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Kumar KK. Fungi: A Bio-resource for the Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48474-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharma M, Jasrotia S, Ohri P, Manhas RK. Nematicidal potential of Streptomyces antibioticus strain M7 against Meloidogyne incognita. AMB Express 2019; 9:168. [PMID: 31641879 PMCID: PMC6805829 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne spp. are microscopic, obligatory endoparasites with worldwide distribution which cause severe damage to agricultural crops. The present study revealed the nematicidal activity of Streptomyces antibioticus strain M7 against Meloidogyne incognita. The culture supernatant of the isolate caused 100% J2 mortality after 24 h and inhibited egg hatching (only 3%). In addition, the nematicidal activity of actinomycins V, X2 and D purified from strain M7 was also checked. In vitro studies displayed 97.0-99.0% juvenile mortality and 28.0-44.0% egg hatching after 168 h at 240 µg/ml of actinomycin, with LD50 (lethal dose) values of 28-120 µg/ml. In vivo study further validated the nematicidal activity of strain M7, where nematode infested tomato plants treated with culture supernatant/cells/solvent extract showed reduction in root galls and egg masses per plant by 50.0-62.06% and 53.48-76.74%, respectively, and significantly enhanced the shoot length (54.67-76.39%), root length (36.45-64.88%), shoot fresh weight (111-171.77%), root fresh weight (120-163.33%), shoot dry weight (54.45-145.45%), and root dry weight (100-133.3%) over the nematode infested plants treated with water. Furthermore, tomato plants treated with cells/culture supernatant/extract of strain M7 without nematode infestation also showed significant increase in various plant growth parameters. Thus, the outcome of the study revealed the potential of S. antibioticus strain M7 and actinomycins produced from it to be developed as safe nematicidal agents to control the root knot nematodes, and to increase the crop yield.
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Hajji-Hedfi L, M’Hamdi-Boughalleb N, Horrigue-Raouani N. Fungal diversity in rhizosphere of root-knot nematode infected tomatoes in Tunisia. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kamran M, Javed N, Ullah I, Nazir S, Jamil S, Iqbal MZ, Abbas H, Khan SA, Ehetisham ul Haq M. Genetic Variability among Different Populations of Root Knot Nematodes Based on Their Encumbrance Response to Pasteuria Isolates Using PCR-RFLP. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:51-62. [PMID: 30828279 PMCID: PMC6385655 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2017.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A great variable response was observed when PP-3 and PP-J encumbered with 116 populations of root knot nematode (RKN) at two different temperatures (25 ± 2°C and 30 ± 2°C) and concentrations (104 and 105 spores/ml). The PCR reaction amplified intergenic region between cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and large subunit of rRNA gene (lrRNA) of the mitochondrial genome of different RKN species. The primer C2F3 and 1108 identified M. incognita with the highest frequency (52.6%) followed by M. javanica (36.8%) and M. arenaria (10.5%). The sizes of PCR products were 1.7 kb for M. incognita and M. javanica populations while populations of M. arenaria produced 1.1 kb fragment. The digestion with Hinf I yielded three different fragment length patterns on 1.5 % agarose gel. From current research it is concluded that intra-Meloidogyne genetic variability exist in RKN populations which have better encumbrance with P. penetrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Nazir Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading RG6 6AR,
UK
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Huma Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Sajid Aleem Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab,
Pakistan
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Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi are a unique and intriguing group of carnivorous microorganisms that can trap and digest nematodes by means of specialized trapping structures. They can develop diverse trapping devices, such as adhesive hyphae, adhesive knobs, adhesive networks, constricting rings, and nonconstricting rings. Nematode-trapping fungi have been found in all regions of the world, from the tropics to Antarctica, from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. They play an important ecological role in regulating nematode dynamics in soil. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Nematode-trapping fungi serve as an excellent model system for understanding fungal evolution and interaction between fungi and nematodes. With the development of molecular techniques and genome sequencing, their evolutionary origins and divergence, and the mechanisms underlying fungus-nematode interactions have been well studied. In recent decades, an increasing concern about the environmental hazards of using chemical nematicides has led to the application of these biological control agents as a rapidly developing component of crop protection.
