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Liao LJ, Hsu WL, Chen CJ, Chiu YL. Feature Reviews of the Molecular Mechanisms of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1528. [PMID: 37371623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most parts of the world but endemic in southern Asia. Here, we describe the molecular abnormalities in NPC and point out potential molecular mechanisms for future therapy. This article provides a brief up-to-date review focusing on the molecular pathways of NPC, which may improve our knowledge of this disease, and we also highlight some issues for further research. In brief, some heritable genes are related to NPC; therefore, people with a family history of NPC have an increased risk of this disease. Carcinogenic substances and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure both contribute to tumorigenesis through the accumulation of multiple genomic changes. In recent years, salted fish intake has decreased the impact on NPC, which implies that changing exposure to carcinogens can modify the risk of NPC. Eradication of cancer-associated viruses potentially eradicates cancer, and EBV vaccines might also prevent this disease in the future. Screening patients by using an EBV antibody is feasible in the high-risk group; plasma EBV DNA measurement could also be conducted for screening, prognosis, and monitoring of this disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC can further provide novel information for health promotion, disease screening, and precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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2
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Li X, Duan S, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhang Q, Thorne RF, Li W, Yang D. Hyperthermia inhibits growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through degradation of c-Myc. Int J Hyperthermia 2022; 39:358-371. [PMID: 35184661 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2038282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichao Duan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjuan Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoke Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Upregulation of GLS1 Isoforms KGA and GAC Facilitates Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cell Proliferation in Epstein-Barr Virus Infected Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080811. [PMID: 32727118 PMCID: PMC7472350 DOI: 10.3390/v12080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus or human herpesvirus 4 (EBV/HHV-4) is a ubiquitous human virus associated with a wide range of malignant neoplasms. The interaction between EBV latent proteins and host cellular molecules often leads to oncogenic transformation, promoting the development of EBV-associated cancers. The present study identifies a functional role of GLS1 isoforms KGA and GAC in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism to promote EBV-infected cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate increased expression of GLS1 isoforms KGA and GAC with mitochondrial localization in latently EBV-infected cells and de novo EBV-infected PBMCs. c-Myc upregulates KGA and GAC protein levels, which in turn elevate the levels of intracellular glutamate. Further analysis demonstrated upregulated expression of mitochondrial GLUD1 and GLUD2, with a subsequent increase in alpha-ketoglutarate levels that may mark the activation of glutaminolysis. Cell proliferation and viability of latently EBV-infected cells were notably inhibited by KGA/GAC, as well as GLUD1 inhibitors. Taken together, our results suggest that c-Myc-dependent regulation of KGA and GAC enhances mitochondrial functions to support the rapid proliferation of the EBV-infected cells, and these metabolic processes could be therapeutically exploited by targeting KGA/GAC and GLUD1 to prevent EBV-associated cancers.
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4
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Chung AK, OuYang CN, Liu H, Chao M, Luo JD, Lee CY, Lu YJ, Chung IC, Chen LC, Wu SM, Tsang NM, Chang KP, Hsu CL, Li HP, Chang YS. Targeted sequencing of cancer-related genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma identifies mutations in the TGF-β pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5116-5127. [PMID: 31328403 PMCID: PMC6718742 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, 25% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients develop recurrent disease. NPC may involve relatively few genomic alterations compared to other cancers due to its association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We envisioned that in‐depth sequencing of tumor tissues might provide new insights into the genetic alterations of this cancer. Thirty‐three NPC paired tumor/adjacent normal or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were deep‐sequenced (>1000×) with respect to a panel of 409 cancer‐related genes. Newly identified mutations and its correlation with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Profiling of somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNV) in NPC tumors identified alterations in RTK/RAS/PI3K, NOTCH, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle, NF‐κB, and TGF‐β pathways. In addition, patients harbored CNV among 409 cancer‐related genes and missense mutations in TGF‐β/SMAD signaling were associated with poor overall survival and poor recurrence‐free survival, respectively. The CNV events were correlated with plasma EBV copies, while mutations in TGFBR2 and SMAD4 abrogate SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β signaling. Functional analysis revealed that the new TGFBR2 kinase domain mutants were incapable of transducing the signal, leading to failure of phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and activation of downstream TGF‐β‐mediated cell growth arrest. This study provides evidence supporting CNV and dysregulated TGF‐β signaling contributes to exacerbating the NPC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ko Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan OuYang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Bioinformatics Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Research Information Session, Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Che Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Min Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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5
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Guo Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Jin Y, An L, Xu H, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhou H, Wang H, Zhang W. A Functional 5'-UTR Polymorphism of MYC Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility and Chemoradiotherapy Induced Toxicities. J Cancer 2019; 10:147-155. [PMID: 30662535 PMCID: PMC6329860 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor acting as a pivotal regulator of genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of MYC polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk and chemoradiotherapy induced toxicities among Chinese population. By using bioinformatic tools, five potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of MYC were genotyped in a case-control study with 684 NPC patients and 823 healthy controls. We found two SNPs rs4645948 (C>T) and rs2071346 (G>T) were significantly associated with increased risk of developing NPC (TT+CT vs CC, OR=1.557, P=3.34×10-4; TT+GT vs GG, OR=1.361, P=0.007, respectively). In addition, rs4645948 (C>T) was conferred with increased risk of anemia (CT vs CC, OR=2.152, P=0.001) and severe leukopenia (CT vs CC, OR=1.893, P=0.034) for NPC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy. We also found rs2071346 (G>T) variant genotype carriers were subjected to higher risk of anemia (GT vs GG, OR=1.665, P=0.022) and thrombocytopenia (GT vs GG, OR=1.685, P=0.035). Our results demonstrated that the relative expression of MYC was dramatically higher in NPC tissues compared to rhinitis tissues. Over-expression of MYC was positively correlated with advanced T stage, N stage, and late clinical stage. Notably, the expression of MYC in rs4645948 CT and TT genotypes carriers were significantly higher than CC genotype carriers. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that the T allele of rs4645948 led to significantly higher transcription activity of MYC compared to the C allele. These findings suggested that individual carrying the rs4645948 T allele may be at greater risk for NPC due to an increase of MYC transcriptional activity and an augment of MYC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liang An
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
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6
