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Sosinsky A, Ambrose J, Cross W, Turnbull C, Henderson S, Jones L, Hamblin A, Arumugam P, Chan G, Chubb D, Noyvert B, Mitchell J, Walker S, Bowman K, Pasko D, Buongermino Pereira M, Volkova N, Rueda-Martin A, Perez-Gil D, Lopez J, Pullinger J, Siddiq A, Zainy T, Choudhury T, Yavorska O, Fowler T, Bentley D, Kingsley C, Hing S, Deans Z, Rendon A, Hill S, Caulfield M, Murugaesu N. Insights for precision oncology from the integration of genomic and clinical data of 13,880 tumors from the 100,000 Genomes Cancer Programme. Nat Med 2024; 30:279-289. [PMID: 38200255 PMCID: PMC10803271 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Cancer Programme of the 100,000 Genomes Project was an initiative to provide whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for patients with cancer, evaluating opportunities for precision cancer care within the UK National Healthcare System (NHS). Genomics England, alongside NHS England, analyzed WGS data from 13,880 solid tumors spanning 33 cancer types, integrating genomic data with real-world treatment and outcome data, within a secure Research Environment. Incidence of somatic mutations in genes recommended for standard-of-care testing varied across cancer types. For instance, in glioblastoma multiforme, small variants were present in 94% of cases and copy number aberrations in at least one gene in 58% of cases, while sarcoma demonstrated the highest occurrence of actionable structural variants (13%). Homologous recombination deficiency was identified in 40% of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases with 30% linked to pathogenic germline variants, highlighting the value of combined somatic and germline analysis. The linkage of WGS and longitudinal life course clinical data allowed the assessment of treatment outcomes for patients stratified according to pangenomic markers. Our findings demonstrate the utility of linking genomic and real-world clinical data to enable survival analysis to identify cancer genes that affect prognosis and advance our understanding of how cancer genomics impacts patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Cross
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Genomics England, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Louise Jones
- Genomics England, London, UK
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Angela Hamblin
- Genomics England, London, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Boris Noyvert
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Fowler
- Genomics England, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute and the Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sue Hill
- Genomics Unit, NHS England, London, UK
| | - Mark Caulfield
- Genomics England, London, UK.
- William Harvey Research Institute and the Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Nirupa Murugaesu
- Genomics England, London, UK.
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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2
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Kluth M, Graunke M, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Minner S, Michl U, Graefen M, Huland H, Pompe R, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Lebok P, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Clauditz T, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Deletion of 18q is a strong and independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86339-86349. [PMID: 27861151 PMCID: PMC5349918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of 18q recurrently occurs in prostate cancer. To evaluate its clinical relevance, dual labeling fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for 18q21 and centromere 18 was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). An 18q deletion was found in 517 of 6,881 successfully analyzed cancers (7.5%). 18q deletion was linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype. An 18q deletion was seen in 6.4% of 4,360 pT2, 8.0% of 1,559 pT3a and 11.8% of 930 pT3b-pT4 cancers (P < 0.0001). Deletions of 18q were detected in 6.9% of 1,636 Gleason ≤ 3 + 3, 6.8% of 3,804 Gleason 3 + 4, 10.1% of 1,058 Gleason 4+3, and 9.9% of 344 Gleason ≥ 4 + 4 tumors (P = 0.0013). Deletions of 18q were slightly more frequent in ERG-fusion negative (8.2%) than in ERG-fusion positive cancers (6.4%, P = 0.0063). 18q deletions were also linked to biochemical recurrence (BCR, P < 0.0001). This was independent from established pre- and postoperative prognostic factors (P ≤ 0.0004). In summary, the results of our study identify 18q deletion as an independent prognostic parameter in prostate cancer. As it is easy to measure, 18q deletion may be a suitable component for multiparametric molecular prostate cancer prognosis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Graunke