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RNA-Seq reveals the molecular mechanism of trapping and killing of root-knot nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zou X, Lu Y, Sun Q, Huang H, Liu M, Bao S. Transcriptome analysis of Meloidogyne incognita encumbered by Pasteuria penetrans endospores provides new insights into bacteria and nematode interaction. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN,Meloidogynespp.) are one of the most harmful pests in agriculture.Pasteuria penetrans, an obligate hyperparasite of RKN, is an effective biological control agent. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of interaction betweenP. penetransand the second-stage juvenile (J2) ofMeloidogyne incognita. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing to characterise the differential expression profiles between control J2 ofM. incognitaand J2 encumbered byP. penetransendospores. A total of 445 genes were found to be differentially expressed, including 406 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated genes. Thirty-seven putative immune-related genes encoding collagens, cytochrome P450, lysozymes and other active proteins were identified. Genes involved in the ‘biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids’ pathway and several core sets of immune effectors were up-regulated, indicating conserved immune mechanisms among different nematodes. Down-regulation of cytochrome P450-related genes might suggest a specific defence response ofM. incognitaencumbered byP. penetransendospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zou
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Qianguang Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Shixiang Bao
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
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Costa LSAS, Campos VP, Terra WC, Pfenning LH. Microbiota from Meloidogyne exigua egg masses and evidence for the effect of volatiles on infective juvenile survival. NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Egg masses ofMeloidogyne exiguafrom coffee plants are subjected to a range of microbial populations and these resident soil organisms in the egg masses may affect nematode communities. The incidence of fungi and bacteria inM. exiguaegg masses was investigated and the toxic effect of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was tested on second-stage juveniles (J2). Bacteria and fungi were isolated from egg masses on coffee root and identified to species. The nematicidal activity of VOCs from bacterial and fungal strains was tested againstM. exiguainin vitroexperiments. Several bacterial and fungal strains were found inM. exiguaegg masses and produced VOCs that were toxic toM. exiguaJ2. Bacterial strains induced more nematode mortality compared with fungal strains. The continued colonisation of fungi and bacteria inM. exiguaegg masses occurred during the year and their VOCs reduced the viable inocula ofM. exiguaand should be explored as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Simara Abreu S. Costa
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vicente Paulo Campos
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Willian C. Terra
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ludwig H. Pfenning
- Laboratory of Fungus Systematics and Ecology, Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Davies KG. Understanding the interaction between an obligate hyperparasitic bacterium, Pasteuria penetrans and its obligate plant-parasitic nematode host, Meloidogyne spp. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2009; 68:211-45. [PMID: 19289196 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)00609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pasteuria penetrans is an endospore-forming bacterium, which is a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. that are economically important pests of a wide range of crops. The life cycle of the bacterium and nematode are described with emphasis on the bacterium's potential as a biocontrol agent. Two aspects that currently prohibit the commercial development of the bacterium as a biocontrol agent are the inability to culture it outside its host and its host specificity. Vegetative growth of the bacterium is possible in vitro; however, getting the vegetative stages of the bacterium to enter sporogenesis has been problematic. Insights from genomic survey sequences regarding the role of cation concentration and the phosphorylation of Spo0F have proved useful in inducing vegetative bacteria to sporulate. Similarly, genomic data have also proved useful in understanding the attachment of endospores to the cuticle of infective nematode juveniles, and a Velcro-like model of spore attachment is proposed that involves collagen-like fibres on the surface of the endospore interacting with mucins on the nematode cuticle. Ecological studies of the interactions between Daphnia and Pasteuria ramosa are examined and similarities are drawn between the co-evolution of virulence in the Daphnia system and that of plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Davies
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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Davies KG, Rowe JA, Williamson VM. Inter- and intra-specific cuticle variation between amphimictic and parthenogenetic species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) as revealed by a bacterial parasite (Pasteuria penetrans). Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:851-9. [PMID: 18171577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specific host-parasite interactions exist between species and strains of plant parasitic root-knot nematodes and the Gram-positive bacterial hyperparasite Pasteuria penetrans. This bacterium produces endospores that adhere to the cuticle of migrating juveniles, germinate and colonise the developing female within roots. Endospore attachment of P. penetrans populations to second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla showed there were interactive differences between bacterial populations and nematode species. Infected females of M. incognita produced a few progeny which were used to establish two nematode lines from single infective juveniles encumbered with either three or 26 endospores. Single juvenile descent lines of each nematode species were produced to test whether cuticle variation was greater within M. hapla lines that reproduce by facultative meiotic parthenogenesis than within lines of M. incognita, which reproduces by obligate parthenogenesis. Assays revealed variability between broods of individual females derived from single second-stage juvenile descent lines of both M. incognita and M. hapla suggesting that progeny derived from a single individual can differ in spore adhesion in both sexual and asexual nematode species. These results suggest that special mechanisms that produced these functional differences in the cuticle surface may have evolved in both sexually and asexually reproducing nematodes as a strategy to circumvent infection by this specialised hyperparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Davies
- Nematode Interactions Unit, Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
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