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Attenuation of neutrophil-mediated liver injury in mice by drug-free E-selectin binding polymer. J Control Release 2019; 319:475-486. [PMID: 31838202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation with neutrophils infiltration is a prominent feature of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) and contributes to the severity of liver injury. Although an array of potential treatments has been studied, the standard treatment regimen is controversial and can induce severe side effects and infection-related complications. E-selectin, a cytokine inducible cell adhesion molecule, mediates the initial interaction of leucocytes with endothelial cells, and facilitates their further adhesion and extravasation into inflamed tissues. Given the important role of E-selectin in leukocytes trafficking, we hypothesized that a synthetic polymer presenting multiple copies of E-selectin binding peptide in a polyvalent manner (P-Esbp) may block the "roads" that facilitate neutrophil infiltration, inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils to the inflamed sites and reduce the extent of liver injury. We now demonstrate in vitro that P-Esbp reduced the recruitment of neutrophils (collected from blood of donors) on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under flow conditions. Pre-treatment of mice with P-Esbp prior to alcohol binge attenuated alcohol-induced serum transaminase (ALT, AST) elevation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1ẞ) and chemokines (MIP-2/CXCL2 and MCP-1/CCL2) in National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) model. Also, the up-regulation of neutrophil marker Ly6G and the number of MPO positive cells in the injured tissue was significantly reduced by the treatment, indicating diminished neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, as a result of P-Esbp treatment, E-selectin expression in the liver (mRNA and protein level) was downregulated, suggesting a potential to decrease ongoing local inflammatory response. Overall, our findings highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of the "drug-free" P-Esbp and its therapeutic potential to attenuate an excessive inflammation where infiltrating neutrophils can damage tissues and organs.
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Moog KE, Barz M, Bartneck M, Beceren‐Braun F, Mohr N, Wu Z, Braun L, Dernedde J, Liehn EA, Tacke F, Lammers T, Kunz H, Zentel R. Polymere Selectinliganden als komplexe Glykomimetika: von Selectinbindung bis zur Modifizierung der Makrophagenmigration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai E. Moog
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | | | - Figen Beceren‐Braun
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung (IMCAR) Uniklinikum Aachen Deutschland
| | - Lydia Braun
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung (IMCAR) Uniklinikum Aachen Deutschland
| | - Frank Tacke
- Medizinische Klinik III Uniklinikum Aachen Deutschland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institut für Experimentelle Molekulare Bildgebung (ExMI) Uniklinikum Aachen Deutschland
| | - Horst Kunz
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Moog KE, Barz M, Bartneck M, Beceren‐Braun F, Mohr N, Wu Z, Braun L, Dernedde J, Liehn EA, Tacke F, Lammers T, Kunz H, Zentel R. Polymeric Selectin Ligands Mimicking Complex Carbohydrates: From Selectin Binders to Modifiers of Macrophage Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1416-1421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai E. Moog
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | - Figen Beceren‐Braun
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung (IMCAR) Uniklinikum Aachen Germany
| | - Lydia Braun
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung (IMCAR) Uniklinikum Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Medizinische Klinik III Uniklinikum Aachen Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institut für Experimentelle Molekulare Bildgebung (ExMI) Uniklinikum Aachen Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Xue M, Liu XW, Li Y, Chen X, Wang PG, Wang F, Cao H. Sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) synthesis of lacto-N-neotetraose and its sialyl and fucosyl derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7689-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) approach for the synthesis of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and its derivatives at preparative scale was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Mengyang Xue
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Xian-wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- One Shields Avenue
- Davis
- USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- One Shields Avenue
- Davis
- USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- China
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Arumugam N, Abdul Rahim AS, Abd Hamid S, Osman H. Straightforward synthesis of novel 1-(2'-α-O-D-glucopyranosyl ethyl) 2-arylbenzimidazoles. Molecules 2012; 17:9887-99. [PMID: 22902883 PMCID: PMC6268058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-(2'-α-O-D-glucopyranosyl ethyl) 2-arylbenzimidazoles has been prepared via one-pot glycosylation of ethyl-1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2-arylbenzimidazole-5-carboxylate derivatives. Synthesis of the 2-arylbenzimidazole aglycones from 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid was accomplished in four high-yielding steps. The reduction and cyclocondensation steps for the aglycone synthesis proceeded efficiently under microwave irradiation to afford the appropriate benzimidazoles in excellent yields within 2-3 min. Glycosylation of the hydroxyethyl aglycones with the perbenzylated 1-hydroxy- glucopyranose, pretreated with the Appel-Lee reagent, followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis delivered the desired 1-(2'-α-O-D-glucopyranosyl ethyl) 2-aryl-benzimidazoles in a simple and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Arumugam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aisyah Saad Abdul Rahim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shafida Abd Hamid
- Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Osman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Barz M, Luxenhofer R, Zentel R, Vicent MJ. Overcoming the PEG-addiction: well-defined alternatives to PEG, from structure–property relationships to better defined therapeutics. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Roy RK, Saha S. Studies of regioselectivity of large molecular systems using DFT based reactivity descriptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b811052m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roos G, Geerlings P, Messens J. Enzymatic catalysis: the emerging role of conceptual density functional theory. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13465-75. [PMID: 19754087 DOI: 10.1021/jp9034584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimentalists and quantum chemists are living in a different world. A wealth of theoretical enzymology-related publications is hardly known by experimentalists, and vice versa. Our aim is to bring both worlds together and to show the powerful possibilities of a multidisciplinary approach to study subtle details of complicated enzymatic processes to a broad readership. MD simulations and QM/MM approaches often focus on the calculation of reaction paths based on activation energies, which is a time-consuming task. A valuable alternative is the reactivity descriptors founded in conceptual DFT like softness, electrophilicity, and the Fukui function, which describe the kinetic aspects of a reaction in terms of the response to perturbations in N and/or upsilon(r), typical for a chemical reaction, of the reagents in the ground state. As such, the relative energies at the beginning of the reaction predict a sequence of activation energies only based on the properties of the reactants (Figure 5 ). In 2003, Geerlings et al. published a key review giving a detailed description of the principles and concepts of conceptual DFT and highlighting its success to study generalized acid/base reactions including addition, substitution, and elimination reactions. Since the time that this review appeared, conceptual DFT has proven its strength in literally hundreds of papers with application to organic and inorganic reactions. Its role in unravelling enzymatic reaction mechanisms, in handling experimentally difficult accessible biochemical problems, and in the interpretation of biochemical experimental observations is emerging and very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goedele Roos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Baumann K, Kowalczyk D, Gutjahr T, Pieczyk M, Jones C, Wild M, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Sulfatierte und nicht sulfatierte Glycopeptid-Erkennungsdomänen des P-Selektin-Glycoprotein-Liganden 1 und ihre Bindung an P- und E-Selektin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Baumann K, Kowalczyk D, Gutjahr T, Pieczyk M, Jones C, Wild M, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Sulfated and Non-Sulfated Glycopeptide Recognition Domains of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 and their Binding to P- and E-Selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3174-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cao H, Huang S, Cheng J, Li Y, Muthana S, Son B, Chen X. Chemical preparation of sialyl Lewis x using an enzymatically synthesized sialoside building block. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2863-9. [PMID: 18639240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The sialyl Lewis x tetrasaccharide with a propylamine aglycon was assembled by chemoselective glycosylation from a p-tolyl thioglycosyl donor obtained from an enzymatically synthesized sialodisaccharide. Combining the advantages of highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of sialoside building blocks, and diverse chemical glycosylation, this chemoenzymatic approach is practical for obtaining complex sialosides and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Moreno-Vargas AJ, Molina L, Carmona AT, Ferrali A, Lambelet M, Spertini O, Robina I. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ofS-Neofucopeptides as E- and P-Selectin Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Baumann K, Kowalczyk D, Kunz H. Totalsynthese der Glycopeptid-Erkennungsregion des P-Selektin- Glycoprotein-Liganden 1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Baumann K, Kowalczyk D, Kunz H. Total Synthesis of the Glycopeptide Recognition Domain of the P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3445-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Herzner H, Kunz H. (p-Sulfomethyl)phenylalanine as a mimic of O-sulfatyl-tyrosine in synthetic partial sequences of P-Selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Filser C, Kowalczyk D, Jones C, Wild MK, Ipe U, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Synthetic glycopeptides from the E-selectin ligand 1 with varied sialyl Lewis(x) structure as cell-adhesion inhibitors of E-selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2108-11. [PMID: 17295374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Filser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Filser C, Kowalczyk D, Jones C, Wild M, Ipe U, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Vom E-Selektin-Liganden 1 abgeleitete Glycopeptide mit variierter Sialyl-Lewisx-Struktur als Zelladhäsionsinhibitoren für E-Selektin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Herzner H, Kunz H. Spacer-separated sialyl LewisX cyclopeptide conjugates as potential E-selectin ligands. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:541-57. [PMID: 17027941 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Completely protected sialyl LewisX azide was synthesized from a neolactosamine azide precursor carrying a 3-O-allyloxycarbonyl group as the temporary protecting group. After its Pd(0)-catalyzed deprotection and stereoselective alpha-fucosylation, the obtained LewisX azide was subjected to O-deacetylation in the galactose unit and subsequent regio- and stereoselective sialylation. Reduction of the anomeric azido group afforded the sialyl LewisX amine building block. Two molecules of this tetrasaccharide ligand were conjugated to a preformed cyclooctapeptide containing two equidistant l-asparagine units equipped with carboxy-terminated tetraethyleneglycol side chains to give, after deprotection, the target glycopeptide conjugate. Preliminary biological evaluation of the synthesized bivalent sialyl LewisX cyclopeptide conjugate showed only slightly enhanced inhibition of E-selectin binding in spite of the given flexibility of the two linked saccharide determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Herzner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Malleron A, Hersant Y, Le Narvor C. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the 3-sulfated Lewisa pentasaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:29-34. [PMID: 16274756 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated pentasaccharide benzyl O-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-O-[(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)]-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside sodium salt was synthesized using a chemo-enzymatic approach. Lacto-N-tetraose, obtained from two disaccharides [4-methoxybenzyl O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phtalimido-beta-D-glucopyranoside and benzyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside], was regioselectively sulfated at the 3 OH position of the terminal galactose using the stannylene procedure. The fucosylation of the sulfated tetrasaccharide was performed using soluble or immobilized fucosyltransferase FucT-III to give the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Malleron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Multifonctionnelle, UMR 8614, GDR 2590, Bât. 420, Université de Paris Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Boulineau FP, Wei A. Mirror-image carbohydrates: synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of a blood group trisaccharide. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3391-9. [PMID: 15132547 PMCID: PMC1820887 DOI: 10.1021/jo035789l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl D-glucoside and d-glucose pentaacetate are transformed, respectively, into methyl alpha-O-glucuronide 3 and hydroxymethyl beta-C-glucuronide 9, which undergo decarboxylative elimination efficiently to produce 4-deoxypentenoside 4 and L-glucal 10. These unsaturated pyranosides provide an expeditious entry into mirror-image oligosaccharides, as demonstrated in the synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of the H-type II blood group determinant trisaccharide (D-Fuc-(alpha1-->2)-L-Gal-(beta1-->4)-L-GlcNAc-beta-OMe). This work illustrates that D-glucose, a common starting material in the synthesis of naturally occurring carbohydrates, can also be used to prepare their mirror-image analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien P Boulineau
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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Jobe KL, Odman-Ghazi SO, Whalen MM, Vercruysse KP. Interleukin-12 release from macrophages by hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C oligosaccharides. Immunol Lett 2003; 89:99-109. [PMID: 14556966 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS)-A and CS-C oligosaccharides were generated through the enzymatic digestion of the polysaccharides with either mammalian hyaluronidase or bacterial HA lyase or chondroitinase. Compared to mammalian enzymes, bacterial enzymes hydrolyze the polysaccharides through a different mechanism yielding chemically distinct sets of oligosaccharides. Peripheral leukocytes and a human monocytic cell line were exposed to these oligosaccharides and the amount of interleukin-12 released by the cells was measured. For all types of oligosaccharide tested, we found that the amount of interleukin-12 induced by oligosaccharides generated with bacterial enzyme was significantly lower than the amount of interleukin-12 induced by oligosaccharides generated with mammalian enzyme. In addition, we observed that CS oligosaccharides generated with bacterial enzyme were capable of reducing the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 production in macrophages. Our results indicate that HA or CS oligosaccharides generated with mammalian enzymes might possess pro-inflammatory potential, while HA or CS oligosaccharides generated with bacterial enzymes might possess non- or anti-inflammatory properties. The implications of our findings in view of the ongoing investigation of the potential therapeutic benefits of HA and CS in arthritis or other inflammatory pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennita L Jobe
- Chemistry Department, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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