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Xu T, Su B, Huang P, Wei W, Deng Y, Sehgal V, Wang D, Jiang J, Zhang G, Li A, Yang H, Claret FX. Novel biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis risk identified by reverse phase protein array based tumor profiling with consideration of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27883284 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), intertumor heterogeneity causes interpatient heterogeneity in the risk of distant metastasis. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers of metastasis risk using reverse phase protein array (RPPA) profiling of NPC patients at risk for metastasis and considering plasma EBV DNA load. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 98 patients with NPC with and without metastasis after treatment, matched with respect to clinical parameters, are enrolled. Total protein expression is measured by RPPA, and protein functions are analyzed by pathway bioinformatics. RESULTS The RPPA analysis revealed a profile of 70 proteins that are differentially expressed in metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors. Plasma EBV DNA load after treatment correlated with protein expression level better than plasma EBV DNA load before treatment did. The biomarkers of NPC metastasis identified by proteomics regulate signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The authors identified 26 biomarkers associated with 5-year distant failure-free survival in univariate analysis; five biomarkers remained significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A comprehensive RPPA profiling study is warranted to identify novel metastasis-related biomarkers and further examine the activation state of signaling proteins to improve estimation of metastasis risk for patients with EBV-associated NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P. R., China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R., China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bojin Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R., China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R., China
| | - Weihong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P. R., China
| | - Yanming Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P. R., China
| | - Vasudha Sehgal
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R., China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P. R., China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P. R., China
| | - Anfei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R., China
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R., China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Liu ZH, Hu JL, Liang JZ, Zhou AJ, Li MZ, Yan SM, Zhang X, Gao S, Chen L, Zhong Q, Zeng MS. Far upstream element-binding protein 1 is a prognostic biomarker and promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1920. [PMID: 26469968 PMCID: PMC4632288 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with tremendous invasion and metastasis capacities, and it has a high incidence in southeast Asia and southern China. Previous studies identified that far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FBP1), a transcriptional regulator of c-Myc that is one of the most frequently aberrantly expressed oncogenes in various human cancers, including NPC, is an important biomarker for many cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the expression and function of FBP1 in human NPC. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were performed in NPC cells and biopsies. Furthermore, the effect of FBP1 knockdown on cell proliferation, colony formation, side population tests and tumorigenesis in nude mice were measured by MTT, clonogenicity analysis, flow cytometry and a xenograft model, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of FBP1, which are positively correlated with c-Myc expression, were substantially higher in NPC than that in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. IHC revealed that the patients with high FBP1 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis compared with the patients with low expression (P=0.020). In univariate analysis, high FBP1 and c-Myc expression predicted poorer overall survival (OS) and poorer progression-free survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that high FBP1 and c-Myc expression were independent prognostic markers. Knockdown of FBP1 reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity and the ratio of side populations, as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice. These data indicate that FBP1 expression, which is closely correlated with c-Myc expression, is an independent prognostic factor and promotes NPC progression. Our results suggest that FBP1 can not only serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for NPC but also as a potential therapeutic target for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J-L Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-Z Liang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - A-J Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - M-Z Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-M Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Gao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - M-S Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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9
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Chiu SH, Wu CC, Fang CY, Yu SL, Hsu HY, Chow YH, Chen JY. Epstein-Barr virus BALF3 mediates genomic instability and progressive malignancy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8583-601. [PMID: 25261366 PMCID: PMC4226706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer prevalent throughout Southern China and Southeast Asia. Patient death following relapse after primary treatment remains all too common but the cause of NPC relapse is unclear. Clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed the high correlation among NPC development, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and host genomic instability. Previously, recurrent EBV reactivation was shown to cause massive genetic alterations and enhancement of tumor progression in NPC cells and these may be required for NPC relapse. Here, EBV BALF3 has the ability to induce micronuclei and DNA strand breaks. After recurrent expression of BALF3 in NPC cells, genomic copy number aberrations, determined by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, had accumulated to a significant extent and tumorigenic features, such as cell migration, cell invasion and spheroid formation, increased with the rounds of induction. In parallel experiments, cells after highly recurrent induction developed into larger tumor nodules than control cells when inoculated into NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, RNA microarrays showed that differential expression of multiple cancer capability-related genes and oncogenes increased with recurrent BALF3 expression and these changes correlated with genetic aberrations. Therefore, EBV BALF3 is a potential factor that mediates the impact of EBV on NPC relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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10
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Niu Z, Liu H, Zhou M, Wang H, Liu Y, Li X, Xiong W, Ma J, Li X, Li G. Knockdown of c-Myc inhibits cell proliferation by negatively regulating the Cdk/Rb/E2F pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:183-91. [PMID: 25630654 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-Myc encodes a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Several studies indicate that the over-expression of c-Myc is a frequent genetic abnormality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, specifically reducing its level by genetic means in established NPC cell lines helps to better understand its role in the pathogenesis of NPC. In this study, for the first time, we successfully established and characterized NPC 5-8F cell line with stably suppressed c-Myc expression by employing a DNA-based RNA interference approach. The suppression of c-Myc resulted in reduced cell growth, colony formation, and cell cycle progression in 5-8F cells. In vivo tumor formation assays revealed that the knockdown of c-Myc reduced the tumorigenic potential of 5-8F cells in nude mice. At the molecular level, we found that the knockdown of c-Myc could decrease the expression of several critical molecules involved in the Cdk/Rb/E2F pathway, including CDK4, cyclin D1, CDK2, pRb, E2F3, and DP2, and significantly reduced the promoter activity of cyclin D1. Taken together, these findings provide valuable mechanistic insights into the role of c-Myc in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis and suggest that the knockdown of c-Myc may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Niu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Huaying Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
