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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Industrial Production of l-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and d-Isoascorbic Acid. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:143-88. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W. Einhundert Jahre Vitamine - eine naturwissenschaftliche Erfolgsgeschichte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W. One Hundred Years of Vitamins-A Success Story of the Natural Sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vekemans JAJM, Boerekamp J, Godefroi EF, Chittenden GJF. Vitamin-C- and isovitamin-C-derived chemistry. Part I. Synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy derivatives of the Ascorbic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19851041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Caldeira MM, Wurtz E, Peters JA, van Bekkum H. Catalytic hydrogenation of D
-xylo
-5-hexulosonic acid to gluconic and idonic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19911100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Chittenden GJF. Acetalation studies. Part VI. Concerning the effects of ultrasound on the benzylidenation of some alkyl D-glycopyranosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19881071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teh S. Liang
- a Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- b Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- c Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
| | - Xue Sheng Liu
- a Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- b Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- c Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
| | - Paul A. Seib
- a Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- b Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
- c Department of Grain Science and Industry, , Kansas State University , Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan , KS 66506
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10
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Linetsky M, Shipova E, Cheng R, Ortwerth BJ. Glycation by ascorbic acid oxidation products leads to the aggregation of lens proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1782:22-34. [PMID: 18023423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that there are striking similarities between the yellow chromophores, fluorophores and modified amino acids released by proteolytic digestion from calf lens proteins ascorbylated in vitro and their counterparts isolated from aged and cataractous lens proteins. The studies reported in this communication were conducted to further investigate whether ascorbic acid-mediated modification of lens proteins could lead to the formation of lens protein aggregates capable of scattering visible light, similar to the high molecular aggregates found in aged human lenses. Ascorbic acid, but not glucose, fructose, ribose or erythrulose, caused the aggregation of calf lens proteins to proteins ranging from 2.2 x 10(6) up to 3.0 x 10(8 )Da. This compared to proteins ranging from 1.8 x 10(6) up to 3.6 x 10(8 )Da for the water-soluble (WS) proteins isolated from aged human lenses. This aggregation was likely due to the glycation of lens crystallins because [U-(14)C] ascorbate was incorporated into the aggregate fraction and because NaCNBH(3), which reduces the initial Schiff base, prevented any protein aggregation. Reactions of ascorbate with purified crystallin fractions showed little or no aggregation of alpha-crystallin, significant aggregation of beta(H)-crystallin, but rapid precipitation of purified beta(L)- and gamma-crystallin. The aggregation of lens proteins can be prevented by the binding of damaged crystallins to alpha-crystallin due to its chaperone activity. Depending upon the ratios between the components of the incubation mixtures, alpha-crystallin prevented the precipitation of the purified beta(L)- and gamma-crystallin fractions during ascorbylation. The addition of at least 20% of alpha-crystallin by weight into glycation mixtures with beta(L)-, or gamma-crystallins completely inhibited protein precipitation, and increased the amount of the high molecular weight aggregates in solution. Static and dynamic light scattering measurements of the supernatants from the ascorbic acid-modified mixtures of alpha- and beta(L)-, or gamma-crystallins showed similar molar masses (up to 10(8 )Da) and hydrodynamic diameter (up to 80( )nm). These data support the hypothesis, that if the lens reducing environment is compromised, the ascorbylation of lens crystallins can significantly change the short range interactions between different classes of crystallins leading to protein aggregation, light scattering and eventually to senile cataract formation.
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Polchow-Stein K, Voss J. Preparation of Anhydro-Thiohexopyranosides and -Thiohexofuranosides with D-fructo-, L-sorbo-, L-psico- and L-tagato-Configuration Starting from L-Sorbose. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701340915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Polchow-Stein
- a Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Voss
- a Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
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Seok YJ, Kim ST, Yang KS, Huh WK, Kang SO. Characterization of Enediol-Containing Tautomers of L-Xylosone. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309608006498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jae Seok
- a Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences and Research Center for Molecular Microbiology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- a Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences and Research Center for Molecular Microbiology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap-Seok Yang
- a Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences and Research Center for Molecular Microbiology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- a Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences and Research Center for Molecular Microbiology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- a Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences and Research Center for Molecular Microbiology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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13
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Castro RN, Azeredo LC, Azeredo MAA, de Sampaio CST. HPLC ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN HONEY SAMPLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. N. Castro
- a Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , 23890-000, Seropédica, R.J. , Brazil
