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Molimard C, Dor F, Overs A, Monnien F, Gessain G, Kedochim L, D'Angelo F, Abad M, Heberle M, Derangère V, Ghiringhelli F, Vuitton L, Valmary-Degano S, Borg C, Lakkis Z, Bibeau F. Evaluation of immune infiltrate according to the HER2 status in colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:853-860. [PMID: 37845155 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In colorectal cancer (CRC), HER2 targeting is a promising treatment and immune infiltrate is an important area of research and strategy. Data regarding HER2 status and immune infiltrate are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the immune infiltrate between HER2 amplified and non-amplified categories in proficient MisMatchRepair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. METHODS HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed in a retrospective series of 654 CRC. Lymphocyte infiltrate was analysed by anti-CD3, CD8 and CD4 IHC and evaluated digitally using QuPath software. RESULTS Among the 654 CRC, we first observed a decreased CD3+ and CD8+ infiltrate between HER2 amplified (all IHC 3+ except one 2+) and non-amplified HER2 2+ IHC CRC (p = 0.059 and 0.072 respectively). A supplementary analysis of 258 pMMR/MSS CRC from the previous cohort, displaying all the IHC scores (0, 1+, 2+, 3+), showed a lower CD3+ infiltrate between HER2 amplified versus HER2 0 (p = 0.002), 1+ (p = 0.088) and non-amplified 2+ (p = 0.081) IHC cases. CONCLUSIONS Our original findings suggest that in pMMR/MSS CRC, the immune infiltrate is reduced in HER2 amplified versus other HER2 categories. These data might be useful for future strategies combining anti-HER2 treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors and need to be confirmed in larger CRC cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Molimard
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Fanny Dor
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Alexis Overs
- Department of Oncobiology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Loïs Kedochim
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Flavia D'Angelo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marine Abad
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Morgane Heberle
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Valentin Derangère
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Séverine Valmary-Degano
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Zaher Lakkis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Fréderic Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
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2
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Wang J, Liu T, Huang T, Shang M, Wang X. The mechanisms on evasion of anti-tumor immune responses in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943806. [PMID: 36439472 PMCID: PMC9686275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the tumor have been at each other's throats for so long that the neoplasm has learned to avoid detection and avoid being attacked, which is called immune evasion. Malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer (GC), share the ability to evade the body's immune system as a defining feature. Immune evasion includes alterations to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), antigen presentation mechanisms (APMs), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). While TAA and APM are simpler in nature, they both involve mutations or epigenetic regulation of genes. The TME is comprised of numerous cell types, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix, any one of which might be altered to have an effect on the surrounding ecosystem. The NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways are all associated with gastric cancer tumor immune evasion. In this review, we will delineate the functions of these pathways in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Sun W, Wang X, Wang D, Lu L, Lin H, Zhang Z, Jia Y, Nie X, Liu T, Fu W. CD40×HER2 bispecific antibody overcomes the CCL2-induced trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005063. [PMID: 35851310 PMCID: PMC9295658 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There was much hard work to study the trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), but the information which would reveal this abstruse mechanism is little. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of tumor cell-derived CCL2 on trastuzumab resistance and overcome the resistance by treatment with the anti-CD40-scFv-linked anti-HER2 (CD40 ×HER2) bispecific antibody (bsAb). Methods We measured the levels of CCL2 expression in HER2-positive GC tissues, and revealed biological functions of tumor cell-derived CCL2 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the trastuzumab resistance. Then, we developed CD40 ×HER2 bsAb, and examined the targeting roles on HER2 and CD40, to overcome the trastuzumab resistance without systemic toxicity. Results We found the level of CCL2 expression in HER2-postive GC was correlated with infiltration of TAMs, polarization status of infiltrated TAMs, trastuzumab resistance and survival outcomes of GC patients. On exposure to CCL2, TAMs decreased the M1-like phenotype, thereby eliciting the trastuzumab resistance. CCL2 activated the transcription of ZC3H12A, which increased K63-linked deubiquitination and K48-linked auto-ubiquitination of TRAF6/3 to inactivate NF-κB signaling in TAMs. CD40 ×HER2 bsAb, which targeted the CD40 to restore the ubiquitination level of TRAF6/3, increased the M1-like phenotypic transformation of TAMs, and overcame trastuzumab resistance without immune-related adversary effects (irAEs). Conclusions We revealed a novel mechanism of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive GC via the CCL2-ZC3H12A-TRAF6/3 signaling axis, and presented a CD40 ×HER2 bsAb which showed great antitumor efficacy with few irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daohan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangpu Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyang Nie
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Nguyen-Hoai T, Hohn O, Pezzutto A, Westermann J. Gene Gun Her2/neu DNA Vaccination: Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in a Syngeneic Her2/neu Mouse Tumor Model. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2521:129-154. [PMID: 35732996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic vaccination using naked plasmid DNA is an immunization strategy both against infectious diseases and cancer.In order to improve efficacy of DNA vaccines, particularly in large animals and humans, different strategies have been pursued. These vaccination strategies are based on different application routes, schedules and coexpression of immunomodulatory molecules as adjuvants. Our mouse tumor model offers the possibility to investigate Her2/neu DNA vaccines in different settings, that is, intramuscular or intradermal application with or without coexpression of adjuvants. The immunogenicity of predicted peptides for Her2/neu specific memory T cells were screened and confirmed after intramuscular and intradermal application. Protection from tumor growth in tumor challenge experiments and both T cell and humoral immune responses against Her2/neu peptides are used as surrogate parameters for vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Nguyen-Hoai
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Antonio Pezzutto
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Westermann
- Department Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Combined treatment with anti-HER2/neu and anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies induces a synergistic antitumor effect but requires dose optimization to maintain immune memory for protection from lethal rechallenge. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:967-978. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Immunogenicity of a xenogeneic multi-epitope HER2+ breast cancer DNA vaccine targeting the dendritic cell restricted antigen-uptake receptor DEC205. Vaccine 2022; 40:2409-2419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Targeting tumor cells with antibodies enhances anti-tumor immunity. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2018; 4:243-253. [PMID: 30533489 PMCID: PMC6245233 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting antibodies were initially defined as a group of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that recognize tumor-specific membrane proteins, block cell signaling, and induce tumor-killing through Fc-driven innate immune responses. However, in the past decade, ample evidence has shown that tumor-targeting mAb (TTmAb) eradicates tumor cells via activation of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). In this review, we specifically focus on how TTmAbs induce adaptive anti-tumor immunity and its potential in combination therapy with immune cytokines, checkpoint blockade, radiation, and enzyme-targeted small molecule drugs. Exploring the mechanisms of these preclinical studies and retrospective clinical data will significantly benefit the development of highly efficient and specific TTmAb-oriented anti-tumor remedies.
