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Gollwitzer H, Haenle M, Mittelmeier W, Heidenau F, Harrasser N. A biocompatible sol-gel derived titania coating for medical implants with antibacterial modification by copper integration. AMB Express 2018; 8:24. [PMID: 29460231 PMCID: PMC5818389 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are dangerous complications and may cause dramatic illness with hematogeneous spread of bacteria and secondary infections. Since treatment of these infections remains most challenging and commonly requires implant removal, prevention is of utmost importance. In the present work a titania-sol was equipped with a copper salt resulting after calcination in a titania coating (TiO2) with antibacterial properties combined with good cytocompatibility. In vitro tests with bacteria as well as tissue cells were carried out under corresponding conditions. Mouse fibroblasts and different staphylococcal strains were used for growth inhibition assays with serial dilutions of CuCl2. Cultivation on the surface of bare Ti6Al4V, TiO2-coated and copper-filled TiO2-coated Ti6Al4V samples was performed with both bacteria and tissue cells. Bacterial and cellular proliferation and mitochondrial activity were hereby determined. Coating of Ti6Al4V with pure TiO2 significantly improved cytocompatibility compared to the uncoated alloy. In the growth inhibition assays, fibroblasts tolerated higher concentrations of copper ions than did bacteria. Nevertheless, copper integration reduced fibroblast proliferation and mitochondrial activity on the surface coating. On the other hand, integration of copper into the TiO2-coating significantly reduced adhesion of viable bacteria resulting in a promising combination of cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Additionally, significant bacterial growth inhibition by antibacterial amounts of copper was also demonstrated in the supernatant. In conclusion, the copper-loaded TiO2-coatings for medical implants may be a promising approach to reduce the rate of implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Gollwitzer
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- ATOS Klinik München, Effnerstr. 38, 81925 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haenle
- Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Orthopädische Fachkliniken der Hessing-Stiftung, Hessingstr. 17, 86199 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mittelmeier
- Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Heidenau
- BioCer Entwicklungs GmbH, Birkenstr. 14, 95488 Eckersdorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Harrasser
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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2
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Hynninen A, Virta M. Whole-cell bioreporters for the detection of bioavailable metals. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 118:31-63. [PMID: 19543702 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell bioreporters are living microorganisms that produce a specific, quantifiable output in response to target chemicals. Typically, whole-cell bioreporters combine a sensor element for the substance of interest and a reporter element coding for an easily detectable protein. The sensor element is responsible for recognizing the presence of an analyte. In the case of metal bioreporters, the sensor element consists of a DNA promoter region for a metal-binding transcription factor fused to a promoterless reporter gene that encodes a signal-producing protein. In this review, we provide an overview of specific whole-cell bioreporters for heavy metals. Because the sensing of metals by bioreporter microorganisms is usually based on heavy metal resistance/homeostasis mechanisms, the basis of these mechanisms will also be discussed. The goal here is not to present a comprehensive summary of individual metal-specific bioreporters that have been constructed, but rather to express views on the theory and applications of metal-specific bioreporters and identify some directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Hynninen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Hashmi MZ, Shen H, Zhu S, Yu C, Shen C. Growth, bioluminescence and shoal behavior hormetic responses to inorganic and/or organic chemicals: a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 64:28-39. [PMID: 24361513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A biphasic dose response, termed hormesis, is characterized by beneficial effects of a chemical at a low dose and harmful effects at a high dose. This biphasic dose response phenomenon has the potential to strongly alter toxicology in a broad range. The present review focuses on the progress of research into hormetic responses in terms of growth (in plants, birds, algae and humans), bioluminescence, and shoal behavior as end points. The paper describes how both inorganic and organic chemicals at a low dose show stimulatory responses while at higher doses are inhibitory. The article highlights how factors such as symbiosis, density-dependent factors, time, and contrasting environmental factors (availability of nutrients, temperature, light, etc.) affect both the range and amplitude of hormetic responses. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms are also discussed and we suggest that, for every end point, different hormetic mechanisms may exist. The occurrences of varying interacting receptor systems or receptor systems affecting the assessment of hormesis for each endpoint are discussed. The present review suggests that a hormetic model should be adopted for toxicological evaluations instead of the older threshold and linear non-threshold models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Li PS, Peng ZW, Su J, Tao HC. Construction and optimization of a Pseudomonas putida whole-cell bioreporter for detection of bioavailable copper. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:761-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Sorokina EV, Yudina TP, Bubnov IA, Danilov VS. Assessment of iron toxicity using a luminescent bacterial test with an Escherichia coli recombinant strain. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261713040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Yamal G, Sharmila P, Rao KS, Pardha-Saradhi P. Inbuilt potential of YEM medium and its constituents to generate Ag/Ag₂O nanoparticles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61750. [PMID: 23626722 PMCID: PMC3633996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM) medium possessed immense potential to generate silver nanoparticles from AgNO3 upon autoclaving, which was evident from (i) alteration in color of the medium; (ii) peak at ∼410 nm in UV-Vis spectrum due to surface plasmon resonance specific to silver nanoparticles; and (iii) TEM investigations. TEM coupled with EDX confirmed that distinct nanoparticles were composed of silver. Yeast extract and mannitol were key components of YEM medium responsible for the formation of nanoparticles. PXRD analysis indicated crystalline geometry and Ag/Ag2O phases in nanoparticles generated with YEM medium, yeast extract and mannitol. Our investigations also revealed that both mannitol and yeast extract possessed potential to convert ∼80% of silver ions in 0.5 mM AgNO3 to nanoparticles, on autoclaving for 30 min at 121°C under a pressure of 1.06 kg/cm2. Addition of filter sterilized AgNO3 under ambient conditions to pre-autoclaved YEM medium and yeast extract brought about color change due to the formation of silver nanoparticles, but required prolonged duration. In general, even after 72 h intensity of color was significantly less than that recorded following autoclaving. Silver nanoparticles formed at room temperature were more heterogeneous compared to that obtained upon autoclaving. In summary, our findings demonstrated that (i) YEM medium and its constituents promote synthesis of silver nanoparticles; and (ii) autoclaving enhances rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by YEM medium, yeast extract and mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Yamal
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - P. Sharmila
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - K. S. Rao
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - P. Pardha-Saradhi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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7
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Yamal G, Sharmila P, Rao K, Pardha-Saradhi P. Yeast Extract Mannitol medium and its constituents promote synthesis of Au nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jiang L, Lin Z, Hu X, Yin D. Toxicity prediction of antibiotics on luminescent bacteria, Photobacterium phosphoreum, based on their quantitative structure-activity relationship models. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 85:550-555. [PMID: 21107523 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity (EC₅₀₋₃₀ min) and chronic toxicity (EC₅₀₋₂₄ h) of 21 antibiotics on Photobacterium phosphoreum was observed and Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed, respectively. By comparing these two QSAR models, the following model was established, log(1/EC₅₀₋₂₄ h) = 1.8283 + 1.1503log(1/EC ₅₀₋₃₀ min) + 0.2872Elomo - 0.0901DM + 0.0003PMIZ + 0.0088PSA - 0.0382SD, r² = 0.8513, where Elomo is lowest occupied molecular energy, DM is dipole moment, PMIZ is principal moment of inertia Z, PSA is polar surface area, and SD is sum of degrees. It provides a good way for us to obtain EC₅₀₋₂₄ h from EC₅₀₋₃₀ min, because the later is far easier to observe than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Hassan SH, Oh SE. Improved detection of toxic chemicals by Photobacterium phosphoreum using modified Boss medium. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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High-throughput microfluidic system for long-term bacterial colony monitoring and antibiotic testing in zero-flow environments. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1993-9. [PMID: 20880691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput microfluidic system is presented. The system is comprised of seven parallel channels. Each channel contains 32 square-shaped microchambers. After simulation studies on samples loaded into the microchambers, and the solute exchange between the microchambers and channels, the long-term culture of Escherichia coli (E. coli) HB101 in the microchambers is realized. Using the principle that L-arabinose (L-Ara) can induce recombinant E. coli HB101 pGLO to synthesize green fluorescent protein (GFP), the real-time analysis of GFP expression in different initial bacterial densities is performed. The results demonstrate that higher initial loading densities of the bacterial colony cause bacterial cell to enter log-phase proliferation sooner. High or low initial loading densities of the bacterial cell suspension induce the same maximum growth rates during the log-phase. Quantitative on-chip analysis of tetracycline and erythromycin inhibition on bacterial cell growth is also conducted. Bacterial morphology changes during antibiotic treatment are observed. The results show that tetracycline and erythromycin exhibit different inhibition activities in E. coli cells. Concentrations of 3 μg/mL tetracycline can facilitate the formation of long filamentous bacteria with the average length of more than 50 μm. This study provides an on-chip framework for bacteriological research in a high-throughput manner and the development of recombinant bacteria-based biosensors for the detection of specific substances.