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Raisa Pompe
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for prostate cancer research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Deletion of the olfactomedin 4 gene is associated with progression of human prostate cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 183:1329-38. [PMID: 24070418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) gene is located on chromosome 13q14.3, which frequently is deleted in human prostate cancer. However, direct genetic evidence of OLFM4 gene alteration in human prostate cancer has not yet been obtained. In this study, we investigated the genetics, protein expression, and functions of the OLFM4 gene in human prostate cancer. We found overall 25% deletions within the OLFM4 gene in cancerous epithelial cells compared with adjacent normal epithelial cells that were microdissected from 31 prostate cancer specimens using laser-capture microdissection and genomic DNA sequencing. We found 28% to 45% hemizygous and 15% to 57% homozygous deletions of the OLFM4 gene via fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis from 44 different prostate cancer patient samples. Moreover, homozygous deletion of the OLFM4 gene significantly correlated with advanced prostate cancer. By using immunohistochemical analysis of 162 prostate cancer tissue array samples representing a range of Gleason scores, we found that OLFM4 protein expression correlated inversely with advanced prostate cancer, consistent with the genetic results. We also showed that a truncated mutant of OLFM4 that lacks the olfactomedin domain eliminated suppression of PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth. Together, our findings indicate that OLFM4 is a novel candidate tumor-suppressor gene for chromosome 13q and may shed new light on strategies that could be used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer patients.
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Loss of Retinoblastoma Protein Expression in Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipomas and Cytogenetically Related Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1119-28. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31825d532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Chen X, Yan GY, Liao XP. A Novel Candidate Disease Genes Prioritization Method Based on Module Partition and Rank Fusion. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 14:337-56. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2009.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ying Yan
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Cheng SH, Ng MHL, Lau KM, Liu HSY, Chan JCW, Hui ABY, Lo KW, Jiang H, Hou J, Chu RW, Wong WS, Chan NPH, Ng HK. 4q loss is potentially an important genetic event in MM tumorigenesis: identification of a tumor suppressor gene regulated by promoter methylation at 4q13.3, platelet factor 4. Blood 2006; 109:2089-99. [PMID: 17077331 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-018770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we have elucidated the chromosomal imbalances in the multistep pathogenesis and delineated several critical tumor suppressor gene (TSG) loci in multiple myeloma (MM). By using comparative genomic hybridization, allelotyping, and multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, 5 MM cell lines and bone marrow CD138+ plasma cells from 88 Chinese patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and early and advanced stages of MM were investigated. In all MGUS and MM samples, chromosome copy number abnormalities were detected. A higher number of chromosomal imbalances and specific genetic alterations are involved in MGUS to MM transition (−6q, +3p, and +1p) and MM progression (+2p and +9q). In addition to −13q, we first found high frequencies (42% to 46%) of −4q involving high percentages (70% to 74%) of clonal plasma cells in both MGUS and MM, suggesting that inactivation of TSG in this region is also a potentially critical genetic event in MM tumorigenesis. By high-resolution allelotyping, we defined a common deletion region on 4q13.3 and found that a candidate TSG, platelet factor 4, was frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in MM (15 of 28) and MM cell lines (5 of 5). These data have opened up a new approach in the molecular targeting therapy and provide novel insights into MM tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Platelet Factor 4/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hang Cheng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Lu W, Takahashi H, Furusato M, Maekawa S, Nakano M, Meng C, Kikuchi Y, Sudo A, Hano H. Allelotyping analysis at chromosome 13q of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and clinically insignificant and significant prostate cancers. Prostate 2006; 66:405-12. [PMID: 16302266 