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Jiang N, Liu N, Yang F, Zhou Q, Cui R, Jiang W, He Q, Li W, Guo Y, Zeng J, Yun J, Chen X, Zhou B, Sun Y, Wang H, Chen ZG, Ma J. Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1661-9. [PMID: 25109408 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene mutations contribute to carcinogenesis and can provide potential therapeutic targets for clinical anticancer management. However, oncogene mutation patterns in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have yet to be fully elucidated. To gain insight into mutation patterns in NPC, a high-throughput OncoCarta panel assay was used to determine 238 hotspot mutations across 19 common oncogenes in 8 NPC cell lines and 160 NPC patient samples from southern China. Statistical analyses were further conducted to identify associations between oncogene mutations and selected clinicopathological characteristics. In total, we identified 24 mutations across 11 oncogenes in 17 (10.6%) NPC patients. Four patients exhibited mutations in at least one oncogene. We also identified a PIK3CA H1047R mutant in 7 NPC cell lines. In addition, oncogene mutations showed no correlation with either risk habits (smoking and drinking) or other clinical characteristics except for TNM stage. KIT mutations were associated with poorer overall and relapse-free survival. Furthermore, KIT mutations together with age and N stage were independent prognostic factors in NPC. Taken together, the present study is the first report on mutations in multiple oncogenes in NPC. We found that hotspot oncogene mutations are infrequent in NPC patients from southern China. The lack of hotspot mutations requires a comprehensive characterization of gene mutations in NPC for developing new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qingmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- National Clinical Study Center for Anticancer Drugs, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Huiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Arango BA, Castrellon AB, Perez CA, Raez LE, Santos ES. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: alternative treatment options after disease progression. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:377-86. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Over-expression of BCAT1, a c-Myc target gene, induces cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:53. [PMID: 23758864 PMCID: PMC3698204 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in southern China and Southeast Asia, but its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our previous work has demonstrated that BCAT1 mRNA is over expressed in NPC and knocking down its expression in 5-8F NPC cell line can potently inhibit cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, the mechanism of BCAT1 up-regulation and its functional role in NPC development remain to be elucidated yet. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was utilized to detect the expression of BCAT1 protein in NPC at different pathological stages. The roles of gene mutation, DNA amplification and transcription factor c-Myc in regulating BCAT1 expression were analyzed using PCR-sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), IHC, ChIP and luciferase reporter system, respectively. The functions of BCAT1 in colony formation, cell migration and invasion properties were evaluated by RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS The positive rates of BCAT1 protein expression in normal epithelia, low-to-moderate grade atypical hyperplasia tissues, high-grade atypical hyperplasia tissues and NPC tissues were 23.6% (17/72), 75% (18/24), 88.9% (8/9) and 88.8% (71/80), respectively. Only one SNP site in exon1 was detected, and 42.4% (12/28) of the NPC tissues displayed the amplification of microsatellite loci in BCAT1. C-Myc could directly bind to the c-Myc binding site in promoter region of BCAT1 and up-regulate its expression. The mRNA and protein of c-Myc and BCAT1 were co-expressed in 53.6% (15/28) and 59.1% (13/22) of NPC tissues, respectively, and BCAT1 mRNA expression was also down-regulated in c-Myc knockdown cell lines. In addition, BCAT1 knockdown cells demonstrated reduced proliferation and decreased cell migration and invasion abilities. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that gene amplification and c-Myc up-regulation are responsible for BCAT1 overexpression in primary NPC, and overexpression of BCAT1 induces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The results suggest that BCAT1 may be a novel molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.
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EIF4E over-expresses and enhances cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:400. [PMID: 23277284 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is involved in integration and amplification of many carcinogenesis signals in tumors. However, it remains unclear whether eIF4E over-expresses in NPC and whether it is associated with the development of NPC. Here, we analyzed the expression state of eIF4E, c-Myc, and MMP9 in 24 nasopharyngitises and 64 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) tissues and studied the influences of eIF4E on the proliferation and cell cycle in NPC cell lines. The results indicate that eIF4E might over-express in NPC and the over-expression of eIF4E promotes NPC growth and cell cycle progression through enhancing the translational expression of c-Myc and MMP9. The finding certainly adds new knowledge in the understanding of the carcinogenesis of NPC and provides a potential molecular target for the NPC therapy and prevention.
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Chen J, Kwong DLW, Zhu CL, Chen LL, Dong SS, Zhang LY, Tian J, Qi CB, Cao TT, Wong AMG, Kong KL, Li Y, Liu M, Fu L, Guan XY. RBMS3 at 3p24 inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma development via inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44636. [PMID: 22957092 PMCID: PMC3434166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in many solid tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting the existence of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) within the frequently deleted region. A putative TSG RBMS3 (RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 3), located at 3p24-p23, has been identified in our previous study. Here, we reported that downregulation of RBMS3 was detected in 3/3 NPC cell lines and 13/15 (86.7%) primary NPC tissues. Functional studies using both overexpression and suppression systems demonstrated that RBMS3 has a strong tumor suppressive role in NPC. The tumor suppressive mechanism of RBMS3 was associated with its role in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint by upregulating p53 and p21, downregulating cyclin E and CDK2, and the subsequent inhibition of Rb-ser780. Further analysis demonstrated that RBMS3 had a pro-apoptotic role in a mitochondrial-dependent manner via activation of caspase-9 and PARP. Finally, RBMS3 inhibited microvessel formation, which may be mediated by down-regulation of MMP2 and β-catenin and inactivation of its downstream targets, including cyclin-D1, c-Myc, MMP7, and MMP9. Taken together, our findings define a function for RBMS3 as an important tumor suppressor gene in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cai-Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui-Sui Dong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kar-Lok Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (XG)
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (XG)
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Xiao W, Bao ZX, Zhang CY, Zhang XY, Shi LJ, Zhou ZT, Jiang WW. Upregulation of miR-31* is negatively associated with recurrent/newly formed oral leukoplakia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38648. [PMID: 22719913 PMCID: PMC3377716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. However, the underlying mechanism of OLK is still unclear. In this study, we explore possible miRNAs involved in OLK. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using miRNA microarrays, we profiled miRNA expression in OLK and malignantly transformed OLK (mtOLK) tissue samples. The upregulation of miR-31*, miR-142-5p, miR-33a, miR-1259, miR-146b-5p, miR-886-3p, miR-886-5p, miR-519d, and miR-301a along with the downregulation of miR-572, miR-611, miR-602, miR-675, miR-585, miR-623, miR-637, and miR-1184 in mtOLK were new observations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses confirmed that miR-31* is highly expressed in mtOLK. There was a significant difference between the FISH score (p<0.05) in patients with or without recurrent/newly formed OLK. Functional analyses demonstrated that a miR-31* inhibitor decreased apoptosis in the Leuk-1, which is an immortalized oral epithelial cell line spontaneously derived from an oral leukoplakia lesion. miR-31* regulated apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the HOIEC, which is a HPV E6/E7-immortalized oral epithelial cell line. Furthermore, miR-31* modulated the biological functions of apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Cal-27. Using bioinformatic analyses and dual luciferase reporter assays, we determined that the 3' untranslated region of fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) is the target of miR-31*. Expression of FGF3 was downregulated or upregulated in the presence of a miR-31* mimic or inhibitor, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Upregulation of miR-31* is negatively associated with recurrent/newly formed OLK. MiR-31* may exert similar but distinguishable effects on biological function in oral cells with different malignant potential. FGF3 is the target of miR-31*. miR-31* may play an important role during OLK progression through regulating FGF3. MiRNA* strands may also have prominent roles in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Xuan Bao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Jun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Tong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wen Jiang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Fu L, Zhang LY, Kwong DL, Yan L, Guan XY. Tumor suppressor genes on frequently deleted chromosome 3p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:215-22. [PMID: 22360856 PMCID: PMC3777521 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common malignancies in southern China. Deletion of genomic DNA, which occurs during the complex pathogenesis process for NPC, represents a pivotal mechanism in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In many circumstances, loss of TSGs can be detected as diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer. The short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) is a frequently deleted chromosomal region in NPC, with 3p21.1-21.2 and 3p25.2-26.1 being the most frequently deleted minimal regions. In recent years, our research group and others have focused on the identification and characterization of novel target TSGs at 3p, such as RASSF1A, BLU, RBMS3, and CHL1, in the development and progression of NPC. In this review, we summarize recent findings of TSGs at 3p and discuss some of these genes in detail. A better understanding of TSGs at 3p will significantly improve our understanding of NPC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P. R. China;
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
| | - Dora L. Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
| | - Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
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The progress on genetic analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Comp Funct Genomics 2010:57513. [PMID: 18288251 PMCID: PMC2233780 DOI: 10.1155/2007/57513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is one of the most common cancers in Southeast Asia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the tumorigenesis of NPC, most notably the consumption of certain salted food items and Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review will focus on the current progress of the genetic analysis of NPC (genetic susceptibilities and somatic alterations). We will review the current advances in genomic technologies and their shaping of the future direction of NPC research.
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Zhang L, Deng T, Li X, Liu H, Zhou H, Ma J, Wu M, Zhou M, Shen S, Li X, Niu Z, Zhang W, Shi L, Xiang B, Lu J, Wang L, Li D, Tang H, Li G. microRNA-141 is involved in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related genes network. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:559-66. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Synergism of BARF1 with Ras induces malignant transformation in primary primate epithelial cells and human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Neoplasia 2009; 11:964-73. [PMID: 19724690 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely related with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), few data are available about which and how EBV-expressed gene is involved in the carcinogenesis of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. EBV-encoded BARF1 (BamH I-A right frame 1) gene has been shown to be oncogenic and capable of inducing malignant transformation in BALB/c3T3 and NIH3T3 cells as well as in human B-cell lines Louckes and Akata. It remains unclear, however, whether BARF1 can transform primate or human epithelial cells. Here, we have shown that overexpression of H-Ras gene transformed BARF1-immortalized PATAS cells into malignant cell line. Furthermore, we found that cooperation of BARF1 with H-Ras and SV40 T antigens was sufficient to transform nonmalignant human nasopharyngeal epithelial NP69 cells when serially introduced BARF1 and H-Ras into the SV40 T antigens-immortalized NP69 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the cooperation of BARF1 with Ras suffices to transform primary primate epithelial cell PATAS. Similarly, BARF1 together with H-Ras and SV40 T can transform human epithelial cell NP69, thereby indicating that BARF1 could be involved in the NPC pathogenesis in combination with additional genetic changes.
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Sheu JJC, Lee CH, Ko JY, Tsao GS, Wu CC, Fang CY, Tsai FJ, Hua CH, Chen CL, Chen JY. Chromosome 3p12.3-p14.2 and 3q26.2-q26.32 Are Genomic Markers for Prognosis of Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2709-16. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hu ZY, Sun J, Zhu XF, Yang D, Zeng YX. ApoG2 induces cell cycle arrest of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by suppressing the c-Myc signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2009; 7:74. [PMID: 19698176 PMCID: PMC2742515 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND apogossypolone (ApoG2) is a novel derivate of gossypol. We previously have reported that ApoG2 is a promising compound that kills nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells by inhibiting the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 proteins. However, some researchers demonstrate that the antiproliferative effect of gossypol on breast cancer cells is mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest. So this study was aimed to investigate the effect of ApoG2 on cell cycle proliferation in NPC cells. RESULTS We found that ApoG2 significantly suppressed the expression of c-Myc in NPC cells and induced arrest at the DNA synthesis (S) phase in a large percentage of NPC cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that expression of c-Myc protein was significantly downregulated by ApoG2 and that the expression of c-Myc's downstream molecules cyclin D1 and cyclin E were inhibited whereas p21 was induced. To further identify the cause-effect relationship between the suppression of c-Myc signaling pathway and induction of cell cycle arrest, the expression of c-Myc was interfered by siRNA. The results of cell cycle analysis showed that the downregulation of c-Myc signaling pathway by siRNA interference could cause a significant arrest of NPC cell at S phase of the cell cycle. In CNE-2 xenografts, ApoG2 significantly downregulated the expression of c-Myc and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that ApoG2 could potently disturb the proliferation of NPC cells by suppressing c-Myc signaling pathway. This data suggested that the inhibitory effect of ApoG2 on NPC cell cycle proliferation might contribute to its use in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Klussmann JP, Mooren JJ, Lehnen M, Claessen SMH, Stenner M, Huebbers CU, Weissenborn SJ, Wedemeyer I, Preuss SF, Straetmans JMJAA, Manni JJ, Hopman AHN, Speel EJM. Genetic signatures of HPV-related and unrelated oropharyngeal carcinoma and their prognostic implications. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1779-86. [PMID: 19223504 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-containing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) have a better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative OSCC. This may be attributed to different genetic pathways promoting cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used comparative genomic hybridization to identify critical genetic changes in 60 selected OSCC, 28 of which were associated with HPV-16 as determined by HPV-specific PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and positive p16(INK4A) immunostaining. The results were correlated with HPV status and clinical data from patients. RESULTS Two thirds of OSCC harbored gain at 3q26.3-qter irrespective of HPV status. In HPV-negative tumors this alteration was associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.013). In comparison with HPV-related OSCC, the HPV-negative tumors harbored: (a) a higher number of chromosomal alterations and amplifications (P=0.03 and 0.039, respectively); (b) significantly more losses at 3p, 5q, 9p, 15q, and 18q, and gains/amplifications at 11q13 (P=0.002, 0.03; <0.001, 0.02, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively); and (c) less often 16q losses and Xp gains (P=0.02 and 0.03). Survival analysis revealed a significantly better disease-free survival for HPV-related OSCC (P=0.02), whereas chromosome amplification was an unfavorable prognostic indicator for disease-free and overall survival (P=0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Interestingly, 16q loss, predominantly identified in HPV-related OSCC, was a strong indicator of favorable outcome (overall survival, P=0.008; disease-free survival, P=0.01) and none of these patients had a tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Genetic signatures of HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OSCC are different and most likely underlie differences in tumor development and progression. In addition, distinct chromosomal alterations have prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Klussmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jean-Uhrmacher Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumour in southern China and southeast Asia, particularly in the Cantonese population, where its incidence has remained high for decades. Recent studies have demonstrated that the aetiology of NPC is complex, involving multiple factors including genetic susceptibility, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and exposure to chemical carcinogens. During development of the disease, viral infection and multiple somatic genetic and epigenetic changes synergistically disrupt normal cell function, thus contributing to NPC pathogenesis. NPC is highly radiosensitive and chemosensitive, but treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced disease remains problematic. New biomarkers for NPC, including EBV DNA copy number or methylation of multiple tumour suppressor genes, which can be detected in serum and nasopharyngeal brushings, have been developed for the molecular diagnosis of this tumour. Meanwhile, new therapeutic strategies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and immuno- and epigenetic therapies might lead to more specific and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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26
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, population-based molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Northern California Cancer Center, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USA.
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27
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Lin M, Smith LT, Smiraglia DJ, Kazhiyur-Mannar R, Lang JC, Schuller DE, Kornacker K, Wenger R, Plass C. DNA copy number gains in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2006; 25:1424-33. [PMID: 16247453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene amplification, a common mechanism for oncogene activation in cancer, has been used as a tag for the identification of novel oncogenes. DNA amplification is frequently observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and potential oncogenes have already been reported. We applied restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS) to study gene amplifications and low-level copy number changes in HNSCC in order to locate previously uncharacterized regions with copy number gains in primary tumor samples. A total of 63 enhanced RLGS fragments, indicative of DNA copy number changes, including gains of single alleles, were scored. Enhanced sequences were identified from 33 different chromosomal regions including those previously reported (e.g. 3q26.3 and 11q13.3) as well as novel regions (e.g. 3q29, 8q13.1, 8q22.3, 9q32, 10q24.32, 14q32.32, 17q25.1 and 20q13.33). Furthermore, our data suggest that amplicons 11q13.3 and 3q26.3-q29 may be divided into possibly two and three independent amplicons, respectively, an observation supported by published microarray expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lin
- Deparment of Otolaryngology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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28
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Djokic M, Le Beau MM, Swinnen LJ, Smith SM, Rubin CM, Anastasi J, Carlson KM. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder subtypes correlate with different recurring chromosomal abnormalities. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:313-8. [PMID: 16283619 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cytogenetic analysis advanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma and led to improved clinical management, there have been no large cytogenetic studies of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We examined the karyotypes of 36 PTLD cases and correlated them with clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings. The cases included 2 early lesions, 13 polymorphic PTLDs, and 21 monomorphic PTLDs (18 B-cell and 3 T-cell proliferations). Cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in 72% of monomorphic B-cell PTLDs and in all T-cell PTLDs, but in only 15% of polymorphic PTLDs and in no early lesions. The most frequent clonal abnormalities in monomorphic PTLD were trisomies 9 and/or 11 (5 cases), followed by rearrangements of 8q24.1 (4 cases), 3q27 (2 cases), and 14q32 (2 cases). MYC rearrangement (8q24.1) and T-cell-associated chromosomal abnormalities correlated with poor outcome and short survival. PTLD with trisomy 9 and/or 11 developed early after transplant, presenting as Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B-cell lymphoma with prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Djokic
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland , MC 0008, Illinois 60637, USA
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29
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Tai ALS, Sham JST, Xie D, Fang Y, Wu YL, Hu L, Deng W, Tsao GSW, Qiao GB, Cheung ALM, Guan XY. Co-overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 3 and epidermal growth factor receptor is correlated with the development of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2006; 106:146-55. [PMID: 16329133 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a prevalent cancer with a poor prognosis. To develop a useful in vitro cell model, a cell line of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-35) was established. METHODS The SCC-35 cell was characterized by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY). Chromosome microdissection, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and Southern and Northern blots analyses were used to study target genes. RESULTS Two amplicons were found at chromosomes 7p12 and 11q13. Amplification and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at 7p12 and fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) at 11q13 were found. To understand the correlation between these two genes in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) more comprehensively, overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a tissue microarray containing 406 NSCLC samples. Cytoplasmic overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was detected in 61% and 69% NSCLC cases, respectively. More interestingly, a significant correlation between overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR was found in NSCLC. CONCLUSION These results suggest that co-overexpression of FGF3 and EGFR may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L S Tai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Li X, Wang E, Zhao YD, Ren JQ, Jin P, Yao KT, Marincola FM. Chromosomal imbalances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of comparative genomic hybridization results. J Transl Med 2006; 4:4. [PMID: 16423296 PMCID: PMC1403800 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly prevalent disease in Southeast Asia and its prevalence is clearly affected by genetic background. Various theories have been suggested for its high incidence in this geographical region but to these days no conclusive explanation has been identified. Chromosomal imbalances identifiable through comparative genomic hybridization may shed some light on common genetic alterations that may be of relevance to the onset and progression of NPC. Review of the literature, however, reveals contradictory results among reported findings possibly related to factors associated with patient selection, stage of disease, differences in methodological details etc. To increase the power of the analysis and attempt to identify commonalities among the reported findings, we performed a meta-analysis of results described in NPC tissues based on chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). This meta-analysis revealed consistent patters in chromosomal abnormalities that appeared to cluster in specific "hot spots" along the genome following a stage-dependent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Ena Wang
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ying-dong Zhao