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8
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Xu T, He BS, Liu XX, Hu XX, Lin K, Pan YQ, Sun HL, Peng HX, Chen XX, Wang SK. The Predictive and Prognostic Role of Stromal Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in HER2-positive Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab-based Treatment: a Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. J Cancer 2017; 8:3838-3848. [PMID: 29151971 PMCID: PMC5688937 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are white blood cells that have left the bloodstream and migrated into a tumor, involving in the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients. Published studies reported the value of TILs in patients with HER2-positive receiving trastuzumab-based treatment. However, the results obtained remain controversial. Here, we conducted this study to explore the predictive and prognostic role of TILs for HER2-positive BC patients receiving trastuzumab therapies. Method To identify the related published studies, a comprehensive literature search dating up to July 2017 was performed in the databases of PubMed, PMC, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) according to predefined selection criteria. The pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival outcome of patients were measured by odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), respectively. The association between TILs and trastuzumab benefit was analyzed by using STATA version 11.0. Result Eleven eligible studies comprising 3228 patients were identified in the present study. The pooled results showed that high level of TILs was associated with a significantly improved pCR rate (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.10-1.60) and longer survival (HR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99), particularly in the subgroups of retrospective study design and 10% INC cut-off value. Moreover, stratified analysis revealed that elevated TILs was a predictor of higher pCR rate in the Asian population and improved survival in the subgroups of Caucasian population and multivariate analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that the level of stromal TILs was an independent predictive and prognostic marker for better outcome in HER2-positive BC patients receiving trastuzumab-based treatment. High level of TILs was significantly associated with trastuzumab benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical college, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Lin
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Xin Peng
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical college, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Chen
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical college, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Kui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Baleeiro RB, Rietscher R, Diedrich A, Czaplewska JA, Lehr CM, Scherließ R, Hanefeld A, Gottschaldt M, Walden P. Spatial separation of the processing and MHC class I loading compartments for cross-presentation of the tumor-associated antigen HER2/ neu by human dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1047585. [PMID: 26985398 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1047585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the process by which professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) (B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages) present endocytosed antigens (Ags) via MHC-I to CD8+ T cells. This process is crucial for induction of adaptive immune responses against tumors and infected cells. The pathways and cellular compartments involved in cross-presentation are unresolved and controversial. Among the cells with cross-presenting capacity, DCs are the most efficient, which was proposed to depend on prevention of endosomal acidification to block degradation of the epitopes. Contrary to this view, we show in this report that some cargoes induce strong endosomal acidification following uptake by human DCs, while others not. Moreover, processing of the tumor-associated antigen HER2/neu delivered in nanoparticles (NP) for cross-presentation of the epitope HER2/neu369-377 on HLA-A2 depended on endosomal acidification and cathepsin activity as well as proteasomes, and newly synthesized HLA class I. However, the HLA-A*0201/HER2/neu369-377 complexes were not found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) nor in endolysosomes but in hitherto not described vesicles. The data thus indicate spatial separation of antigen processing and loading of MHC-I for cross-presentation: antigen processing occurs in the uptake compartment and the cytosol whereas MHC-I loading with peptide takes place in a distinct subcellular compartment. The findings further elucidate the cellular pathways involved in the cross-presentation of a full-length, clinically relevant tumor-associated antigen by human DCs, and the impact of the vaccine formulation on antigen processing and CD8+ T cell induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B Baleeiro
- Department of Dermatology; Venerology and Allergology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin ; Berlin, Germany
| | - René Rietscher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Saarland University ; Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrea Diedrich
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics; Kiel University ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Justyna A Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS); Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Saarland University; Saarbrücken, Germany; Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology; Saarland University; Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics; Kiel University ; Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Walden
- Department of Dermatology; Venerology and Allergology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin ; Berlin, Germany
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10
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Liu W, Zhang L, Shi J, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hou K, Qu X, Teng Y. Clinical significance of pAkt and pErk1/2 expression in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1707-1714. [PMID: 25789027 PMCID: PMC4356398 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pErk1/2) proteins may result in breast cancer progression and drug resistance in vitro, however, compelling evidence regarding the clinical significance of pAkt and pErk1/2 in early-stage breast cancer is currently lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of pAkt and pErk1/2 expression in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor specimens were obtained from 256 patients with early-stage breast cancer who had been treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and pAkt and pErk1/2 protein expression was immunohistochemically determined. The interactions between pAkt, pErk1/2 and clinical characteristics were assessed by performing χ2 tests, and survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. It was identified that pAkt and pErk1/2 were expressed in 38.7 and 33.6% of patients, respectively, and that pAkt protein expression was correlated with pErk1/2 protein expression (P<0.001). In addition, after a median follow-up period of 52.5 months, the patients with pAkt- and pErk1/2-negative tumors experienced a significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) time compared with pAkt- or pErk1/2-positive patients (P=0.028). pErk1/2 expression was associated with the decreased DFS time of the patients (P=0.049), and pAkt and pErk1/2 expression were associated with the decreased DFS time in human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-positive patients (P=0.002). pErk1/2 expression was associated with chemotherapy resistance (P=0.016). Thus, the coexpression of pAkt and pErk1/2 was an independent factor for a poor prognosis in early-stage and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. By contrast, pErk1/2 expression alone may be a poor predictor for determining the efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Anshan City, Anshan, Liaoning 114034, P.R. China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuee Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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11
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Gene Gun Her2/neu DNA Vaccination: Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy in a Syngeneic Her2/neu Mouse Tumor Model. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1317:17-37. [PMID: 26072399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2727-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic vaccination using naked plasmid DNA is an immunization strategy both against infectious diseases and cancer. In order to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines, particularly in large animals and humans, different strategies have been pursued. These vaccination strategies are based on different application routes, schedules, and coexpression of immunomodulatory molecules as adjuvants. Our mouse tumor model offers the possibility to investigate Her2/neu DNA vaccines in different settings, i.e., intramuscular or intradermal application with or without coexpression of adjuvants. Protection from tumor growth in tumor challenge experiments and both T cell and humoral immune responses against Her2/neu peptides are used as surrogate parameters for vaccine efficacy.
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12
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Rakhshani N, Kalantari E, Bakhti H, Sohrabi MR, Mehrazma M. Evaluation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Gastric Carcinoma using a Tissue Microarray. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7597-602. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Occhipinti S, Sponton L, Rolla S, Caorsi C, Novarino A, Donadio M, Bustreo S, Satolli MA, Pecchioni C, Marchini C, Amici A, Cavallo F, Cappello P, Pierobon D, Novelli F, Giovarelli M. Chimeric rat/human HER2 efficiently circumvents HER2 tolerance in cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2910-21. [PMID: 24668647 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the great success of HER2 vaccine strategies in animal models, effective clinical results have not yet been obtained. We studied the feasibility of using DNA coding for chimeric rat/human HER2 as a tool to break the unresponsiveness of T cells from patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors (HER2-CP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Dendritic cells (DCs) generated from patients with HER2-overexpressing breast (n = 28) and pancreatic (n = 16) cancer were transfected with DNA plasmids that express human HER2 or heterologous rat sequences in separate plasmids or as chimeric constructs encoding rat/human HER2 fusion proteins and used to activate autologous T cells. Activation was evaluated by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, perforin expression, and ability to halt HER2+ tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Specific sustained proliferation and IFN-γ production by CD4 and CD8 T cells from HER2-CP was observed after stimulation with autologous DCs transfected with chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmids. Instead, T cells from healthy donors (n = 22) could be easily stimulated with autologous DCs transfected with any human, rat, or chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmid. Chimeric HER2-transfected DCs from HER2-CP were also able to induce a sustained T-cell response that significantly hindered the in vivo growth of HER2(+) tumors. The efficacy of chimeric plasmids in overcoming tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction relies on their ability to circumvent suppressor effects exerted by regulatory T cells (Treg) and/or interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the proof of concept that chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmids can be used as effective vaccines for any HER2-CP with the advantage of being not limited to specific MHC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2910-21. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Occhipinti
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Sponton