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 13q is one of the most common chromosomal alterations in high-stage prostate cancer, yet little is known about genetic changes in earlier-stage prostate cancer. METHODS We used five microsatellite markers at 13q14, 21, and 33 to compare LOH frequencies in 51 lesions of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 21 cases of incidental prostate cancers (IPCs), 31 cases of latent prostate cancers (LPCs), and 102 cases of clinical prostate cancers (CPCs). RESULTS The frequency of LOH at 13q with at least 1 marker was 0%, 38%, 56%, and 49% in HGPIN, IPCs, LPCs, and CPCs, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the types of prostate cancer. Allelic loss at 13q14 was significantly more frequent in pT4 tumors than in earlier-stage tumors (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Allelic loss at 13q is not only an important event in the metastasis of prostate cancer, but also associated with the initiation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Fromont G, Valeri A, Cher M, Pontes JE, Vallancien G, Validire P, Latil A, Cussenot O. Allelic loss at 16q23.2 is associated with good prognosis in high grade prostate cancer. Prostate 2005; 65:341-6. [PMID: 16015610 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 16q23.2 is an early and frequent event in prostate cancer. LOH is thought to be involved in tumor development and progression mainly through inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. However, it has been demonstrated that LOH at 16q23.2 is an independent marker of good prognosis in breast cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of 16q23.2 LOH in prostate cancer, together with other LOH frequently associated with this disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumoral and normal DNA were extracted from 61 radical prostatectomies, including 30 pT2 tumors with low Gleason score 5,6 (group 1), and 31 pT3 high grade (G8-9) tumors (group 2). Median follow-up after surgery was 42 months. Three patients reccured in group 1, and 20 in group 2. LOH analysis was performed using highly informative microsatellites markers, at 16q23.2, and at other chromosome loci frequently deleted in prostate cancer: 7q31, 8p22, 12p13, 13q14, and 18q21. RESULTS LOH at 16q23.2 is associated with low stage low grade tumors and lower preoperative PSA, while LOH at 8p22 is more frequent in high stage high grade prostate cancer. In group 2, 16q23.2 LOH was the only predictor of disease-free survival in univariate and multivariate analysis, and the cumulative LOH rate was not higher in patients non-deleted for 16q23.2. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the interest of 16q23.2 as an independent prognostic factor in high-grade prostate cancer, and suggest that this chromosomal region may contain a gene involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Fromont
- CeRePP, EA 3104, Universite Paris VII, and Department of Urology, Hopital Tenon, Paris, France.
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9
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Thuret R, Chantrel-Groussard K, Azzouzi AR, Villette JM, Guimard S, Teillac P, Berthon P, Houlgatte A, Latil A, Cussenot O. Clinical relevance of genetic instability in prostatic cells obtained by prostatic massage in early prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:236-40. [PMID: 15655554 PMCID: PMC2361859 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether genetic lesions such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are detected in prostatic cells obtained by prostatic massage during early diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP) and discussed their clinical relevance. Blood and first urine voided after prostatic massage were collected in 99 patients with total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 4 and 10 ng ml−1, prior to prostate biopsies. Presence of prostatic cells was confirmed by quantitative RT–PCR analysis of PSA mRNA. Genomic DNA was analysed for LOH on six chromosomal regions. One or more allelic deletions were found in prostatic fluid from 57 patients analysed, of whom 33 (58%) had CaP. Sensitivity and specificity of LOH detection and PSA free to total ratio <15% for positive biopsy were respectively 86.7 and 44% (P=0.002) for LOH, and 55 and 74% (P=0.006) for PSA ratio <15%. Analysis of LOH obtained from prostatic tumours revealed similar patterns compared to prostatic fluid cells in 86% of cases, confirming its accuracy. The presence of LOH of urinary prostatic cells obtained after prostatic massage is significantly associated with CaP on biopsy and may potentially help to identify a set of patients who are candidates for further prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thuret
- CeRePP-EA3104, University Paris 7, France
| | | | - A-R Azzouzi