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Abd-El-Haleem D, Zaki S, Abulhamd A, Elbery H, Abu-Elreesh G. Acinetobacter bioreporter assessing heavy metals toxicity. J Basic Microbiol 2006; 46:339-47. [PMID: 17009289 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200510122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work was conducted to employ a whole cell-based biosensor to monitor toxicity of heavy metals in water and wastewater. An isolate of industrial wastewater bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. DF4, was genetically modified with lux reporter gene to create a novel bioluminescent bacterial strain, designated as DF4/PUTK2. This bioreporter can investigate the toxicity through light inhibition due to cell death or metabolic burden and the specific stress effects of the tested soluble materials simultaneously. The use of Acinetobacter DF4/PUTK2 as a bioluminescent reporter for heavy metal toxicity testing and for the application of wastewater treatment influent toxicity screening is presented in this study. Among eight heavy metals tested, the bioluminescence of DF4/PUTK2 was most sensitive to Zn, Cd, Fe, Co, Cr followed by Cu in order of decreasing sensitivity. The same pattern of sensitivity was observed when several contaminated water and wastewater effluents were assayed. This work suggested that luxCDABE -marked Acinetobacter bacterium DF4/PUTK2 can be used to bioassay the ecotoxicity of wastewater and effluent samples contaminated with heavy metals. Using this assay, it is possible to pre-select the more toxic samples for further chemical analysis and to discard wastewater samples with low or no inhibition because they are not toxic to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desouky Abd-El-Haleem
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Post code 21934, New Burg-Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt.
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12
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Chung KY, Han SS, Kim HK, Choi GS, Kim IS, Lee SS, Woo SH, Lee KH, Kim JJ. Inhibitory Effect of the Selected Heavy Metals on the Growth of the Phosphorus Accumulating Microorganism, Acinetobacter sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2006.25.1.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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13
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Heidenau F, Mittelmeier W, Detsch R, Haenle M, Stenzel F, Ziegler G, Gollwitzer H. A novel antibacterial titania coating: metal ion toxicity and in vitro surface colonization. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2005; 16:883-8. [PMID: 16167096 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-4422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative implant-associated infection is still an unresolved and serious complication in modern surgery. Antibacterial and biocompatible surfaces could both reduce infection rates and promote tissue integration. In this respect, a comparative study of the antibacterial as well as the biocompatible potential of different metal ions in vitro is presented. The assays used were growth inhibition tests with different metal salts carried out with tissue cells and bacteria under corresponding culture conditions. Additionally, in vitro tests in direct surface contact with tissue cells and bacteria onto a novel copper containing sol-gel derived titanium dioxide coating (Cu-TiO2) and a fourfold Cu-TiO2 coating were performed. The values were compared to a non-filled titanium dioxide coating and standard Ti6Al4V alloy. SEM-investigations were performed to approve the results of the in vitro tests. Among Ag+, Zn2+, Co2+, Al3+ and Hg2+, the growth inhibition tests revealed an outstanding position of copper ions as antibacterial but nevertheless bio-tolerant additive. These results were affirmed by the cell tests in direct surface contact and SEM-investigations, where best cell growth was found on the Cu-TiO2 coatings. Highest antibacterial properties with a tolerable cytocompatibility could be observed on the fourfold Cu-TiO2 coatings. Consequently, surfaces with custom-tailored antibacterial properties may be established and could be of particular interest in revision and tumor arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heidenau
- BioCer EntwicklungsGmbH, Ludwig-Thoma-Strasse 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Fulladosa E, Murat JC, Villaescusa I. Effect of cadmium(II), chromium(VI), and arsenic(V) on long-term viability- and growth-inhibition assays using Vibrio fischeri marine bacteria. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2005; 49:299-306. [PMID: 16132421 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As a complement to previous results obtained using the standard Microtox acute-toxicity test, which is based on measuring the rapid decrease of bioluminescence (5 to 30 minutes of exposure) in Vibrio fischeri bacteria in the presence of toxicants, the long-term effects of Cd(II), Cr(VI), and As(V) were studied on growth rate and viability assays of the same bacteria adapted to longer-lasting cultures, i.e., 48 or 72 hours instead of 5 or 30 minutes. Effects on viability or growth, as studied by establishing dose- and time-response curves, confirmed that these poisonous chemicals were not particularly toxic to these bacteria. Nevertheless, in the case of Cr(VI), the viability-inhibition assay appeared to be more sensitive than the Microtox acute-toxicity test. Interestingly, it was possible to observe a clear hormesis phenomenon, especially for Cd(II), under the conditions of both viability- and growth-inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fulladosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, Avda. Lluís Santaló, s/n, Girona, 17071, Spain