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang Ren
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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31
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Chang Y, Lee TC, Li JC, Lai TL, Chua HH, Chen CL, Doong SL, Chou CK, Sheen TS, Tsai CH. Differential expression of osteoblast-specific factor 2 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2005; 27:873-82. [PMID: 16136586 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms leading to development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are not well understood. To delineate the features of NPC, we tried to identify unique expression of cellular genes in the tumor biopsy specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS By use of a combination of differential display and cDNA microarray analysis, we found two genes, 3E5 and 4A5, to show unique expression in the NPC biopsy specimens compared with nontumor nasopharyngeal tissues. Expression of 3E5, the osteoblast-specific factor-2 (OSF-2) gene, was detected at significantly higher levels in NPC biopsy specimens than that in control tissues, a finding confirmed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A correlation between expression of OSF-2 and its regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta was observed in nontumor tissues but not in NPC biopsy specimens. On the other hand, expression of 4A5, whose sequences represent the 3' untranslated region of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene, was detected rarely in NPC specimens but frequently in nontumor controls. The expression of pIgR in normal epithelial cells, but not in NPC tumor cells, was verified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS NPC shows significant upregulation of OSF-2 and downregulation of pIgR. Expression of OSF-2 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of NPC. In addition, expression of OSF-2 and pIgR is disassociated with the expression of their regulatory cytokines in NPC biopsy specimens, suggesting that the tumors may have altered responses to certain cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Yeh ES, Lew BO, Means AR. The loss of PIN1 deregulates cyclin E and sensitizes mouse embryo fibroblasts to genomic instability. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:241-51. [PMID: 16223725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505770200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the G0/G1-S phase transition, the timely synthesis and degradation of key regulatory proteins is required for normal cell cycle progression. Two of these proteins, c-Myc and cyclin E, are recognized by the Cdc4 E3 ligase of the Skp1/Cul1/Rbx1 (SCF) complex. SCF(Cdc4) binds to a similar phosphodegron sequence in c-Myc and cyclin E proteins resulting in ubiquitylation and degradation of both proteins via the 26 S proteosome. Since the prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds the c-Myc phosphodegron and participates in regulation of c-Myc turnover, we hypothesized that Pin1 would bind to and regulate cyclin E turnover in a similar manner. Here we show that Pin1 regulates the turnover of cyclin E in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Pin1 binds to the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex in a manner that depends on Ser384 of cyclin E, which is phosphorylated by Cdk2. The absence of Pin1 results in an increased steady-state level of cyclin E and stalling of the cells in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. The cellular changes that result from the loss of Pin1 predispose Pin1 null mouse embryo fibroblasts to undergo more rapid genomic instability when immortalized by conditional inactivation of p53 and sensitizes these cells to more aggressive Ras-dependent transformation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710-3813, USA
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33
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Rodriguez S, Khabir A, Keryer C, Perrot C, Drira M, Ghorbel A, Jlidi R, Bernheim A, Valent A, Busson P. Conventional and array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas from the Mediterranean area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 157:140-7. [PMID: 15721635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurs with a high incidence in Southeast Asia and to a lesser extent in the Mediterranean area, especially in Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Cellular gene alterations combined with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection are thought to be essential for NPC oncogenesis. To date, chromosome analysis with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been reported exclusively for NPCs from Southeast Asia. Although NPCs from the Mediterranean area have several distinct clinical and epidemiological features, CGH investigations have been lacking. Chromosome analysis was therefore undertaken on a series of NPC xenografts and biopsies derived from patients of Mediterranean origin. Four xenografts were investigated with a combination of conventional CGH, array-based CGH, and comparative expressed sequence hybridization. In addition, 23 fresh NPC biopsies were analyzed with conventional CGH. Data obtained from xenografts and fresh biopsies were consistent, except that amplification of genes at 18p was observed only in xenografts derived from metastatic tissues. Frequent gains associated with gene overexpression were detected at 1q25 approximately qter (64%) and 12p13 (50%). Losses were noticed mainly at 11q14 approximately q23 (50%), 13q12 approximately q31 (50%), 14q24 approximately q31 (43%), and 3p13 approximately p23 (43%). Comparison with previous reports suggests that Mediterranean NPCs have higher frequencies of gains at 1q and losses at 13q than their Asian counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodriguez
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Cancer, UMR 8126 CNRS-PR1, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
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34
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Wang L, Ma J, Li J, Li X, Zhang Q, Peng S, Peng C, Zhou M, Xiong W, Yang J, Zhou J, Fan S, Tan C, Yan Q, Shen S, Li G. NGX6 gene inhibits cell proliferation and plays a negative role in EGFR pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:64-73. [PMID: 15723283 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in South China but is rare in other parts of the world. A novel NPC-related gene was isolated by location candidate cloning strategy, whose expression was down-regulated in NPC. This gene was designated human NGX6 (Genbank accession AF188239) and encoded a predicted protein of 338 amino acids that harbors an EGF-like domain. The effects of NGX6 on cells from human NPC cell line HNE1 were investigated. The cells transfected with NGX6 had a markedly high expression of NGX6, leading to significant decrease in cell proliferation and the capability to form colonies in soft agar, delaying the G0-G1 cell cycle progression. Flow cytometry assay indicated that the expression of cyclin D1 significantly decreased in NGX6-transfected HNE1 cells as well as cyclin A and E. There was a delay in tumor formation and a dramatic reduction in tumor size when cells transfected with NGX6 were injected into nude mice. In another way, we found NGX6 played a negative role in EGFR Ras/Mek/MAPK pathway. We propose that NGX6, as an EGF-like domain gene, could delay cell cycle G0-G1 progression and thus inhibit cell proliferation by negatively regulating EGFR pathway in NPC cells and down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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35
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Zhang B, Nie X, Xiao B, Xiang J, Shen S, Gong J, Zhou M, Zhu S, Zhou J, Qian J, Lu H, He X, Li X, Hu G, Li G. Identification of tissue-specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 38:80-90. [PMID: 12874788 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed for isolation of tissue-specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue, by use of cDNAs from human adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue as tester and mixed cDNAs from esophagus, lung, liver, heart, stomach, spleen, skeletal muscle, kidney, and skin as drivers. Fourteen differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue were obtained. Among these genes, LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1 were confirmed to be specifically expressed in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and the trachea. A novel transcript of SPLUNC1, which we designate NASG, was found. We also combined SSH and cDNA microarray hybridization to identify genes whose expressions were altered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We used NPC cell line HNE1 and primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in one SSH experiment, and NPC biopsies and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue in another. Some 1,200 SSH inserts from four subtractive cDNA libraries were arrayed onto nylon membranes by use of robotic printing. Differential gene expression was verified by hybridizing of the membranes with radioactively labeled first-strand cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1, primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, NPC biopsies, and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Seventeen differentially expressed genes in NPC were obtained. Among these genes, we identified SPLUNC1 and LPLUNC1 to be down-expressed in NPC biopsies (34/48, 33/48).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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36