- CeRePP-EA3104, University Paris 7, France
- Department of Urology of La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J-M Villette
- department of Hormonal Biology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Guimard
- Research Laboratory of Pathology-EA2378, Academic Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Teillac
- Department of Urology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - A Houlgatte
- Department of Urology, Val-de-Grâce Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Latil
- UroGene®, Génopole, Evry, France
| | - O Cussenot
- CeRePP-EA3104, University Paris 7, France
- Department of Urology, Tenon, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Faculté de Médecine des Saints-Peres, 45 rue des Saints-Peres, F-75006 Paris, France. E-mail:
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10
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Fromont G, Chene L, Vidaud M, Vallancien G, Mangin P, Fournier G, Validire P, Latil A, Cussenot O. Differential expression of 37 selected genes in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer using quantitative taqman real‐time RT‐PCR. Int J Cancer 2004; 114:174-81. [PMID: 15543616 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence remains the primary obstacle to improved survival. The development of more effective treatments depends on our understanding of the molecular events associated with the hormone-refractory stage. We quantified, among 90 screened genes, the expression of 37 target genes, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Gene expression was studied in 13 samples of HPRC compared to 33 clinically localised cancers and normal prostate tissue. We identify 19 genes with significant differential expression in HRPC compared to localised prostate cancer. Genes with decreased expression included receptors for growth factors, MMR genes and the serine protease hepsin. Analysis of increased gene expression confirmed the importance of AR upregulation and highlighted genes not previously linked to HRPC, including enzymes involved in steroid synthesis and the antiapoptotic factor survivin. Progression of prostate cancer to the hormone-refractory state is associated with differential gene expression, which may prove useful for both understanding disease progression and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Fromont
- Centre d' Etude et de Recherche en Pathologie Prostatique 3104, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
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11
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von Knobloch R, Konrad L, Barth PJ, Brandt H, Wille S, Heidenreich A, Moll R, Hofmann R. Genetic pathways and new progression markers for prostate cancer suggested by microsatellite allelotyping. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:1064-73. [PMID: 14871986 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE At diagnosis, the biological behavior of prostate cancer is uncertain, making the choice of an adequate therapy option difficult. Performing microsatellite allelotyping on a large series of consecutive prostate cancers procured during radical prostatectomy at our institution, we sought to identify molecular markers associated with disease progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 156 consecutive fresh tumor samples was prospectively collected and macroscopically dissected from the whole prostatectomy specimen immediately after operation. Histologically 100 samples contained >75% tumor cells and were therefore enrolled in the microsatellite allelotyping, using a total of 24 polymorphic markers for the chromosomal regions 5p, 5q, 7q, 8p, 9p, 9q, 13q, 17p, 17q, and 18q. Fresh paired normal and tumor DNA was investigated in fluorescent microsatellite analysis with automated laser product detection. RESULTS The incidence of tumor-DNA alterations [loss of heterozygosity or allelic imbalance (AI)] was highest for chromosomal regions 13q and 8p with 72 and 71%, respectively, followed by chromosomes 7q, 18q, 5q, and 17p with 57, 53, 41, and 39%, respectively. Alterations at chromosomes 8p, 9p, 13q, and 17p were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with advanced tumor stage, whereas AI at 8p and 17p was also associated with high Gleason score (P < 0.05). AI at 5q and 9p was associated with regional lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The combination of AI at 8p and 13q was strongly associated with advanced tumor stage (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS With the obtained results, we are able to postulate three distinct pathways in prostate carcinogenesis, and we identified microsatellite markers of prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf von Knobloch
- Department of Urology, Philipps-University Marburg Medical School, Baldingerstrasse, D-35043 Marburg/Lahn, Germany.