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caorsi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anna Novarino
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Donadio
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sara Bustreo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Satolli
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carla Pecchioni
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Pierobon
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, ItalyAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Immunogenetic and Transplant Biology Service, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Italy; Division of Oncology, Subalpine OncoHematology Cancer Center (COES), AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Seliger B, Kiessling R. The two sides of HER2/neu: immune escape versus surveillance. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:677-84. [PMID: 24035606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oncogene HER2 is one of the prototypes for targeted immunotherapy of cancer using both monoclonal antibodies as well as T cell based immunotherapies. Effective humoral and cellular immune responses against HER2 can be induced, but these responses can be influenced by the effects of this oncogene on the target tumor cells. The processes involved in HER2-mediated adaptive and innate immunity and the molecular mechanisms underlying the escape of HER2-expressing tumor cells from immune surveillance, particularly from cytotoxic T cells, are discussed. Implementing this knowledge in clinical trials to revert immune evasion may help optimize immunotherapies directed against HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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15
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Exosomal pMHC-I complex targets T cell-based vaccine to directly stimulate CTL responses leading to antitumor immunity in transgenic FVBneuN and HLA-A2/HER2 mice and eradicating trastuzumab-resistant tumor in athymic nude mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:273-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Nguyen-Hoai T, Hohn O, Vu MD, Baldenhofer G, Sayed Ahmed MS, Dörken B, Norley S, Lipp M, Pezzutto A, Westermann J. CCL19 as an adjuvant for intradermal gene gun immunization in a Her2/neu mouse tumor model: improved vaccine efficacy and a role for B cells as APC. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:880-7. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Nguyen-Hoai T, Baldenhofer G, Ahmed MS, Pham-Duc M, Gries M, Lipp M, Dörken B, Pezzutto A, Westermann J. CCL19 (ELC) improves TH1-polarized immune responses and protective immunity in a murine Her2/neu DNA vaccination model. J Gene Med 2012; 14:128-37. [PMID: 22228591 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA vaccination is an attractive approach for tumor vaccination because plasmid DNA (pDNA) can be used as a 'general vaccine' across major histocompatibility complex barriers. Coexpression of immunomodulatory molecules can help to amplify the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. CCL19 (ELC) is a CC chemokine with immunoregulatory properties, binding to the chemokine receptor CCR7 that is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. In vivo, CCL19 is a key regulator for the interactions between DCs and T cells in regional lymph nodes. METHODS pDNA encoding Her2/neu and CCL19 was used as an intramuscular vaccine. Vaccination was performed in BALB/c mice, which were subsequently challenged with syngeneic Her2/neu(+) tumor cells. Groups of mice were immunized with pDNA(Her2/neu) plus pDNA(CCL19), pDNA(Her2/neu) plus pDNA(CCL19) plus pDNA(GM-CSF), pDNA(Her2/neu) plus pDNA(GM-CSF), pDNA(Her2/neu), pDNA(CCL19), pDNA(GM-CSF) or mock vector. Tumor protection by the vaccine and immune responses were monitored. RESULTS Coadministration of pDNA(Her2/neu) and pDNA(CCL19) led to substantial improvement of tumor protection by the vaccine and induced a TH1-polarized, Her2/neu-specific immune response. Forty-seven days after the tumor challenge, 58% of the mice coinjected with pDNA(Her2/neu) and pDNA(CCL19) remained tumor-free compared to 22% after vaccination with pDNA(Her2/neu) alone. Additional administration of pDNA(GM-CSF) led to further improvement of tumor protection and an amplification of Her2/neu-specific immune responses. CONCLUSIONS CCL19 is able to induce a TH-1 polarization of the anti-Her2/neu immune response, which can be further amplified by granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Clinical use of a pDNA(Her2/neu-CCL19 ± GM-CSF) vaccine might be promising in Her2/neu + breast cancer in the clinical situation of minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Nguyen-Hoai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Berlin-Buch and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Germany
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Nguyen-Hoai T, Baldenhofer G, Sayed Ahmed MS, Pham-Duc M, Vu MD, Lipp M, Dörken B, Pezzutto A, Westermann J. CCL21 (SLC) improves tumor protection by a DNA vaccine in a Her2/neu mouse tumor model. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 19:69-76. [PMID: 21997231 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC/CCL21) is a CC chemokine that is constitutively expressed in various lymphoid tissues and binds to chemokine receptor CCR7 on mature dendritic cells (DCs) and distinct T-and B-cell sub-populations. In vivo, CCL21 regulates the encounters between DC and T cells and thus is a key regulator of adaptive immune responses. We asked whether CCL21 is able to augment immunogenicity of a DNA-based vaccine against Her2/neu in a Balb/c mouse model with syngeneic Her2/neu+ tumor cells (D2F2/E2). Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with plasmid DNA (pDNA) on day 1 and boosted on day 15; tumor challenge was performed subcutaneously on day 25. Coexpression of CCL21 and Her-2/neu resulted in induction of a TH1-polarized immune response and substantial improvement of the protective effect of the DNA vaccine. Coexpression of tumor antigen pDNA(Her2/neu) with both pDNA(GM-CSF) and pDNA(CCL21) as adjuvants led to further improvement of protection by the vaccine (70% tumor-free mice on day 35 vs 40% with either adjuvant alone vs 5-10% with tumor antigen alone). Our results show that CCL21 is a potent adjuvant for DNA vaccination, particularly in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Clinical use of a pDNA(Her2/neu/CCL21/GM-CSF) vaccine might be particularly promising in minimal residual Her2/neu+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nguyen-Hoai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Berlin-Buch and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Fu Q, Wu Y, Yan F, Wang N, Wang W, Cao X, Wang Y, Wan T. Efficient induction of a Her2-specific anti-tumor response by dendritic cells pulsed with a Hsp70L1-Her2(341-456) fusion protein. Cell Mol Immunol 2011; 8:424-32. [PMID: 21785448 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs). HSPs act as potent adjuvants, inducing a Th1 response, as well as antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) via cross-presentation. Our previous work has demonstrated that Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), a new member of the Hsp70 subfamily, can act as a powerful Th1 adjuvant in a DC-based vaccine. Here we report the efficient induction of tumor antigen-specific T cell immune response by DCs pulsed with recombinant fusion protein of Hsp70L1 and Her2(341-456), the latter of which is a fragment of Her2/neu (Her2) containing E75 (a HLA-A2 restricted CTL epitope). The fusion protein Hsp70L1-Her2(341-456) promotes the maturation of DCs and activates them to produce cytokines, such as IL-12 and TNF-α, and chemokines, such as MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES. Taken together, these results indicate that the adjuvant activity of Hsp70L1 is maintained in the fusion protein. Her2-specific HLA-A2.1-restricted CD8(+) CTLs can be generated efficiently either from the Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy donors or from the splenocytes of immunized HLA-A2.1/K(b) transgenic mice by in vitro stimulation or immunization with DCs pulsed with the Hsp70L1-Her2(341-456) fusion protein. This results in more potent target cell killing in an antigen-specific and HLA-A2.1-restricted manner. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from transgenic mice immunized with Hsp70L1-Her2(341-456)-pulsed DCs can markedly inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival of nude mice with Her2(+)/HLA-A2.1(+) human carcinomas. These results suggest that Hsp70L1-Her2(341-456)-pulsed DCs could be a new therapeutic vaccine for patients with Her2(+) cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, China
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Haas M, Büttner M, Rau TT, Fietkau R, Grabenbauer GG, Distel LV. Inflammation in gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia: how do EBV infection, Her2 amplification and cancer progression influence tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes? Virchows Arch 2011; 458:403-11. [PMID: 21359545 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gastric adenocarcinoma show a strong compartmentalization with high numbers of lymphocytes in the stroma and low intraepithelial lymphocyte counts. Our previous study has shown stromal regulatory T cells (Treg) to be associated with a beneficial outcome in intestinal type cancer of the cardia. We undertook the present study to further evaluate the immunogenic and inflammatory environment in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia. We assessed CXCR3 expression, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, Her2/ERBB2 status and overexpression/amplification using tissue microarrays (immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization) of 52 patients. The data were correlated to different TIL subset counts (CD3, CD8, GranzymeB, FoxP3 and CD20) and to infiltrating histiocytes (CD68) both in the tumor and the surrounding stromal tissue that were reported earlier. Her2/ERBB2 overexpression/amplification showed no correlation to tumor stage. Moreover, for the first time, we show here that Her2/ERBB2 overexpression/amplification has no correlation to overall or subset-specific TIL infiltration. EBV infection was seen in four cases and showed a strong association with intratumoral CD8(+) T cell infiltration as well as a moderate correlation to stromal CD8(+) T cell accumulation. Intratumoral CD8(+) T cell infiltration was significantly correlated to intratumoral FoxP3(+) Treg infiltration, and to a lesser extent, to stromal FoxP3(+) Treg counts. Stromal CXCR3(+) T cell infiltration showed an inverse correlation to T category. This highlights the importance of stromal immune processes for cancer growth and suggests a subversion of Th1 immunoresponse in cancer progression and underlines the important role of inflammation for early carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Baxevanis CN, Voutsas IF, Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Papamichail M. HER-2/neu as a target for cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:213-26. [PMID: 20635929 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel modality toward the treatment of HER-2/neu-positive malignancies, mostly including breast and, more recently prostate carcinomas, has been the use of vaccines targeting HER-2/neu extracellular and intracellular domains. HER-2/neu-specific vaccines have been demonstrated to generate durable T-cell anti-HER-2/neu immunity when tested in Phase I and II clinical trials with no significant toxicity or autoimmunity directed against normal tissues. Targeting of HER-2/neu in active immunotherapy may involve peptide and DNA vaccines. Moreover, active anti-HER-2/neu immunization could facilitate the ex vivo expansion of HER-2/neu-specific T cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of established metastatic disease. In addition, early data from trials examining the potential use of HER-2/neu-based vaccines in the adjuvant setting to prevent the relapse of breast cancer in high-risk patients have shown promising results. Future approaches include multiepitope preventive vaccines and combinatorial treatments for generating the most efficient protective anti-tumor immunity.