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Jia WH, Shao JY, Feng BJ, Zeng YX. Genetic Component Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219836303000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Wong N, Chan A, Lee SW, Lam E, To KF, Lai PBS, Li XN, Liew CT, Johnson PJ. Positional mapping for amplified DNA sequences on 1q21-q22 in hepatocellular carcinoma indicates candidate genes over-expression. J Hepatol 2003; 38:298-306. [PMID: 12586295 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Comparative genomic hybridization analysis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) indicated frequent gains of 1q and an amplicon at 1q21-q22. Current cytogenetic evidences confer much importance on 1q21-q22, where a role in drug resistance, tumor metastasis and shorter patient survival had been implicated. METHODS Using positional mapping by interphase cytogenetics, we investigated the amplicon 1q21-q22 in five HCC cases. Three amplification maxima represented by yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) 955E11, 876B11 and 945D5 that mapped to regions 1q21.1, 1q21.2 and 1q22, respectively, were indicated. We further investigated candidate genes expression in the mapped YACs by quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A panel of genes encoding protein transcripts involved in apoptosis, cell cycle progression, calcium binding and jumping translocation was studied. RESULTS Among ten HCC cases with the amplicon 1q21-q22 examined, we found a significant gene expression level of JTB, SHC1, CCT3 and COPA in the tumors than the paired adjacent non-malignant liver tissues (P< or =0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our interphase findings on 1q21-q22 pinpointed three affected loci between D1S305 and D1S2369. Up-regulation of candidate genes identified within these over-represented regions may represent targets in the progression of HCC and may carry prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., SAR Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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38
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van Dijk M, Sprenger S, Rombout P, Marres H, Kaanders J, Jeuken J, Ruiter D. Distinct chromosomal aberrations in sinonasal mucosal melanoma as detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 36:151-8. [PMID: 12508243 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal mucosal melanomas are the most frequent mucosal melanomas and arise from melanocytes located in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. The melanoma types, cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, and mucosal melanoma, differ in etiology, geographic distribution, and clinical behavior. Genetic alterations have been previously studied in cutaneous and uveal melanomas but, to the best of our knowledge, not in mucosal melanomas. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on 14 routinely processed sinonasal mucosal melanomas. Furthermore, ploidy analysis was performed on 11 tumors to provide complementary data on the DNA index. The CGH profiles of sinonasal mucosal melanomas show remarkably consistent alterations: chromosome arm 1q is gained in all tumors and gains of 6p and 8q are present in 93 and 57%, respectively. Comparison of CGH data with both the common variants of cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma revealed that sinonasal mucosal melanomas harbor a distinct pattern of chromosomal abnormalities. Ploidy analysis also showed that diploid tumors exhibit gains of 1q and alterations of chromosome 6 (3 of 3 cases tested), whereas clear-copy gains and high-copy gains were seen only in triploid and tetraploid tumors (6 of 8 cases tested). This indicates that alteration of chromosomes 1 and 6 may precede polyploidization and formation of clear-copy gains and high-copy gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcory van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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39
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Hwang CF, Su CY, Huang SC, Huang CC, Fang FM, Lui CC, Chang HW, Cho CL. Low expression levels of p27 correlate with loco-regional recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2003; 189:231-6. [PMID: 12490316 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the roles of p27 and c-myc in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we used immunohistochemical studies to examine the expression of p27 and c-myc proteins in 69 patients with NPC. The results show that a low level of expression was observed in 47 and 41 cases, respectively. A low level of p27 expression was significantly correlated with loco-regional recurrence, and reduction in the c-myc protein was also correlated with neck metastasis in NPC. Our study indicates that a reduction in p27 expression is frequently seen in NPC. Furthermore, low expression levels of p27 and c-myc may contribute to the aggressive behavior of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Hwang
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Chang-Gung University, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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40
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Wong N, Hui ABY, Fan B, Lo KW, Pang E, Leung SF, Huang DP, Johnson PJ. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and xenografts by comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 140:124-32. [PMID: 12645650 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and xenografts represent valuable models for functional and therapeutic studies on this common malignancy in Southeast Asia. The karyotypic information in most NPC cell lines and xenografts, however, remains largely unclear to date. We have characterized the chromosomal aberrations in six commonly used human NPC cell lines and xenografts using the molecular cytogenetic technique of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Genomic imbalances identified in cell lines were further correlated with structural abnormalities indicated from spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis. CGH revealed consistent overrepresentations of 8q (six out of six cases) with a smallest overlapping region identified on 8q21.1 approximately q22. Other common gains included 7p (4/6 cases), 7q (4/6 cases), 12q (4/6), and 20q (4/6 cases), where minimal overlapping regions were suggested on 7p15 approximately p14, 7q11.2 approximately q21, and 12q22 approximately q24.1. Common losses were detected on 3p12 approximately p21 (4/6 cases) and 11q14 approximately qter (4/6 cases). Although SKY analysis on cell lines revealed predominantly unbalanced rearrangements, reciprocal translocations that involved chromosome 2 [i.e., t(1;2), t(2;3), and t(2;4)] were suggested. Furthermore, SKY examination illustrated additional breakpoints on a number of apparently balanced chromosomes. These breakpoints included 3p21, 3q26, 5q31, 6p21.1 approximately p25, 7p14 approximately p22, and 8q22. Our finding of regional gains and losses and breakpoints represents information that may contribute to NPC studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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41
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with remarkable racial and geographic distribution. The development of this EBV-associated cancer likely involves cumulative genetic and epigenetic changes in a background of predisposed genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide studies have unravelled multiple chromosomal abnormalities with involvement of specific oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Alterations of genes such as Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), p16/INK4A, p14/ARF suggest that multiple cellular pathways were dysregulated in the NPC cells. Studies on the precancerous lesions revealed early genetic changes and a critical role of EBV latent infection in the development of this cancer. Based on the existing findings, a pathogenetic model for NPC is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and Institute of Molecular Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR, China.