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12
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Fromont G, Joulin V, Chantrel-Groussard K, Vallancien G, Guillonneau B, Validire P, Latil A, Cussenot O. Allelic losses in localized prostate cancer: association with prognostic factors. J Urol 2003; 170:1394-7. [PMID: 14501776 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000083329.89215.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is the most consistent genetic alteration in prostate cancer (CaP), frequently associated with advanced cancer and metastasis. We performed LOH analysis on 6 chromosomal regions of interest in localized CaP to obtain an overview of allelic losses in organ confined tumors and test the association with the usual prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumoral and normal DNA were extracted from 48 radical prostatectomy specimens (all organ confined) with a Gleason score of 5 to 7. Biological and pathological data, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score and perineural invasion (PNI), were correlated with allelic losses at 7q31, 8p22, 12p13, 13q14, 16q23.2 and 18q21. Analysis was done by genotyping using highly informative microsatellites markers. RESULTS The rate of LOH was 25% for chromosomes 13 and 18, and between 40% and 47% for chromosomes 7, 8, 12 and 16. The mean frequency of overall LOH events was less than 34%. Except for the 12p13 and 16q23.2 loci no significant correlation was found between LOH and PSA or Gleason score. PNI was significantly associated with LOH on 8p22 (p = 0.003) and with a high frequency of LOH events (greater than 34%) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of allelic losses in localized and differentiated CaP is associated with PNI but not with the usual prognostic markers, such as PSA and Gleason score. The relationship between LOH on 8p22 and PNI suggests the presence on this region of a gene involved in epithelium/nerve interaction.
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13
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Latil A, Chêne L, Mangin P, Fournier G, Berthon P, Cussenot O. Extensive analysis of the 13q14 region in human prostate tumors: DNA analysis and quantitative expression of genes lying in the interval of deletion. Prostate 2003; 57:39-50. [PMID: 12886522 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 13q14 is one of the most consistent genetic alterations in sporadic prostate cancer. This alteration may be involved in prostate oncogenesis through inactivation of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Candidate gene expression is an approach to focus the search for TSGs in this region. METHODS We tested 41 human sporadic prostate tumors for 13q14 LOH by using seven polymorphic markers overlapping the critical region and used a real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay to study the same tumors for expression of the 31 genes located in this genomic region (localized by the Human Genome Project Working Draft). RESULTS Allelic loss on at least one locus was found in 18 (41%) of the 41 tumor DNAs. Only four genes (ITM2B, CHC1L, KIAA0970, and LOC51131), located in the region most frequently deleted in prostate carcinoma, showed a significant difference in expression between normal and neoplastic prostate tissues. CONCLUSIONS Given their location in the LOH hotspot, as indicated by our genomic analysis, ITM2B, CHC1L, KIAA0970, and LOC51131 are candidate tumor suppressor genes in this region. ITM2B that showed a significant association (P < 0.005) between expression and LOH at the corresponding locus could, furthermore, be the main target of the observed LOH at 13q in prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Latil
- UroGene, Génopole, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, F-91058, Evry cedex, France.
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14
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Ivanov DV, Tyazhelova TV, Lemonnier L, Kononenko N, Pestova AA, Nikitin EA, Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Panchin YV, Yankovsky NK, Baranova AV. A new human gene KCNRG encoding potassium channel regulating protein is a cancer suppressor gene candidate located in 13q14.3. FEBS Lett 2003; 539:156-60. [PMID: 12650944 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the primary characterization of a new gene KCNRG mapped at chromosome band 13q14.3. This gene includes three exons and has two alternatively spliced isoforms that are expressed in normal tissues and in some tumor cell lines. Protein KCNRG has high homology to tetramerization domain of voltage-gated K+ channels. Using the patch-clamp technique we determined that KCNRG suppresses K+ channel activity in human prostate cell line LNCaP. It is known that selective blockers of K+ channels suppress lymphocyte and LNCaP cell line proliferation. We suggest that KCNRG is a candidate for a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prostate cancer tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Ivanov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 3 Gubkina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Bubendorf L. Cytogenetics of Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56321-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Latil A, Morant P, Fournier G, Mangin P, Berthon P, Cussenot O. CHC1-L, a candidate gene for prostate carcinogenesis at 13q14.2, is frequently affected by loss of heterozygosity and underexpressed in human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2002; 99:689-96. [PMID: 12115502 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 13q14 is one of the most recurrent anomalies observed in sporadic prostate tumors. This LOH is believed to unmask recessive mutations that inactivate a tumor-suppressor gene(s) which otherwise regulates normal cell growth and suppresses