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Park S, Jiang Z, Mortenson ED, Deng L, Radkevich-Brown O, Yang X, Sattar H, Wang Y, Brown NK, Greene M, Liu Y, Tang J, Wang S, Fu YX. The therapeutic effect of anti-HER2/neu antibody depends on both innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:160-70. [PMID: 20708157 PMCID: PMC2923645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HER2/neu antibody therapy is reported to mediate tumor regression by interrupting oncogenic signals and/or inducing FcR-mediated cytotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that the mechanisms of tumor regression by this therapy also require the adaptive immune response. Activation of innate immunity and T cells, initiated by antibody treatment, was necessary. Intriguingly, the addition of chemotherapeutic drugs, although capable of enhancing the reduction of tumor burden, could abrogate antibody-initiated immunity leading to decreased resistance to rechallenge or earlier relapse. Increased influx of both innate and adaptive immune cells into the tumor microenvironment by a selected immunotherapy further enhanced subsequent antibody-induced immunity, leading to increased tumor eradication and resistance to rechallenge. This study proposes a model and strategy for anti-HER2/neu antibody-mediated tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- SaeGwang Park
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of INJE, 633-165, Gaegum-Dong, Jin-Gu, Busan, 614-735, Korea
| | - Zhujun Jiang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric D. Mortenson
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Liufu Deng
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Olga Radkevich-Brown
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Husain Sattar
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas K. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Mark Greene
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 252 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jie Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Norell H, Poschke I, Charo J, Wei WZ, Erskine C, Piechocki MP, Knutson KL, Bergh J, Lidbrink E, Kiessling R. Vaccination with a plasmid DNA encoding HER-2/neu together with low doses of GM-CSF and IL-2 in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma: a pilot clinical trial. J Transl Med 2010; 8:53. [PMID: 20529245 PMCID: PMC2903523 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin) treatment of breast cancer patients significantly improves their clinical outcome. Vaccination is an attractive alternative approach to provide HER-2/neu (Her2)-specific antibodies and may in addition concomitantly stimulate Her2-reactive T-cells. Here we report the first administration of a Her2-plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine in humans. Patients and Methods The vaccine, encoding a full-length signaling-deficient version of the oncogene Her2, was administered together with low doses of GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with metastatic Her2-expressing breast carcinoma who were also treated with trastuzumab. Six of eight enrolled patients completed all three vaccine cycles. In the remaining two patients treatment was discontinued after one vaccine cycle due to rapid tumor progression or disease-related complications. The primary objective was the evaluation of safety and tolerability of the vaccine regimen. As a secondary objective, treatment-induced Her2-specific immunity was monitored by measuring antibody production as well as T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in response to Her2-derived antigens. Results No clinical manifestations of acute toxicity, autoimmunity or cardiotoxicity were observed after administration of Her2-pDNA in combination with GM-CSF, IL-2 and trastuzumab. No specific T-cell proliferation following in vitro stimulation of freshly isolated PBMC with recombinant human Her2 protein was induced by the vaccination. Immediately after all three cycles of vaccination no or even decreased CD4+ T-cell responses towards Her2-derived peptide epitopes were observed, but a significant increase of MHC class II restricted T-cell responses to Her2 was detected at long term follow-up. Since concurrent trastuzumab therapy was permitted, λ-subclass specific ELISAs were performed to specifically measure endogenous antibody production without interference by trastuzumab. Her2-pDNA vaccination induced and boosted Her2-specific antibodies that could be detected for several years after the last vaccine administration in a subgroup of patients. Conclusion This pilot clinical trial demonstrates that Her2-pDNA vaccination in conjunction with GM-CSF and IL-2 administration is safe, well tolerated and can induce long-lasting cellular and humoral immune responses against Her2 in patients with advanced breast cancer. Trial registration The trial registration number at the Swedish Medical Products Agency for this trial is Dnr151:785/2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Norell
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Lekka E, Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Tsavaris N, Missitzis I, Mamalaki A, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN. Identification and characterization of a HER-2/neu epitope as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:715-27. [PMID: 19904532 PMCID: PMC11030771 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to develop peptide vaccines that stimulate tumor antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses against frequently detected cancers. We describe herein a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope, encompassing amino acids 828-836 (residues QIAKGMSYL), which is naturally presented by various HER-2/neu (+) tumor cell lines. HER-2/neu(828-836), [HER-2(9(828))], possesses two anchor residues and stabilized HLA-A*0201 on T2 cells in a concentration-dependent Class I binding assay. This peptide was stable for 3.5 h in an off-kinetic assay. HER-2(9(828)) was found to be immunogenic in HLA-A*0201 transgenic (HHD) mice inducing peptide-specific and functionally potent CTL and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Most important, using HLA-A*0201 pentamer analysis we could detect increased ex vivo frequencies of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes specifically recognizing HER-2(9(828)) in 8 out of 20 HLA-A*0201(+) HER-2/neu (+) breast cancer patients. Moreover, HER-2(9(828))-specific human CTL recognized the tumor cell line SKOV3.A2 as well as the primary RS.A2.1.DR1 tumor cell line both expressing HER-2/neu and HLA-A*0201. Finally, therapeutic vaccination with HER-2(9(828)) in HHD mice was proven effective against established transplantable ALC.A2.1.HER tumors, inducing complete tumor regression in 50% of mice. Our data encourage further exploitation of HER-2(9(828)) as a promising candidate for peptide-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Lekka
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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25
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Jacob JB, Quaglino E, Radkevich-Brown O, Jones RF, Piechocki MP, Reyes JD, Weise A, Amici A, Wei WZ. Combining human and rat sequences in her-2 DNA vaccines blunts immune tolerance and drives antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2010; 70:119-28. [PMID: 20048073 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune tolerance to tumor-associated self-antigens poses a major challenge in the ability to mount an effective cancer vaccine response. To overcome immune tolerance to HER-2, we formulated DNA vaccines that express both human HER-2 and heterologous rat Neu sequences in separate plasmids or as single hybrid constructs that encode HER-2/Neu fusion proteins. Candidate vaccines were tested in Her-2 transgenic (Tg) mice of BALB/c (BALB), BALB/cxC57BL/6 F1 (F1), or C57BL/6 (B6) background, which exhibit decreasing immune responsiveness to HER-2. Analysis of various cocktails or hybrid vaccines defined a requirement for particular combination of HER/2/Neu sequences to effectively prime immune effector cells in HER-2 Tg mice. In B6 HER-2 Tg mice, rejection of HER-2-positive tumors protected mice from HER-2-negative tumors, providing evidence of epitope spreading. Our findings show that a strategy of combining heterologous antigen with self-antigens could produce a potent DNA vaccine that may be applicable to other tumor-associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Jacob
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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26
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Ryu WS, Son GS. Cancer Vaccines Targeting HER2/neu for Early Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2010.13.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sang Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Gil Soo Son
- Department of Surgery, Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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27
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HER-2/neu (657-665) represents an immunogenic epitope of HER-2/neu oncoprotein with potent antitumor properties. Vaccine 2009; 28:162-70. [PMID: 19799847 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The HER-2/neu oncoprotein is a promising cancer vaccine target. We describe herein a novel HLA-A2.1-restricted epitope, encompassing amino acids 657-665 (AVVGILLVV), which is naturally presented by human breast and ovarian cell lines. HER-2/neu(657-665), [HER-2(9(657))], binds with high affinity to HLA-A2.1 molecules as revealed by a prediction algorithm (SYFPEITHI) and in functional assays. This peptide was found to be immunogenic in HLA-A2.1 transgenic (HHD) mice inducing peptide-specific CTL, which responded with increased IFNgamma production, degranulation, and in vitro as well as in vivo cytotoxicity. Most important, HER-2(9(657)) functioned as a therapeutic vaccine by enabling HHD mice to reject established transplantable tumors. Cured mice resisted tumor growth when re-challenged with the same tumor, demonstrating the capacity of HER-2(9(657)) to generate tumor-specific memory immune response. Finally, this peptide was also found to be immunogenic in PBMCs from HLA-A2.1(+) patients with HER-2/neu(+) breast cancer. Our data encourage further exploitation of HER-2(9(657)) as a promising candidate for peptide-based cancer vaccines.
