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Kakol J, Vang M, Sausen D, Steeno T, Kolokithas A. Time course study of Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans secondary metabolite toxicity profile. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000922. [PMID: 37799202 PMCID: PMC10550379 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies , Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans was isolated and screened for antimicrobial activity. Further, secondary metabolites were isolated and screened for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity in vitro . The current study determines if increased exposure of Hela cells to the secondary metabolites over time increases the cytotoxicity. The results show no detectable increase of cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kakol
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mainor Vang
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Drew Sausen
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tracey Steeno
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Angelo Kolokithas
- Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
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Baranova AA, Alferova VA, Korshun VA, Tyurin AP. Modern Trends in Natural Antibiotic Discovery. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051073. [PMID: 37240718 DOI: 10.3390/life13051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural scaffolds remain an important basis for drug development. Therefore, approaches to natural bioactive compound discovery attract significant attention. In this account, we summarize modern and emerging trends in the screening and identification of natural antibiotics. The methods are divided into three large groups: approaches based on microbiology, chemistry, and molecular biology. The scientific potential of the methods is illustrated with the most prominent and recent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton P Tyurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Dhingra S, Rahman NAA, Peile E, Rahman M, Sartelli M, Hassali MA, Islam T, Islam S, Haque M. Microbial Resistance Movements: An Overview of Global Public Health Threats Posed by Antimicrobial Resistance, and How Best to Counter. Front Public Health 2020; 8:535668. [PMID: 33251170 PMCID: PMC7672122 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics changed medical practice by significantly decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infection. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world. There is global concern about the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects both developed and developing countries. AMR is a public health challenge with extensive health, economic, and societal implications. This paper sets AMR in context, starting with the history of antibiotics, including the discovery of penicillin and the golden era of antibiotics, before exploring the problems and challenges we now face due to AMR. Among the factors discussed is the low level of development of new antimicrobials and the irrational prescribing of antibiotics in developed and developing countries. A fundamental problem is the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotics among medical practitioners, and we explore this aspect in some depth, including a discussion on the KAP among medical students. We conclude with suggestions on how to address this public health threat, including recommendations on training medical students about antibiotics, and strategies to overcome the problems of irrational antibiotic prescribing and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dhingra
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nor Azlina A. Rahman
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Ed Peile
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Motiur Rahman
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- The Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | | | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
For phage therapy-the treatment of bacterial infections using bacterial viruses-a key issue is the conflict between apparent ease of clinical application, on the one hand, and on the other hand, numerous difficulties that can be associated with undertaking preclinical development. These conflicts between achieving efficacy in the real world versus rigorously understanding that efficacy should not be surprising because equivalent conflicts have been observed in applied biology for millennia: exploiting the inherent, holistic tendencies of useful systems, e.g., of dairy cows, inevitably is easier than modeling those systems or maintaining effectiveness while reducing such systems to isolated parts. Trial and error alone, in other words, can be a powerful means toward technological development. Undertaking trial and error-based programs, especially in the clinic, nonetheless is highly dependent on those technologies possessing both inherent safety and intrinsic tendencies toward effectiveness, but in this modern era we tend to forget that ideally there would exist antibacterials which could be thus developed, that is, with tendencies toward both safety and effectiveness, and which are even relatively inexpensive. Consequently, we tend to demand rigor as well as expense of development even to the point of potentially squandering such utility, were it to exist. In this review I lay out evidence that in phage therapy such potential, in fact, does exist. Advancement of phage therapy unquestionably requires effective regulation as well as rigorous demonstration of efficacy, but after nearly 100 years of clinical practice, perhaps not as much emphasis on strictly laboratory-based proof of principle.