abnormal cell proliferation. Identification of potential tumor-suppressor genes within the deleted region is a way of indicating putative pathways of prostate cancer development and progression. The main target that disappears or is downregulated as a result of 13q14 loss remains to be identified. Therefore, our first concern was to find a gene located in the 13q14 region whose transcription is reduced. CHC1-L, for chromosome condensation 1-like, is mapped to the smallest common deleted region. CHC1-L expression is significantly reduced in prostate tumors compared to normal prostate tissues (p = 0.0002). In 21 of 36 (58%) primary prostate tumors studied, CHC1-L expression was reduced at least 2-fold, as measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; 18 of the tumors (50%) showed 13q14 LOH for at least 1 of the 5 polymorphic markers that we studied in the region, and 14 (78%) of these were among the tumors underexpressing CHC1-L. CHC1-L is alternatively spliced at its 5' end to produce 2 isoforms, of 551 and 526 aa. Analyses of CHC1-L integrity and of the quantitative expression of its variants indicate that the observed underexpression in prostate tumors is related to reduced expression of the 551 aa isoform. Although CHC1-L is not the obvious candidate given its only known homology, to RCC1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras-related GTPase Ran, the frequent significant decrease observed in its expression in prostate cancer associated with the difference in frequency of CHC1-L variant isoforms between normal and neoplastic prostate tissues places it in a pivotal role or possibly adjacent to a gene that has that role in prostate cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Latil
- Centre Recherche Pathologies Prostatiques-Equipe Accucil 3104 (CeReP-EA), Evry, France.
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17
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Taneja SS, Ha S, Garabedian MJ. Androgen stimulated cellular proliferation in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP is associated with reduced retinoblastoma protein expression. J Cell Biochem 2002; 84:188-99. [PMID: 11746527 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of androgen-dependent cellular proliferation in prostate cancer, androgen-dependent alterations of individual cell cycle regulatory proteins in the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP were evaluated. LNCaP cells were deprived of androgens by culture in steroid-depleted media for 5 days, which resulted in the maximal accumulation of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. The mitogenic concentration of the synthetic androgen R1881 was established as 0.1 nM using cell proliferation assay. Protein and mRNA levels of particular cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (Ckis), and the retinoblastoma proteins (Rb) were assessed. Androgen stimulation resulted in a post-transcriptional reduction in Rb protein levels, an increase in Rb phosphorylation at serine 780 and an accumulation of high molecular weight Rb protein species. Androgen stimulation also induced the expression of the Cdk2 and Cdk1 as well as their regulatory partners, cyclin A and cyclin B, resulting in a corresponding increase in cyclin A/Cdk2 activity in vitro. Pulse-chase showed decreased Rb protein stability in androgen-treated LNCaP cells. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel mechanism of androgen-dependent prostate cancer growth in which androgen stimulation results in decreased Rb protein expression in LNCaP cells. The observation of decreased Rb protein stability in the setting of increased phosphorylation supports the concept of phosphorylation mediated protein degradation. We propose that the observed reduction in Rb protein level occurs through Rb degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and is preceded by selective Rb phosphorylation by cyclin A/Cdk2 and cyclin B/Cdk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Taneja
- Department of Urology, The Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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18
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Dong JT, Boyd JC, Frierson HF. Loss of heterozygosity at 13q14 and 13q21 in high grade, high stage prostate cancer. Prostate 2001; 49:166-71. [PMID: 11746261 DOI: 10.1002/pros.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 13q has been frequently detected in prostate cancer, and three regions (i.e., 13q14, 13q21, and 13q33) may harbor tumor suppressor genes important in this neoplasm. In this study, we examined the frequency of 13q LOH in advanced prostate cancers, in order to determine the clinicopathologic relevance of 13q LOH. METHODS LOH was determined by analyzing microsatellite markers in 41 cases of microdissected predominantly high grade prostate cancer tissues and their matched nonneoplastic cells. The results were compared with those generated previously for lower grade, asymptomatic cancers. RESULTS The frequencies of LOH at 13q14, 13q21, and 13q33 were 62% (21/34), 57% (20/35), and 34% (11/32), respectively. In comparison to previous results, LOH at 13q14 and 13q21 but not 13q33 was more frequent in prostate cancers that produced local clinical symptoms (bladder outlet obstruction) than those that did not (P < 0.05). LOH at 13q14 was also significantly more frequent in high grade and high stage cancers than those that were lower grade and lower stage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the target genes on 13q have not been identified in carcinomas of the prostate, LOH at 13q14 in particular is associated with clinically significant prostate cancers. Further fine mapping of these loci may lead to identification of tumor suppressor genes that are deleted in aggressive carcinomas of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0214, USA.