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28
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Vlahopoulos S, Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Cacoullos N, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN. Mannose addition by yeast Pichia Pastoris on recombinant HER-2 protein inhibits recognition by the monoclonal antibody herceptin. Vaccine 2009; 27:4704-8. [PMID: 19520203 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here the generation of a full-length, highly glycosylated HER-2 oncoprotein using yeast strain, Pichia Pastoris. Upon treatment of secreted HER-2 with alpha-mannosidase, reactivity with the monoclonal antibody Herceptin is significantly increased. This phenomenon is due to glycosylation via mannose of the full-length HER-2 protein that extends over the antigenic epitope, which is recognized by Herceptin. The extensive glycosylation of HER-2 in Pichia Pastoris significantly increases its recognition and uptake by dendritic cells, which could be associated with increased vaccine performance.
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29
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Tedeschi L, Lande C, Cecchettini A, Citti L. Hammerhead ribozymes in therapeutic target discovery and validation. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:776-83. [PMID: 19477286 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene function assessment is a main task in biological networking investigations and system biology. High throughput technologies provide an impressive body of data that enables the design of hypotheses linking genes to phenotypes. When a putative scenario is depicted, gene knockdown technologies and RNA-dependent gene silencing are the most frequent approaches to assess the role of key effectors. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of hammerhead ribozymes in target discovery and validation, describing their properties and applications and highlighting their selectivity. In particular, similarities with siRNAs are presented and advantages and drawbacks are discussed. A description of the perspectives of ribozyme application in wide range studies is also provided, strengthening the value of these inhibitors for target validation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tedeschi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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30
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Vertuani S, Triulzi C, Roos AK, Charo J, Norell H, Lemonnier F, Pisa P, Seliger B, Kiessling R. HER-2/neu mediated down-regulation of MHC class I antigen processing prevents CTL-mediated tumor recognition upon DNA vaccination in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:653-64. [PMID: 18820911 PMCID: PMC11030827 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To study DNA vaccination directed against human HER-2 in the HHD mouse Tg strain, we created a novel HER-2-expressing syngeneic tumor transplantation model. We found that a DNA vaccine encoding the full length HER-2 DNA protected HHD mice from HER-2(+) tumor challenge by a CTL independent mechanism. A more efficient approach to induce HLA-A2 restricted CTLs, through immunization with a multi-epitope DNA vaccine expressing the HLA-A2 restricted HER-2 369-377, 435-443 and 689-697 epitopes, resulted in high numbers of peptide specific T cells but failed to induce tumor protection. Subsequently we discovered that HER-2 transfected tumor cells down-regulated MHC class I antigen expression and exhibited a series of defects in the antigen processing pathway which impaired the capacity to produce and display MHC class I peptide-ligands to specific CTLs. Our data demonstrate that HER-2 transfection is associated with defects in the MHC class I presentation pathway, which may be the underlying mechanism behind the inability of CTLs to recognize tumors in this HLA-A2 transgenic model. As defective MHC class I presentation may be a common characteristic of HER-2 expressing tumors, vaccines targeting HER-2 should aim at inducing an integrated immune response where also CD4(+) T cells and antibodies are important components.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Base Sequence
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Genes, MHC Class I
- Genes, erbB-2
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/chemically induced
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vertuani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Cancer therapy using tumor-associated antigens to reduce side effects. Clin Exp Med 2009; 9:181-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-009-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Ramqvist T, Dalianis T. Immunotherapeutic polyoma and human papilloma virus-like particles. Immunotherapy 2009; 1:303-12. [DOI: 10.2217/1750743x.1.2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus and human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles (VLPs) can be obtained by producing their major capsid protein VP1 (for polyomavirus) or L1 (for HPV) free from other viral genes in, for example, a baculovirus insect system, yeast, Escherichia coli or similar systems. Polyomavirus and HPV VLPs can immunize healthy individuals, and in some cases T-cell-deficient hosts, against primary infection with the corresponding virus. Chimeric VLPs from polyomaviruses or HPVs containing fusion proteins between the VP1/L1 or VP2/VP3/L2 minor capsid proteins and selected antigens can also be produced. These VLPs can then induce B- or T-cell immune responses and be used as preventive or therapeutic vaccines against cancers induced by the corresponding virus, or a cancer bearing the selected tumor antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK R8:01, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK R8:01, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Radkevich-Brown O, Jacob J, Kershaw M, Wei WZ. Genetic regulation of the response to Her-2 DNA vaccination in human Her-2 transgenic mice. Cancer Res 2009; 69:212-8. [PMID: 19118005 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic regulation of immune reactivity to Her-2 vaccination and the consequent antitumor effect was tested in human Her-2 transgenic (Tg) mice of C57BL/6 (B6), BALB/c (BALB), and (B6x BALB) F1 (F1) background. Mice were electrovaccinated with Her-2 DNA with or without pretreatment with CD25 monoclonal antibody to remove CD25(hi) regulatory T cells. When CD25(+) T cells were intact, BALB Her-2 Tg mice were more responsive than the other two strains in both humoral and cellular immunities, and their tumor growth was significantly delayed. B6 Her-2 Tg mice responded poorly and F1 mice showed modest immune reactivity, but tumor growth did not change in either strain. Depletion of CD25(hi) T cells before vaccination significantly improved protection from tumor challenge in F1 Her-2 Tg mice. This was associated with elevated levels of Her-2 IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2c antibodies, and some mice also showed IFN-gamma producing T-cell response. The same treatment induced modest improvement in B6 Her-2 Tg mice. In BALB Her-2 Tg mice, however, depletion of CD25(hi) T cells did not further improve antitumor efficacy. Although their Her-2-specific IgG1 and interleukin-5-secreting T cells increased, the levels of IgG2a and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells did not change. These results are the first to show genetic regulation of the response to a cancer vaccine and an unequal effect of removing CD25(hi) T cells on antitumor immunity. These results warrant individualized treatment plans for patients with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds and possibly differential intrinsic immune reactivity to tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Radkevich-Brown
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 110 E. Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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34
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Whittington PJ, Piechocki MP, Heng HH, Jacob JB, Jones RF, Back JB, Wei WZ. DNA vaccination controls Her-2+ tumors that are refractory to targeted therapies. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7502-11. [PMID: 18794138 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Her-2/neu(+) tumor cells refractory to antibody or receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are emerging in treated patients. To investigate if drug resistant tumors can be controlled by active vaccination, gefitinib and antibody sensitivity of four neu(+) BALB/c mouse mammary tumor lines were compared. Significant differences in cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation were observed. Treatment-induced drug resistance was associated with increased chromosomal aberrations as shown by spectral karyotyping analysis, suggesting changes beyond neu signaling pathways. When mice were immunized with pneuTM encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of neu, antibody and T-cell responses were induced, and both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells were rejected. In T-cell-depleted mice, drug-sensitive tumors were still rejected by vaccination, but drug-refractory tumors survived in some mice, indicating their resistance to anti-neu antibodies. To further test if T cells alone can mediate tumor rejection, mice were immunized with pcytneu encoding full-length cytoplasmic neu that is rapidly degraded by the proteasome to activate CD8 T cells without inducing antibody response. All test tumors were rejected in pcytneu-immunized mice, regardless of their sensitivity to gefitinib or antibody. Therefore, cytotoxic T lymphocytes activated by the complete repertoire of neu epitopes were effective against all test tumors. These results warrant Her-2 vaccination whether tumor cells are sensitive or resistant to Her-2-targeted drugs or antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Whittington