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15
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Kozlova O, Zwinderman M, Christofi N. A new short-term toxicity assay using Aspergillus awamori with recombinant aequorin gene. BMC Microbiol 2005; 5:40. [PMID: 15992407 PMCID: PMC1177953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-5-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most currently available short-term toxicity assays are based on bacterial cells. Therefore there is a need for novel eukaryotic microbial bioassays that will be relevant to higher eukaryotes such as animals and plants. Ca2+ is a universal intracellular signalling molecule found in all organisms from prokaryotes to highly specialized animal cells. In fungi calcium has been demonstrated to be involved in control of many important processes. The recombinant aequorin gene from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria responsible for the expression of the Ca2+-sensitive aequorin photoprotein has been cloned in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori. This has allowed real life monitoring of [Ca2+]c changes in living fungal cells. When subjected to different physico-chemical stimuli fungal cells respond by transiently changing the concentration of free Ca2+ in the cytosol ([Ca2+]c) and the pattern of these changes (Ca2+ signature) is specific to each particular stimulus. Therefore it was interesting to investigate whether different environmental toxicants would be able to affect the pattern of [Ca2+]c changes in a reproducible and dose dependant manner. Results Toxicity bioassay has been developed to monitor changes [Ca2+]c of the recombinant fungus in the presence of toxicants representing heavy metals – Cr6+ and Zn2+ and a phenolic polar narcotic -3,5-DCP. The fungus responds to toxicants by a decrease in the amplitude of [Ca2+]c response to 5 mM external CaCl2 and an increase in Ca2+ final resting levels and recovery time. Conclusion A novel toxicity bioassay utilizing eukaryotic cells has been developed based on filamentous fungi transformed with the recombinant aequorin gene. A range of parameters characterising changes in [Ca2+]c has been identified, e.g. Amplitude, Length of Transient, Final Resting Level and Recovery Time. These parameters can be used to determine the toxicity of a range of chemicals to eukaryotic cells in a 96-well microtitre plate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kozlova
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
- LUTESS Ltd., Orchard Brae House,, Edinburgh EH4 2HG, UK
| | - Mark Zwinderman
- Pollution Research Unit, Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK; Presently, Surfactant Technologies Ltd., C/o Avecia Fine Chemicals,, Grangemouth, FK3 8XG, UK
| | - Nick Christofi
- Pollution Research Unit, Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK
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Schmitt M, Gellert G, Ludwig J, Lichtenberg-Fraté H. Phenotypic yeast growth analysis for chronic toxicity testing. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2004; 59:142-150. [PMID: 15327869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Revised: 05/31/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the pH-dependent growth inhibition of the heavy metals Cu(2+), Cr(6+), Zn(2+), Co(2+), and Cd(2+) was examined in comparison to that of organic solvents and pure compounds DMSO, MNNG, 4-NQO, MTBE, ethanol, and 2-AA. The assay was based on both S. cerevisiae wild-type and genetically modified cells deleted in the transporters Pdr5, Snq2, and Yor1 that facilitate pleiotropic drug resistance to explore the potential for short-term chronic aquatic toxicity tests. The strain deleted in the proteins that mediate the efflux of structurally diverse hydrophobic compounds exhibited high sensitive growth inhibition at low (0.04 mg/L 4-NQO) to moderate (5.5 mg/L DMSO) organic compound exposure. At pH 6.4 the EC(50)'s, for all tested heavy metals were significantly low, in contrast to acidic pH conditions, in which both strains were able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of the transition metals Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Co(2+), with the pdr5 yor1 snq2 mutant being more tolerant. Cd(2+) exerted the highest toxicity, with an EC(50) of 0.49 mg/L. Obtained results were compared with data determined from growth-inhibition tests involving other unicellular species. The comparison provided evidence that yeast is a sensitive and practical model system for toxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmitt
- Botanisches Institut, AG Molekulare Bioenergetik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Deheyn DD, Bencheikh-Latmani R, Latz MI. Chemical speciation and toxicity of metals assessed by three bioluminescence-based assays using marine organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2004; 19:161-178. [PMID: 15101032 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. The toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum of the Microtox bioassay, an environmental strain of P. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar Ophiopsila californica. Metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: NaCl-based Microtox bioassay medium, artificial seawater glycerol, and artificial seawater. Decreased bioluminescence was considered a proxy for cell toxicity. In all three assays the elements Cd and Hg exhibited similar speciation as well as similar toxicity profiles. The element Cu was toxic in all three assays despite different metal speciation for the P. phosphoreum bioassay. The element Ag was toxic to both bacterial strains but not to photocytes despite a similar chemical speciation for all three assays. In general, the Microtox bioassay was sensitive to all metals (except Pb), whereas the photocytes were the least sensitive to the metals. The heightened response of the Microtox bioassay probably resulted from a combination of the limited complexing power of the medium and the greater sensitivity of the bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri D Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA.
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18
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Mariscal A, Peinado MT, Carnero-Varo M, Fernández-Crehuet J. Influence of organic solvents on the sensitivity of a bioluminescence toxicity test with Vibrio harveyi. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 50:349-354. [PMID: 12656254 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of using organic solvents (OSs) to increase the susceptibility of bioluminescent microorganisms in a bioassay for assessing the toxicity of chemicals dissolved in water was investigated. To conduct the tests acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol were used as OSs and Cd, Hg, and Zn as reference toxicants. The addition of OSs modified the toxicity of the three metals to Vibrio harveyi, according on the bioluminescence assay used. The sensitivity of the luminescence bioassay for Hg increased in the presence of the five OSs, thus indicating a greater toxic effect. However, the sensitivity of the assay for the other two metals, Cd and Zn, increased or decreased (lesser toxic effect) depending on the concentration at which the OSs were used. No correlation was observed between the concentration of the five OSs and the toxicity of the three reference toxicants. From this it can be deduced that none of these OSs could be recommended for increasing generically the sensitivity of toxicity biotests using V. harveyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mariscal
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Málaga, Avda. L. Pasteur, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Christofi N, Hoffmann C, Tosh L. Hormesis responses of free and immobilized light-emitting bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2002; 52:227-231. [PMID: 12297084 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2002.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stimulatory effect of sublethal or low concentrations of toxic chemicals on organismal metabolism, referred to as hormesis, has been found to be common in the widely used Vibrio fischeri luminescence bioassay. In addition to the "normal" type alpha, we have demonstrated type beta and, possibly, type gamma, dose-response curves in free and immobilized V. fischeri bioassays developed. Understanding and utilizing data from hormesis responses are necessary in determining the toxicity of chemicals, singly or in complex mixtures, to natural biota without imposing excessive penalties to dischargers. At the same time, care must be taken not to relax environmental standards. This can only arise by fully investigating and understanding the role of hormesis in toxicity data used for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Christofi
- Pollution Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Gellert G. Sensitivity and significance of luminescent bacteria in chronic toxicity testing based on growth and bioluminescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2000; 45:87-91. [PMID: 10677271 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the use of luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) for chronic aquatic toxicity tests. The evaluated inhibition of growth to Cu2+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide, 3,4-dichloroaniline, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, nitrobenzene, methanol, and 3,5-dichlorophenol was compared with results from another investigation, where the inhibition was determined by bioluminescence. Growth inhibition was found to indicate more reliably the presence of substances with chronic toxic properties than the loss of bioluminescence. But growth responded weaker to the majority of the analyzed toxicants than bioluminescence. This must be connected with the test parameters and the experimental conditions. But among growth experiments with freshwater bacteria species the sensitivity of the growth inhibition assay with V. fischeri is competitive when a poor medium is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gellert
- Staatliches Umweltamt Köln, Aussenstelle Bonn, Germany
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