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42
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Papanikolaou IS, Lazaris AC, Kavantzas N, Davaris PS. Minimal expression of the proto-oncogene int-2 encoded protein in a series of colorectal carcinomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:1084-6. [PMID: 12201868 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Int-2 (fibroblast growth factor-3) is a gene that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor gene family. It has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several types of cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast, head, and neck and lung carcinomas; but no firm data on its biological activity regarding neoplasms arising from the glandular epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract exists. METHODS In the present immunohistochemical study, we investigated the presence of int-2 encoded protein in a panel of 80 cases of colon carcinoma of various stages, grades and sizes. A sheep antihuman int-2 antibody was applied to paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the tumor samples. The percentage of int-2 immunostaining in the positively stained specimens was evaluated by image analysis. RESULTS Int-2 was positively detected in only four tumors (i.e. 5% of the cases examined). All immunopositive cases were moderately differentiated tumors; the adjacent mucosa did not express int-2 protein. The relevant patients were male. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the role of int-2 in colorectal carcinogenesis is probably a limited one.
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43
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Struski S, Doco-Fenzy M, Cornillet-Lefebvre P. Compilation of published comparative genomic hybridization studies. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 135:63-90. [PMID: 12072205 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The power of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been clearly proven since the first paper appeared in 1992 as a tool to characterize chromosomal imbalances in neoplasias. This review summarizes the chromosomal imbalances detected by CGH in solid tumors and in hemopathies. In May of 2001, we took a census of 430 articles providing information on 11,984 cases of human solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Comparative generic hybridization has detected a number of recurrent regions of amplification or deletion that allows for identification of new chromosomal loci (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or other genes) involved in the development, progression, and clonal evolution of tumors. When CGH data from different studies are combined, a pattern of nonrandom genetic aberrations appears. As expected, some of these gains and losses are common to different types of pathologies, while others are more tumor-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Struski
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Robert Debré-CHU Reims, Reims, France
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44
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Yan J, Fang Y, Liang Q, Zeng Y. DNA copy profile in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its correlation with clinical staging. Chin J Cancer Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-001-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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45
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Chan WY, Chan AB, Liu AY, Chow JH, Ng EK, Chung SS. Chromosome 11 copy number gains and Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 2001; 10:223-7. [PMID: 11763312 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200112000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome can be found in many malignant tumors in China. Previous data of interphase cytogenetics, by comparative genomic hybridization and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization, on nasopharyngeal carcinomas and natural killer cell-type non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Hong Kong have noted gains in chromosome 11. This study compares the frequency of chromosome 11 copy number gains in three different types of EBV-associated tumors in Hong Kong. Using alpha-satellite probes, the authors studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization 31 EBV-positive tumors comprising 10 EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, 8 lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, and 13 non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Trisomy or polysomy 11 was detected in 10 of 10 (100%) EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, 6 of 8 (75%) lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, and 4 of 13 (30.8%) non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Compared with the EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, the 10 EBV-negative gastric carcinomas that were also studied showed chromosome 11 copy number gains in 3 of 10 (30%), a significantly lower frequency. The authors conclude that gains in chromosome 11 are common in EBV-associated malignancies in Hong Kong, with the strongest association found in gastric carcinoma. There seems to be differences between EBV-associated tumors of different locations, and between gastric carcinomas with and without EBV.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneuploidy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/virology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT.
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Kristiansen G, Yu Y, Petersen S, Kaufmann O, Schlüns K, Dietel M, Petersen I. Overexpression of c-erbB2 protein correlates with disease-stage and chromosomal gain at the c-erbB2 locus in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:1089-95. [PMID: 11378338 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the c-erbB2 protein is observed in a variety of malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to determine the rate of c-erbB2-overexpression in our tumour collection and to clarify its correlation with the chromosomal status at the c-erbB2 locus 17q21 in NSCLC. Eighty-nine NSCLC were analysed immunohistochemically using a polyclonal c-erbB2 antibody (DAKO). The staining was scored according to the guidelines of the Clinical Trial Assay recommendations (0-3+). Of these, 44 cases were also analysed by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). Overexpression was observed in 37% of the cases (score>1) which was associated with higher disease stages and a positive nodal status in adenocarcinomas. Chromosomal gains at 17q21 were clearly correlated with overexpression of the gene (P=0.009). In addition, there was a highly significant correlation between the c-erbB2 expression comparing the whole section immunostaining analysis and a 127 lung tumour tissue array which included 74 of the 89 cases that were analysed by the classical procedure. We conclude that c-erbB2 is a marker of tumour progression in NSCLC which can be observed on protein level and reflects chromosomal alterations at 17q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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