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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35
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Her-2 DNA versus cell vaccine: immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 58:759-67. [PMID: 18836716 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct comparison and ranking of vaccine formulations in pre-clinical studies will expedite the identification of cancer vaccines for clinical trials. Two human ErbB-2 (Her-2) vaccines, naked DNA and whole cell vaccine, were tested side-by-side in wild type and Her-2 transgenic mice. Both vaccines can induce humoral and cellular immunity to the entire repertoire of Her-2 epitopes. Mice were electro-vaccinated i.m. with a mixture of pGM-CSF and pE2TM, the latter encodes Her-2 extracellular and transmembrane domains. Alternatively, mice were injected i.p. with human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells that have amplified Her-2. In wild type mice, comparable levels of Her-2 antibodies (Ab) were induced by these two vaccines. However, T cell immunity and protection against Her-2(+) tumors were superior in DNA vaccinated mice. In BALB Her-2 transgenic (Tg) mice, which were tolerant to Her-2, DNA and cell vaccines were administered after regulatory T cells (Treg) were removed by anti-CD25 mAb. Again, comparable levels of Her-2 Ab were induced, but DNA vaccines rendered greater anti-tumor activity. In B6xDR3 Her-2 Tg mice that expressed the autoimmune prone HLA-DR3 allele, higher levels of Her-2 Ab were induced by SKOV3 cell than by Her-2 DNA. But anti-tumor activity was still more profound in DNA vaccinated mice. Therefore, Her-2 DNA vaccine induced greater anti-tumor immunity than cell vaccine, whether mice were tolerant to Her-2 or susceptible to autoimmunity. Through such side-by-side comparisons in appropriate pre-clinical test systems, the more effective vaccine formulations will emerge as candidates for clinical trials.
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36
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Caorsi C, Cappello P, Ceruti P, Amici A, Marchini C, Novelli F, Forni G, Giovarelli M. CCL16 Enhances the CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Reactivity to Human Her-2 Elicited by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Rat Ortholog Her-2. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:867-77. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells from HLA A2+ healthy donors were co-cultured with autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with apoptotic tumor cells expressing rat neu, and were induced to mature by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β (mDC neu) or by the CCL16 chemokine (CCL16/mDC neu). Priming by CCL16/mDC neu induces a larger population of T cells that express cytoplasmatic interferon (IFN)γ, TNFα, perforin and granzyme B compared to those primed by mDC neu. T cells primed by CCL16/mDC neu release IFNγ in response to human HER-2+ cells and kill human HER-2+ target cells more efficiently than those primed by mDC neu. Our results show that both the loading of DC with xenogeneic rat neu and their maturation by CCL16 are two issues of critical importance for the elicitation of an effective response to human HER-2 in T cells from normal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Caorsi
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - P. Cappello
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - P. Ceruti
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - A. Amici
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - C. Marchini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - F. Novelli
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
| | - G. Forni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - M. Giovarelli
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Turin
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin
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37
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Gritzapis AD, Voutsas IF, Lekka E, Tsavaris N, Missitzis I, Sotiropoulou P, Perez S, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN. Identification of a Novel Immunogenic HLA-A*0201-Binding Epitope of HER-2/neu with Potent Antitumor Properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:146-54. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Wei WZ, Jacob J, Radkevich-Brown O, Whittington P, Kong YCM. The "A, B and C" of Her-2 DNA vaccine development. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1711-7. [PMID: 18273615 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of Her-2 DNA vaccine has progressed through three phases that can be categorized as phase "A": the pursuit of Her-2 as a tumor-associated "antigen", phase "B": tilting the "balance" between tumor immunity and autoimmunity and phase "C": the on-going "clinical trials". MATERIALS AND METHODS In phase "A", a panel of human ErbB-2 or Her-2 plasmids were constructed to encode non-transforming Her-2 derivatives. The immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity of Her-2 DNA vaccines were tested in human Her-2 transgenic mice with or without the depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, Treg depletion or other immune modulating regimens may increase the risk of autoimmunity. In phase "B", the balance between tumor immunity and autoimmunity was assessed by monitoring the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). To test the efficacy of Her-2 DNA vaccines in cancer patients, clinical trials have been initiated in phase "C". RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant anti-Her-2 and anti-tumor activity was observed when Her-2 transgenic mice were electro-vaccinated after Treg depletion. Susceptibility to EAT was also enhanced by Treg depletion and there was mutual amplification between Her-2 immunity and EAT development. Although Tregs regulate both EAT and Her-2 immunity, their effector mechanisms may differ. It may be possible to amplify tumor immunity with improved strategies that can by-pass undue autoimmunity. Critical information will be revealed in the next decade to expedite the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zen Wei
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, 110 E. Warren Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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39
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Tegerstedt K, Franzén A, Ramqvist T, Dalianis T. Dendritic cells loaded with polyomavirus VP1/VP2Her2 virus-like particles efficiently prevent outgrowth of a Her2/neu expressing tumor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1335-44. [PMID: 17268793 PMCID: PMC11031012 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One immunization with murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VP1 virus-like particles containing a fusion protein between MPyV VP2 and the extra cellular and transmembrane domain of Her2 (Her2(1-683)PyVLPs) efficiently protects BALB/c mice from outgrowth of the Her2 expressing tumor D2F2/E2. To possibly enhance the anti-Her2 immune response and abrogate the induced anti-VLP antibody response, immunization with murine dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with Her2(1-683)PyVLPs was performed. Mice were immunized once or more with 5 or 50 microg Her2(1-683)PyVLPs alone or loaded on DCs, and challenged 14 days after the last immunization with a lethal dose of Her2-positive D2F2/E2 cells. Mice were protected from tumor outgrowth, when immunized only once with 5 or 50 mug Her2(1-683)PyVLPs loaded on DCs, or 50 mug of Her2(1-683)PyVLPs alone, whereas immunization once or more with 5 mug of Her2(1-683)PyVLPs alone only protected half of the mice. Immunization with recombinant Her2 protein alone, or loaded on DCs, did not induce tumor immunity. Using both immunization strategies, Her2-specific T cell immunity was demonstrated, while Her2-specific antibodies were not detected. Loading VLPs on DCs reduced anti-VLP antibodies sixfold, but did not influence the efficiency of subsequent immunizations. Notably, DC maturation by Her2(1-683)PyVLPs in vitro was not demonstrated although the IL-12 production was significantly increased. In conclusion, loading of VLPs on DCs can enhance specific VLP immunization considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tegerstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Ramqvist T, Andreasson K, Dalianis T. Vaccination, immune and gene therapy based on virus-like particles against viral infections and cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:997-1007. [PMID: 17665989 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.7.