Matheny TA, Ro KS. Nitrous oxide accumulation in soils from riparian buffers of a coastal plain watershed carbon/nitrogen ratio control. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:1368-76. [PMID: 17636299 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Riparian buffers are used throughout the world for the protection of water bodies from nonpoint-source nitrogen pollution. Few studies of riparian or treatment wetland denitrification consider the production of nitrous oxide (N2O). The objectives of this research were to ascertain the level of potential N2O production in riparian buffers and identify controlling factors for N2O accumulations within riparian soils of an agricultural watershed in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA. Soil samples were obtained from ten sites (site types) with different agronomic management and landscape position. Denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Nitrous oxide accumulations were measured after incubation with and without acetylene (baseline N2O production). The mean DEA (with acetylene) was 59 microg N2O-N kg(-1) soil h(-1) for all soil samples from the watershed. If no acetylene was added to block conversion of N2O to N2, only 15 microg N2O-N kg(-1) soil h(-1) were accumulated. Half of the samples accumulated no N2O. The highest level of denitrification was found in the soil surface layers and in buffers impacted by either livestock waste or nitrogen from legume production. Nitrous oxide accumulations (with acetylene inhibition) were correlated to soil nitrogen (r2=0.59). Without acetylene inhibition, correlations with soil and site characteristics were lower. Nitrous oxide accumulations were found to be essentially zero, if the soil C/N ratios>25. Soil C/N ratios may be an easily measured and widely applicable parameter for identification of potential hot spots of N2O productions from riparian buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Hunt
- USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA.
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