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Migliazza A, Cayanis E, Bosch-Albareda F, Komatsu H, Martinotti S, Toniato E, Kalachikov S, Bonaldo MF, Jelene P, Ye X, Rzhetsky A, Qu X, Chien M, Inghirami G, Gaidano G, Vitolo U, Saglio G, Resegotti L, Zhang P, Soares MB, Russo J, Fischer SG, Edelman IS, Efstratiadis A, Dalla-Favera R. Molecular pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis of 13q14 chromosomal deletions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2001; 252:275-84. [PMID: 11125485 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-57284-5_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/ultrastructure
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
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Affiliation(s)
- A Migliazza
- Institute of Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York; USA
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20
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Cussenot O, Teillac P, Berthon P, Latil A. Noninvasive detection of genetic instability in cells from prostatic secretion as a marker of prostate cancer. Eur J Intern Med 2001; 12:17-19. [PMID: 11173006 DOI: 10.1016/s0953-6205(00)00134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a clinical and molecular study of a series of specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) indicators which, together with PSA, increase the predictability of cancer in early prostate cancer patients. Considering a positive biopsy as the standard reference, the testing parameters for LOH testing are better than the PSA F/T ratio (<25%), suggesting that this noninvasive approach to detecting early prostate cancer could be very useful as a new tool to optimize the indications for iterative prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cussenot
- CeRePP-EA3104 and Urogène, Génopole, 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine, F-91000, Evry, France
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Strefford JC, Lillington DM, Young BD, Oliver RT. The use of multicolor fluorescence technologies in the characterization of prostate carcinoma cell lines: a comparison of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping data. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 124:112-21. [PMID: 11172901 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified several chromosome regions that are altered in primary prostate cancer and prostatic carcinoma cell lines. These targeted regions may harbor genes involved in tumor suppression. We used multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) to screen for genetic rearrangements in four prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, LNCaP.FCG, DU145, and PC3, and compared our results with those recently obtained using spectral karyotyping (SKY). A number of differences was noted between abnormalities characterized by SKY and M-FISH, suggesting variation in karyotype evolution and characterization by these two methodologies. M-FISH analysis showed that hormone-resistant cell lines (DU145 and PC3) contained many genetic alterations (> or =15 per cell), suggesting high levels of genetic instability in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Most chromosome regions previously implicated in prostate cancer were altered in one or more of these cell lines. Several specific chromosome aberrations were also detected, including a del(4)(p14) and a del(6)(q21) in the hormone-insensitive cell lines, a t(1;15)(p?;q?) in LNCaP, LNCaP, and PC3, and a i(5p) in LNCaP.FCG, DU145, and PC3. These clonal chromosome abnormalities may pinpoint gene loci associated with prostate tumourigenesis, cancer progression, and hormone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Strefford
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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