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rolain J, Baquero F. The refusal of the Society to accept antibiotic toxicity: missing opportunities for therapy of severe infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:423-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
For thousands of years people were delivered helplessly to various kinds of infections, which often reached epidemic proportions and have cost the lives of millions of people. This is precisely the age since mankind has been thinking of infectious diseases and the question of their causes. However, due to a lack of knowledge, the search for strategies to fight, heal, and prevent the spread of communicable diseases was unsuccessful for a long time. It was not until the discovery of the healing effects of (antibiotic producing) molds, the first microscopic observations of microorganisms in the seventeenth century, the refutation of the abiogenesis theory, and the dissolution of the question "What is the nature of infectious diseases?" that the first milestones within the history of antibiotics research were set. Then new discoveries accelerated rapidly: Bacteria could be isolated and cultured and were identified as possible agents of diseases as well as producers of bioactive metabolites. At the same time the first synthetic antibiotics were developed and shortly thereafter, thousands of synthetic substances as well as millions of soil borne bacteria and fungi were screened for bioactivity within numerous microbial laboratories of pharmaceutical companies. New antibiotic classes with different targets were discovered as on assembly line production. With the beginning of the twentieth century, many of the diseases which reached epidemic proportions at the time-e.g., cholera, syphilis, plague, tuberculosis, or typhoid fever, just to name a few, could be combatted with new discovered antibiotics. It should be considered that hundred years ago the market launch of new antibiotics was significantly faster and less complicated than today (where it takes 10-12 years in average between the discovery of a new antibiotic until the launch). After the first euphoria it was quickly realized that bacteria are able to develop, acquire, and spread numerous resistance mechanisms. Whenever a new antibiotic reached the market it did not take long until scientists observed the first resistant germs. Since the marketing of the first antibiotic there is a neck-on-neck race between scientists who discover natural or develop semisynthetic and synthetic bioactive molecules and bacteria, which have developed resistance mechanisms. The emphasis of this chapter is to give an overview of the history of antibiotics research. The situation within the pre-antibiotic era as well as in the early antibiotic era will be described until the Golden Age of Antibiotics will conclude this time travel. The most important antibiotic classes, information about their discovery, activity spectrum, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, and current application will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin I Mohr
- Department Microbial Drugs and German Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pei J, Yao S, Cheng C. Bacteriophage therapy against Enterobacteriaceae. Virol Sin 2015; 30:11-8. [PMID: 25662887 PMCID: PMC8200896 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacteriaceae are a class of gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods, which can cause a variety of diseases, such as bacteremia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections and ophthalmic infections, in humans, poultry, animals and fish. Disease caused by Enterobacteriaceae cause the deaths of millions of people every year, resulting in enormous economic loss. Drug treatment is a useful and efficient way to control Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance has been found in growing number of Enterobacteriaceae infections and, as such, there is an urgent need to find new methods of control. Bacteriophage therapy is an efficient alternative to antibiotics as it employs a different antibacterial mechanism. This paper summarizes the history of bacteriophage therapy, its bacterial lytic mechanisms, and the studies that have focused on Enterobacteriaceae and bacteriophage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqiang Xu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Yong Liu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Yang Liu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Jiangsen Pei
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Chi Cheng
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, 100015 China
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Beijing, 100015 China
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Loc-Carrillo C, Abedon ST. Pros and cons of phage therapy. BACTERIOPHAGE 2014; 1:111-114. [PMID: 22334867 DOI: 10.4161/bact.1.2.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many publications list advantages and disadvantages associated with phage therapy, which is the use of bacterial viruses to combat populations of nuisance or pathogenic bacteria. The goal of this commentary is to discuss many of those issues in a single location. In terms of "Pros," for example, phages can be bactericidal, can increase in number over the course of treatment, tend to only minimally disrupt normal flora, are equally effective against antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, often are easily discovered, seem to be capable of disrupting bacterial biofilms, and can have low inherent toxicities. In addition to these assets, we consider aspects of phage therapy that can contribute to its safety, economics, or convenience, but in ways that are perhaps less essential to the phage potential to combat bacteria. For example, autonomous phage transfer between animals during veterinary application could provide convenience or economic advantages by decreasing the need for repeated phage application, but is not necessarily crucial to therapeutic success. We also consider possible disadvantages to phage use as antibacterial agents. These "Cons," however, tend to be relatively minor.
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Bentley R. Different roads to discovery; Prontosil (hence sulfa drugs) and penicillin (hence β-lactams). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:775-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar C, Himabindu M, Jetty A. Microbial Biosynthesis and Applications of Gentamicin: A Critical Appraisal. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:173-212. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802262197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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