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembling, non-replicating particles lacking the viral genome that are formed by one or several viral structural proteins. VLPs can be purified after expression in yeast cells, insect cells using baculoviruses, Escherichia coli or mammalian cells. Recently, vaccines based on VLPs have come into focus with the FDA approval of a VLP-based vaccine against human papilloma viruses. However, this application of VLPs is just one of many developments within the VLP field. Other potential applications under development besides vaccines against viruses or cancers also include gene delivery and treatment of different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Allen SD, Garrett JT, Rawale SV, Jones AL, Phillips G, Forni G, Morris JC, Oshima RG, Kaumaya PTP. Peptide vaccines of the HER-2/neu dimerization loop are effective in inhibiting mammary tumor growth in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:472-82. [PMID: 17579068 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu (ErbB2), a member of the epidermal growth factor family of receptors, is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers. It is an attractive target for receptor-directed antitumor therapy using mAbs. Unlike other epidermal growth factor receptor family members, HER-2/neu does not bind a high-affinity ligand, but rather functions as the preferred dimerization partner. Pertuzumab (Omnitarg) is a humanized mAb directed against the HER-2/neu dimerization domain that inhibits receptor signaling. The recent definition of the crystal structure of the HER-2/neu-pertuzumab complex demonstrated that the receptor dimerization region encompassed residues 266-333. Based on the three-dimensional structure of the complex, we have designed three conformational peptide constructs (sequences 266-296, 298-333, and 315-333) to mimic regions of the dimerization loop of the receptor and to characterize their in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. All the constructs elicited high-affinity peptide Abs that inhibited multiple signaling pathways including HER-2/neu-specific inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytoplasmic receptor domain phosphorylation. All the peptide Abs showed Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to varying degrees with the 266-296 constructs being equally effective as compared with Herceptin. The 266-296 peptide vaccine had statistically reduced tumor onset in both transplantable tumor models (FVB/n and BALB/c) and significant reduction in tumor development in two transgenic mouse tumor models (BALB-neuT and VEGF(+/-)Neu2-5(+/-)). The 266-296 construct represents the most promising candidate for antitumor vaccination and could also be used to treat a variety of cancers with either normal or elevated expression of HER-2 including breast, lung, ovarian, and prostate.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cross Reactions/genetics
- Dimerization
- Female
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Measles virus/genetics
- Measles virus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/administration & dosage
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemical synthesis
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/metabolism
- Viral Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Allen
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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42
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Ramqvist T, Andreasson K, Dalianis T. Murine polyomavirus virus-like particles as vectors for gene and immune therapy and as vaccines. Future Virol 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.2.3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) can be produced free from viral genes and used as vectors for gene and immune therapy and as vaccines. For large-scale VLP manufacture, the major viral capsid protein (VP)1, is produced in a baculovirus insect cell system, Escherichia coli or yeast, and will self-assemble into VLPs under appropriate conditions. Murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLP vaccination prevents primary MPyV infection and outgrowth of some MPyV-tumors in mice. Furthermore, MPyV-VLPs bind and introduce eukaryotic DNA into various cells in vitro and in vivo, while MPyV-VLPs containing fusion proteins between capsid proteins VP1, -2 or -3 and selected antigens can be used as vaccines. Similar findings apply to other polyomavirus VLPs. In summary, polyomavirus VLPs are useful vectors for immune and gene therapy and as vaccines, and different polyomavirus VLPs can be used for prime-boost therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:01 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kalle Andreasson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:01 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:01 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Vertuani S, Dubrovska E, Levitsky V, Jager MJ, Kiessling R, Levitskaya J. Retinoic acid elicits cytostatic, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects on uveal melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:193-204. [PMID: 16752155 PMCID: PMC11030064 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current therapy of uveal melanoma (UM) metastases remains inefficient, which warrants the development of new treatment modalities. For the first time we investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on a panel of UM cell lines and found that RA induces morphological changes compatible with differentiation, suppresses proliferation and causes apoptosis in these cells. RA treatment resulted in an increase of p21, p27 and p53 protein levels and G1 arrest in UM cells, which correlated with significant down-modulation of surface Her2/neu proto-oncogene expression. In addition, RA-treated UM cells exhibited increased sensitivity to both MHC class I-restricted killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cell-mediated lysis that were accompanied by more efficient conjugate formation between UM cells and killer lymphocytes. Taken together, our results implicate UM as a new target for treatment with retinoids and suggest that retinoids and T- or NK-cell based immunotherapy can have mutually enhancing effects in UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vertuani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Dubrovska
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Levitsky
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelena Levitskaya
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Immune and Gene Therapy Unit, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, KS-ringen, R8:01, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Li W, Tian SL, Li J. Expression of ontogene C-erbB-2 and its correlations with invasion and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:3206-3211. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i33.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of oncogene C-erbB-2 and its significance in colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique (SP) was performed to detect the expression of oncogene C-erbB-2 in 69 cases of colorectal carcinoma and its corresponding tissues from patients received curative resection.
RESULTS: The expression of C-erbB-2 was mainly found in cell membrane and cytoplasm of colorectal carcinoma tissues with a positive rate of 65.2% (45/69), which was significantly higher than that in the tissues of benign tumor (2/20, P < 0.05). The positive rate of C-erbB-2 expression had significant difference between colorectal cancer (65.2%) and its surrounding tissues (mesenteric: 47.8%, normal cancer-adjacent: 30.4%, distant resection margin: 13.0%; all P < 0.05). The expression of C-erbB-2 was significantly correlated with the gross morphology, differentiation of the tumor cells, clinical staging (Dukes staging) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but not with the age, sex of patients, tumor location and size, as well as distant metastasis (P > 0.05). The expression of oncogene C-erbB-2 in the mesenteric margin and cancer-adjacent tissues was markedly different between routine histology and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The expression of C-erbB-2 gene is positively correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma, and it is a marker in evaluating the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.
