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Gruosso T, Mieulet V, Cardon M, Bourachot B, Kieffer Y, Devun F, Dubois T, Dutreix M, Vincent-Salomon A, Miller KM, Mechta-Grigoriou F. Chronic oxidative stress promotes H2AX protein degradation and enhances chemosensitivity in breast cancer patients. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:527-49. [PMID: 27006338 PMCID: PMC5123617 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‐cancer drugs often increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause DNA damage. Here, we highlight a new cross talk between chronic oxidative stress and the histone variant H2AX, a key player in DNA repair. We observe that persistent accumulation of ROS, due to a deficient JunD‐/Nrf2‐antioxidant response, reduces H2AX protein levels. This effect is mediated by an enhanced interaction of H2AX with the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168, which is associated with H2AX poly‐ubiquitination and promotes its degradation by the proteasome. ROS‐mediated H2AX decrease plays a crucial role in chemosensitivity. Indeed, cycles of chemotherapy that sustainably increase ROS reduce H2AX protein levels in Triple‐Negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. H2AX decrease by such treatment is associated with an impaired NRF2‐antioxidant response and is indicative of the therapeutic efficiency and survival of TNBC patients. Thus, our data describe a novel ROS‐mediated regulation of H2AX turnover, which provides new insights into genetic instability and treatment efficacy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Cardon
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bourachot
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
| | - Flavien Devun
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | | | - Kyle Malcolm Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France Inserm, U830, Paris, France
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2
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Boyajyan AS, Atshemyan SA, Zakharyan RV. Association of schizophrenia with variants of genes that encode transcription factors. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Ageing is a process characterized by a progressive decline in cellular function, organismal fitness and increased risk of age-related diseases and death. Several hundred theories have attempted to explain this phenomenon. One of the most popular is the 'oxidative stress theory', originally termed the 'free radical theory'. The endocrine system seems to have a role in the modulation of oxidative stress; however, much less is known about the role that oxidative stress might have in the ageing of the endocrine system and the induction of age-related endocrine diseases. This Review outlines the interactions between hormones and oxidative metabolism and the potential effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine organs. Many different mechanisms that link oxidative stress and ageing are discussed, all of which converge on the induction or regulation of inflammation. All these mechanisms, including cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction and microRNA dysregulation, as well as inflammation itself, could be targets of future studies aimed at clarifying the effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy
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Jin J, Sundararaj KP, Samuvel DJ, Zhang X, Li Y, Lu Z, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Different signaling mechanisms regulating IL-6 expression by LPS between gingival fibroblasts and mononuclear cells: seeking the common target. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:188-99. [PMID: 22386866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To reduce connective tissue IL-6 level stimulated by LPS, it is essential to control IL-6 expression in both mononuclear cells and fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether the regulatory mechanisms for both cells are similar or not. In this study, we found that signaling pathways mediating LPS-stimulated IL-6 in mononuclear U937 cells and fibroblasts were different. Furthermore, our studies showed that while LPS activated AP-1 and NFκB in U937 cells, it only activated NFκB in fibroblasts. Analysis of nuclear AP-1 subunits showed that LPS stimulated c-Fos, Fra-1 and Jun D activities in U937 cells, but not fibroblasts. The lack of ERK involvement in LPS-stimulated IL-6 in fibroblasts was further supported by the observations that simvastatin, which is known to target ERK-AP-1, failed to inhibit LPS-stimulated IL-6 by fibroblasts. Finally, we showed that targeting NFκB pathway was highly effective in inhibition of LPS-stimulated IL-6 in coculture of U937 cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Abidi P, Leers-Sucheta S, Cortez Y, Han J, Azhar S. Evidence that age-related changes in p38 MAP kinase contribute to the decreased steroid production by the adrenocortical cells from old rats. Aging Cell 2008; 7:168-78. [PMID: 18241324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current studies were initiated to investigate whether excessive oxidative stress exerts its antisteroidogenic action through modulation of oxidant-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Western blot analysis indicated that aging caused increased phosphorylation and activation of rat adrenal p38 MAPK, but not the ERK1/2 or JNK1/2. Lipid peroxidation measurements (an index of cellular oxidative stress) indicated that adrenal membranes from young animals contained only minimal levels of endogenous thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and exposure of membranes to enzymatic and non-enzymatic pro-oxidants enhanced TBARS formation approximately 12- and 20-fold, respectively. The adrenal membranes from old animals showed much more susceptibility to lipid peroxidation and exhibited roughly 4- to 6-fold higher TBARS formation than young controls both under basal conditions and in response to pro-oxidants. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when lipid peroxide formation was measured using a sensitive FOXRS (ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange-reactive substances) technique. We next tested whether aging-induced excessive oxidative insult alters steroidogenesis through modulation of MAPK signaling pathway. Treatment of adrenocortical cells from old rats with specific p38 MAPK inhibitors restored Bt(2)cAMP-stimulated steroidogenesis approximately 60-70% of the value seen in cells of young animals. Likewise, pretreatment of cells with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers MnTMPyP and N-acetyl cysteine also partially rescued age-induced loss of steroid production. In contrast, simultaneous treatment of cells with ROS scavengers and p38 MAPK inhibitor did not produce any additional effect suggesting that both types of inhibitors exert their stimulatory action through inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. Collectively, these results indicate that p38 MAPK functions as a signaling effector in oxidative stress-induced inhibition of steroidogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Abidi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Mazzatti DJ, White A, Forsey RJ, Powell JR, Pawelec G. Gene expression changes in long-term culture of T-cell clones: genomic effects of chronic antigenic stress in aging and immunosenescence. Aging Cell 2007; 6:155-63. [PMID: 17286612 PMCID: PMC2049045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response requires waves of T-cell clonal expansion on contact with altered self and contraction after elimination of antigen. In the case of persisting antigen, as occurs for example in cytomegalovirus or Epstein–Barr virus infection, this critical process can become dysregulated and responding T-cells enter into a dysfunctional senescent state. Longitudinal studies suggest that the presence of increased numbers of such T-cells is a poor prognostic factor for survival in the very elderly. Understanding the nature of the defects in these T-cells might facilitate intervention to improve immunity in the elderly. The process of clonal expansion under chronic antigenic stress can be modelled in vitro using continuously cultured T-cells. Here, we have used cDNA array technology to investigate differences in gene expression in a set of five different T-cell clones at early, middle and late passage in culture. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and relationships between these assessed using Ingenuity Systems evidence-based association analysis. Several genes and chemokines related to induction of apoptosis and signal transduction pathways regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fos and β-catenin were altered in late compared to early passage cells. These pathways and affected genes may play a significant role in driving the cellular senescent phenotype and warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers of aging and senescence. These genes may additionally provide targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J Mazzatti
- Unilever Corporate Research, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK.
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Shi B, Isseroff RR. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated DNA-binding activity of AP-1 is attenuated in senescent human epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:519-27. [PMID: 15946240 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proliferative responses of cells to mitogens decrease during aging, and this may result from age-related defects in signal transduction in response to mitogens. In this study, we have investigated the age-related alteration of responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured human keratinocytes that were senesced in vitro by repeated passage. The stimulation with EGF increased the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1), an important transcription factor for cell proliferation, in young keratinocytes, whereas the binding activity showed little or slight change in the senescent cells. The induced DNA-binding activity of AP-1 in young cells was inhibited by PD 98059, an inhibitor of MEK, and partially inhibited by GF 109203X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EGF induced dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in young cells, while this phosphorylation was much less profound in senescent cells. Finally, the application of EGF to young cells resulted in increased phosphorylation of Fra-2, a Fos protein component of the Jun/Fos heterodimer AP-1 complex. This EGF-induced Fra-2 phosphorylation was attenuated in senescent cells. Taken together, our study suggests that the signal transduction mediated by EGF/ERK pathway is altered in senescent human keratinocytes, and this change may be attributed, in part, to the decreased AP-1 transcription activity observed in senescent keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Abidi P, Leers-Sucheta S, Azhar S. Suppression of steroidogenesis and activator protein-1 transcription factor activity in rat adrenals by vitamin E deficiency-induced chronic oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 15:210-9. [PMID: 15068814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2003] [Revised: 10/22/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress and associated macromolecular damage are considered to be key features of aging, and appear to contribute to the age-related decline in steroid hormone production in adrenal and testicular Leydig cells. The current studies were initiated to examine the potential mechanism by which excessive oxidative stress during aging attenuates the functional expression of the oxidant-responsive transcription factor Activator protein-1. Chronic oxidative stress was induced in vivo by maintaining groups of rats on a diet deficient in vitamin E for 6 months. Plasma, liver, and adrenal tissues from vitamin E-deficient animals had negligible levels of this vitamin and showed high susceptibility to in vitro lipid peroxidation. Synthesis and secretion of corticosterone in response to corticotropin (ACTH), dibutyryl-cAMP, or 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol in vitro was significantly reduced in adrenocortical cells prepared cells from rats deficient in vitamin E. AP-1 DNA-binding activity was diminished approximately 55 % in adrenal extracts from vitamin E-deficient rats with no corresponding change in the binding activity of SP-1. The vitamin E deficiency-mediated loss of AP-1 activity was not due to an alteration in the dimeric composition of constituent proteins, but rather to a general down-regulation of steady-state levels of members of the Fos and Jun families of proteins. Interestingly, vitamin E deficiency also reduced the expression of the redox-regulated Ref-1 protein. Collectively these data demonstrate that chronic oxidative stress specifically down-regulates essential components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, and suggest that aberrancies in AP-1 expression may adversely affect processes crucial for intracellular cholesterol transport and steroid hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Abidi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Reyes I, Reyes N, Iatropoulos M, Mittelman A, Geliebter J. Aging-associated changes in gene expression in the ACI rat prostate: Implications for carcinogenesis. Prostate 2005; 63:169-86. [PMID: 15486989 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Although the incidence of prostate cancer increases with age, the link between aging and prostate cancer is poorly understood. METHODS Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyze the mRNA expression levels in the dorsolateral prostates from 6- and 18-month-old ACI rats. Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry was performed to validate microarray data in a select set of genes. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed changes in gene expression associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue remodeling, and energy metabolism. Most of these changes have been related to increased proliferative status of the prostate, anti-apoptosis, activated stroma, and alteration of the energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Age-associated alterations in the gene expression profile may put the aging prostate in risk for the initiation, promotion, and progression of neoplastic transformation in both our animal model and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College (NYMC), Valhalla, New York, USA
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Mizuno D, Takahashi Y, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Kamataki T, Funae Y. A novel transcriptional element which regulates expression of the CYP2D4 gene by Oct-1 and YY-1 binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1627:121-8. [PMID: 12818430 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We first identified the transcriptional regulatory element of the CYP2D4 gene. CYP2D4 is of interest in brain pharmacology and physiology because this enzyme can be involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, which act on the central nervous system. Transfection studies using a series of the CYP2D4 promoter luciferase constructs identified the transcriptional element of CYP2D4 in the sequence between nucleotides -116 and -90 (named the neural expression regulatory element, NERE). The nucleotide sequence of NERE was specific for the CYP2D4 gene. Within this region, two nuclear factor-binding sequences, Oct-1 and YY-1, were present. Oct-1 acts as the activator of the CYP2D4. The core sequence of the YY-1 binding motif partially overlapped that of the Oct-1 binding motif. YY-1 may act as the repressor of CYP2D4, which interferes with Oct-1 activation by its binding to NERE. We concluded that a novel transcriptional regulatory element NERE specifically regulates the expression of the CYP2D4. This regulation system may be involved in the unique distribution of this isoform, such as the expression in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Mizuno
- Department of Chemical Biology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Medicherla R, Leers-Sucheta S, Luo Y, Azhar S. Age-dependent modulation of NF-kappaB expression in rat adrenal gland. Mech Ageing Dev 2002; 123:1211-27. [PMID: 12020944 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current studies were initiated to examine the expression and regulation of an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor, NF-kappa B, in rat adrenals during aging. NF- kappa B DNA-binding activity and expression of constituent proteins (Rel family of proteins and I kappa Bs) was measured in adrenal nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from young mature (5 month) and old (24 month) Sprague-Dawley rats before and after treatment with LPS; the latter was used to further invoke oxidative stress. Administration of LPS to either young or old rats induced a dramatic activation of NF- kappa B DNA binding activity as assayed by EMSA. NF- kappa B hetero-dimers, RelA/NF- kappa B1 (p65/p50) accounted for the majority of proteins that bound to consensus NF- kappa B sequences in LPS-treated young and old animals. The intensity of DNA binding complexes was significantly reduced in old animals. The age-related decline in the activation of NF- kappa B could not be attributed to an alteration in the composition of constituent subunits or degradation of NF- kappa B inhibitory proteins (I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta) but rather was due to selective down-regulation of RelA/p65 and NF- kappa B2/p52 proteins. No age-related or LPS-induced changes in the constitutively active transcription factors SP-1 and OCT-1 were detected. These data suggest that aberrancies in the activation of NF- kappa B DNA-binding activity may contribute to the excessive oxidative damage observed in adrenal tissue with aging and may adversely affect cellular processes crucial for intracellular cholesterol transport and steroid hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Medicherla
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC, 182B), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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