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45
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Belimezi MM, Papanastassiou D, Merkouri E, Baxevanis CN, Mamalaki A. Growth inhibition of breast cancer cell lines overexpressing Her2/neu by a novel internalized fully human Fab antibody fragment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1091-9. [PMID: 16311733 PMCID: PMC11030719 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Her2/neu oncogene is overexpressed in various human cancers of epithelial origin and is associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Blocking the Her2/neu signalling has been the focus of most therapeutic approaches. In this paper, the Her2/neu extracellular domain expressed in soluble form in yeast Pichia pastoris was used in order to isolate a fully human Fab fragment from a combinatorial Fab phage display library, derived from invaded lymph nodes of a breast cancer patient. The isolated fully human Fab63 binds specifically the native Her2/neu receptor and competes with Herceptin for binding to soluble Her2/neu receptor. In Her2/neu overexpressing cancer cells, Fab63 is rapidly internalized and has significant antiproliferative effects, where ligand-independent mechanisms dominate signal induction. Moreover, in the presence of the ligand heregulin, growth inhibition was also detected by Fab63. The human Fab63 is a non-immunogenic agent with unique properties that can be applied in diagnosis and cancer therapy, with great potential for further manipulation towards the generation of an effective anticancer molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/isolation & purification
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Peptide Library
- Pichia/chemistry
- Pichia/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Trastuzumab
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Belimezi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Papanastassiou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Efrossini Merkouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Avgi Mamalaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521 Athens, Greece
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46
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Jacob J, Radkevich O, Forni G, Zielinski J, Shim D, Jones RF, Wei WZ. Activity of DNA vaccines encoding self or heterologous Her-2/neu in Her-2 or neu transgenic mice. Cell Immunol 2006; 240:96-106. [PMID: 16930573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of self versus heterologous ErbB-2 vaccines, the reactivity to human and rat ErbB-2 (Her-2 and neu, respectively) DNA vaccines were tested in normal, Her-2 or neu transgenic mice. When immunized with either Her-2 or neu DNA, normal BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice produced cross-reactive T cells, but only antigen specific antibodies. In Her-2 Tg mice, weak to no anti-Her-2 response was induced by either self Her-2 or heterologous neu DNA, demonstrating profound tolerance to Her-2 and the inability to induce anti-Her-2 immunity with either vaccine. In NeuT mice, vaccination with self neu but not heterologous Her-2 DNA induced anti-neu antibodies and delayed spontaneous tumorigenesis. Both neu and Her-2 DNA induced anti-neu T cell response, but depletion of CD8 T cells did not change the delay in tumorigenesis. Therefore, in NeuT mice, both self and heterologous DNA activated anti-neu T cells, although T cell response did not reach sufficient level to suppress spontaneous tumorigenesis. Rather, induction of anti-neu antibodies by self neu DNA is associated with the delay in spontaneous tumor growth. Overall, NeuT mice were more responsive to DNA vaccination than Her-2 Tg mice and this may be associated with the continuous production of neu by the 10 mammary glands undergoing tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jacob
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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47
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Gritzapis AD, Mahaira LG, Perez SA, Cacoullos NT, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN. Vaccination with Human HER-2/neu (435-443) CTL Peptide Induces Effective Antitumor Immunity against HER-2/neu-Expressing Tumor Cells In vivo. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5452-60. [PMID: 16707474 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HER-2/neu is a self-antigen expressed by tumors and nonmalignant epithelial tissues. The possibility of self-tolerance to HER-2/neu-derived epitopes has raised questions concerning their utility in antitumor immunotherapy. Altered HER-2/neu peptide ligands capable of eliciting enhanced immunity to tumor-associated HER-2/neu epitopes may circumvent this problem. The human CTL peptide HER-2/neu (435-443) [hHER-2(9(435))] represents a xenogeneic altered peptide ligand of its mouse homologue, differing by one amino acid residue at position 4. In contrast to mHER-2(9(435)), vaccination of HLA-A*0201 transgenic (HHD) mice with hHER-2(9(435)) significantly increased the frequency of mHER-2(9(435))-specific CTL and also induced strong protective and therapeutic immunity against the transplantable ALC tumor cell line transfected to coexpress HLA-A*0201 and hHER-2/neu or rHER-2/neu. Similar results were also obtained with wild-type C57BL/6 mice inoculated with HER-2/neu transfectants of ALC. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) CTL from mice immunized with hHER-2(9(435)) efficiently protected naive syngeneic mice inoculated with ALC tumors. In conclusion, our results show that HER-2(9(435)) serves as a tumor rejection molecule. They also propose a novel approach for generating enhanced immunity against a self-HER-2/neu CTL epitope by vaccinating with xenogeneic altered peptide ligands and provide useful insights for the design of improved peptide-based vaccines for the treatment of patients with HER-2/neu-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos D Gritzapis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, St. Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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48
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Baxevanis CN, Sotiriadou NN, Gritzapis AD, Sotiropoulou PA, Perez SA, Cacoullos NT, Papamichail M. Immunogenic HER-2/neu peptides as tumor vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:85-95. [PMID: 15948002 PMCID: PMC11030617 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, a large number of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been identified, which can be recognized by T cells. This has led to renewed interest in the use of active immunization as a modality for the treatment of cancer. HER-2/neu is a 185-KDa receptor-like glycoprotein that is overexpressed by a variety of tumors including breast, ovarian, lung, prostate and colorectal carcinomata. Several immunogenic HER-2/neu peptides recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or helper T lymphocytes (TH) have been identified thus far. Patients with HER-2/neu over-expressing cancers exhibit increased frequencies of peripheral blood T cells recognizing immunogenic HER-2/neu peptides. Various protocols for generating T cell-mediated immune responses specific for HER-2/neu peptides have been examined in pre-clinical models or in clinical trials. Vaccination studies in animals utilizing HER-2/neu peptides have been successful in eliminating tumor growth. In humans, however, although immunological responses have been detected against the peptides used for vaccination, no clinical responses have been described. Because HER-2/neu is a self-antigen, functional immune responses against it may be limited through tolerance mechanisms. Therefore, it would be interesting to determine whether abrogation of tolerance to HER-2/neu using appropriate adjuvants and/or peptide analogs may lead to the development of immune responses to HER-2/neu epitopes that can be of relevance to cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine preparations containing mixtures of HER-2/neu peptides and peptide from other tumor-related antigens might also enhance efficacy of therapeutic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin N Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, St. Savas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Ave, 11522, Athens, Greece.
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49
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Egloff AM, Vella LA, Finn OJ. Cyclin B1 and other cyclins as tumor antigens in immunosurveillance and immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6-9. [PMID: 16397206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell division is an indispensable event in tumor progression, and numerous molecules involved in this process have been the focus of intense investigation in tumor biology. Cyclins, molecules that orchestrate normal cell cycle progression, are abnormally overexpressed in various human cancers. We review evidence that the immune system recognizes some abnormally expressed cyclins as tumor antigens, such as cyclin B1, and we analyze the potential of cyclins D, E, and A to serve a similar function in cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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50
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Tegerstedt K, Lindencrona JA, Curcio C, Andreasson K, Tullus C, Forni G, Dalianis T, Kiessling R, Ramqvist T. A single vaccination with polyomavirus VP1/VP2Her2 virus-like particles prevents outgrowth of HER-2/neu-expressing tumors. Cancer Res 2005; 65:5953-7. [PMID: 15994974 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VP1 virus-like particles (VLPs), containing a fusion protein between MPyV VP2 and the extracellular and transmembrane domain of HER-2/neu (Her2), Her2(1-683)PyVLPs, were tested for their ability to vaccinate against Her2-expressing tumors in two different in vivo models. Protection was assessed both against a lethal challenge with a BALB/c mammary carcinoma transfected with human Her2 (D2F2/E2) and against the outgrowth of autochthonous mammary carcinomas in BALB-neuT mice, transgenic for the activated rat Her2 oncogene. A single injection of Her2(1-683)PyVLPs before tumor inoculation induced a complete rejection of D2F2/E2 tumor cells in BALB/c mice. Similarly, a single injection of Her2(1-683)PyVLPs at 6 weeks of age protected BALB-neuT mice with atypical hyperplasia from a later outgrowth of mammary carcinomas, whereas all controls developed palpable tumors in all mammary glands. VLPs containing only VP1 and VP2 did not induce protection. The protection elicited by Her2(1-683)PyVLPs vaccination was most likely due to a cellular immune response because a Her2-specific response was shown in an ELISPOT assay, whereas antibodies against Her2 were not detected in any of the two models. The results show the feasibility of using MPyV-VLPs carrying Her2 fusion proteins as safe and efficient vaccines against Her2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tegerstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden
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