| | - L. C. Azeredo
- a Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , 23890-000, Seropédica, R.J. , Brazil
| | - M. A. A. Azeredo
- a Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , 23890-000, Seropédica, R.J. , Brazil
| | - C. S. T. de Sampaio
- a Department of Chemistry , Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , 23890-000, Seropédica, R.J. , Brazil
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Sidorov SN, Volkov IV, Davankov VA, Tsyurupa MP, Valetsky PM, Bronstein LM, Karlinsey R, Zwanziger JW, Matveeva VG, Sulman EM, Lakina NV, Wilder EA, Spontak RJ. Platinum-containing hyper-cross-linked polystyrene as a modifier-free selective catalyst for L-sorbose oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10502-10. [PMID: 11673981 DOI: 10.1021/ja0107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impregnation of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HPS) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) or methanol (ML) solutions containing platinic acid results in the formation of Pt(II) complexes within the nanocavities of HPS. Subsequent reduction of the complexes by H2 yields stable Pt nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 1.3 nm in THF and 1.4 nm in ML. The highest selectivity (98% at 100% conversion) measured during the catalytic oxidation of L-sorbose in water is obtained with the HPS-Pt-THF complex prior to H2 reduction. During an induction period of about 100 min, L-sorbose conversion is negligible while catalytic species develop in situ. The structure of the catalyst isolated after the induction period is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electron micrographs reveal a broad distribution of Pt nanoparticles, 71% of which measure less than or equal to 2.0 nm in diameter. These nanoparticles are most likely responsible for the high catalytic activity and selectivity observed. The formation of nanoparticles measuring up to 5.9 nm in diameter is attributed to the facilitated intercavity transport and aggregation of smaller nanoparticles in swollen HPS. The catalytic properties of these novel Pt nanoparticles are highly robust, remaining stable even after 15 repeated uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Sidorov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow 117813, Russia
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16
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Cheng R, Lin B, Lee KW, Ortwerth BJ. Similarity of the yellow chromophores isolated from human cataracts with those from ascorbic acid-modified calf lens proteins: evidence for ascorbic acid glycation during cataract formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1537:14-26. [PMID: 11476959 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic evidence supporting the similarity of the yellow chromophores isolated from aged human and brunescent cataract lenses and calf lens proteins ascorbylated in vitro is presented. The water-insoluble fraction from early stage brunescent cataract lenses was solubilized by sonication (WISS) and digested with a battery of proteolytic enzymes under argon to prevent oxidation. Also, calf lens proteins were incubated with ascorbic acid for 4 weeks in air and submitted to the same digestion. The percent hydrolysis of the proteins to amino acids was approximately 90% in every case. The content of yellow chromophores was 90, 130 and 250 A(330) units/g protein for normal human WISS, cataract WISS and ascorbate-modified bovine lens proteins respectively. Aliquots equivalent to 2.0 g of digested protein were subjected to size-exclusion chromatography on a Bio-Gel P-2 column. Six peaks were obtained for both preparations and pooled. Side by side thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of each peak showed very similar R(f) values for the long wavelength-absorbing fluorophores. Glycation with [U-(14)C]ascorbic acid, followed by digestion and Bio-Gel P-2 chromatography, showed that the incorporated radioactivity co-eluted with the A(330)-absorbing peaks, and that most of the fluorescent bands were labeled after TLC. Peaks 2 and 3 from the P-2 were further fractionated by preparative Prodigy C-18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two major A(330)-absorbing peaks were seen in peak 2 isolated from human cataract lenses and 5 peaks in fraction 3, all of which eluted at the same retention times as those from ascorbic acid glycated calf lens proteins. HPLC fractionation of P-2 peaks 4, 5 and 6 showed many A(330)-absorbing peaks from the cataract WISS, only some of which were identical to the asorbylated proteins. The major fluorophores, however, were present in both preparations. These data provide new evidence to support the hypothesis that the yellow chromophores in brunescent lenses represent advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) probably due to ascorbic acid glycation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheng
- Mason Eye Institute, The University of Missouri, 404 Portland Street, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Smirnoff N, Conklin PL, Loewus FA. BIOSYNTHESIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: A Renaissance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 52:437-467. [PMID: 11337405 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the familiar antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was described in 1933 yet remarkably, its biosynthesis in plants remained elusive until only recently. It became clear from radioisotopic labeling studies in the 1950s that plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis does not proceed in toto via a route similar to that in mammals. The description in 1996 of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in ascorbic acid prompted renewed research effort in this area, and subsequently in 1998 a new pathway was discovered that is backed by strong biochemical and molecular genetic evidence. This pathway proceeds through the intermediates GDP-D-mannose, L-galactose, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone. Much research has focused on the properties of the terminal enzyme responsible for conversion of the aldonolactone to ascorbate, and on related enzymes in both mammals and fungi. Two of the plant biosynthetic genes have been studied at the molecular level and additional ascorbate-deficient A. thaliana mutants may hold the key to other proteins involved in plant ascorbate metabolism. An analysis of the biosynthesis of ascorbate and its analogues in algae and fungi as well as the study of alternative proposed pathways should broaden our understanding of ascorbate metabolism in plants. With a biosynthetic pathway in hand, research on areas such as the control of ascorbate biosynthesis and the physiological roles of ascorbate should progress rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, United Kingdom; e-mail: , Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853; e-mail: , Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; e-mail:
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Khurana S, Sanli G, Powers DB, Anderson S, Blaber M. Molecular modeling of substrate binding in wild-type and mutant Corynebacteria 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate reductases. Proteins 2000; 39:68-75. [PMID: 10737928 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(20000401)39:1<68::aid-prot7>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase (2,5-DKGR; E.C. 1.1.1.-) catalyzes the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent stereo-specific reduction of 2, 5-diketo-D-gluconate (2,5-DKG) to 2-keto-L-gulonate (2-KLG), a precursor in the industrial production of vitamin C (L-ascorbate). Microorganisms that naturally ferment D-glucose to 2,5-DKG can be genetically modified to express the gene for 2,5-DKGR, and thus directly produce vitamin C from D-glucose. Two naturally occurring variants of DKGR (DKGR A and DKGR B) have been reported. DKGR B exhibits higher specific activity toward 2,5-DKG than DKGR A; however, DKGR A exhibits a greater selectivity for this substrate and significantly higher thermal stability. Thus, a modified form of DKGR, combining desirable properties from both enzymes, would be of substantial commercial interest. In the present study we use a molecular dynamics-based approach to understand the conformational changes in DKGR A as the active site is mutated to include two active site residue changes that occur in the B form. The results indicate that the enhanced kinetic properties of the B form are due, in part, to residue substitutions in the binding pocket. These substitutions augment interactions with the substrate or alter the alignment with respect to the putative proton donor group. Proteins 2000;39:68-75.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3015, USA
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Towards improving the utility of ketoses as organic raw materials1Enantiopure building blocks from sugars, Part 24. For Part 23, see ref.[63].12Dedicated to Professor Kurt Heyns on the occasion of his 90th birthday.2. Carbohydr Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Lee KW, Mossine V, Ortwerth BJ. The relative ability of glucose and ascorbate to glycate and crosslink lens proteins in vitro. off. Exp Eye Res 1998; 67:95-104. [PMID: 9702182 DOI: 10.1006/exer.1998.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation by glucose and/or ascorbate leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are thought to be a critical element in lens protein aging and cataract formation. The relative participation of these two glycating agents was evaluated in vitro. The incubation of 100 mM [U-14C]-D-glucose and 10 mM [U-14C]-L-ascorbate with lens proteins resulted in an increasing incorporation over 3 weeks, reaching a maximum of 100 nMol mg-1 protein and 160 nMol mg-1 protein with ascorbate. Glycation was proportional to carbohydrate concentration with both reagents, however ascorbate was 18-fold more reactive with lens proteins than glucose. Protein crosslinking was not obvious with 250 mM glucose as measured by SDS-PAGE, however, ascorbate caused extensive crosslinking even at 3.0 mM. The sugar-dependent incorporation of N alpha-formyl-[U-14C]-L-lysine ([U-14C]Nfl) into proteins, gave values of 1.5 nMol mg-1 protein after 3 weeks with 100 mM glucose compared to 11 nMol mg-1 protein with 10 mM ascorbate. On a molar basis, ascorbate was 70-fold more active than glucose and 100-fold more active than fructose in the crosslinking assay. N alpha-formyl-N epsilon-fructosyllysine (1.0 mM) dissociated to cause the incorporation of 1.2 nMol of [U-14C]NfL, but 1.0 mM 3-deoxyglucosone, the putative active dissociation product of fructosyl-lysine, produced only 1.5 nMol mg-1 protein of crosslinks. The chelator, DTPA, had little or no effect on crosslinking in our assay except at the highest carbohydrate level. These data argue that glucose crosslinking can be shown in vitro with lens proteins, however, it does not proceed significantly via 3-deoxyglucosone, and does not require transition metal ion-mediated oxidation to occur. Quantitatively, however, it is almost two orders of magnitude less than the crosslinking by ascorbate oxidation products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lee
- Mason Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA
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Khurana S, Powers DB, Anderson S, Blaber M. Crystal structure of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase A complexed with NADPH at 2.1-A resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:6768-73. [PMID: 9618487 PMCID: PMC22628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of Corynebacterium 2, 5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase A (2,5-DKGR A; EC 1.1.1.-), in complex with cofactor NADPH, has been solved by using x-ray crystallographic data to 2.1-A resolution. This enzyme catalyzes stereospecific reduction of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (2,5-DKG) to 2-keto-L-gulonate. Thus the three-dimensional structure has now been solved for a prokaryotic example of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. The details of the binding of the NADPH cofactor help to explain why 2,5-DKGR exhibits lower binding affinity for cofactor than the related human aldose reductase does. Furthermore, changes in the local loop structure near the cofactor suggest that 2,5-DKGR will not exhibit the biphasic cofactor binding characteristics observed in aldose reductase. Although the crystal structure does not include substrate, the two ordered water molecules present within the substrate-binding pocket are postulated to provide positional landmarks for the substrate 5-keto and 4-hydroxyl groups. The structural basis for several previously described active-site mutants of 2,5-DKGR A is also proposed. Recent research efforts have described a novel approach to the synthesis of L-ascorbate (vitamin C) by using a genetically engineered microorganism that is capable of synthesizing 2,5-DKG from glucose and subsequently is transformed with the gene for 2,5-DKGR. These modifications create a microorganism capable of direct production of 2-keto-L-gulonate from D-glucose, and the gulonate can subsequently be converted into vitamin C. In economic terms, vitamin C is the single most important specialty chemical manufactured in the world. Understanding the structural determinants of specificity, catalysis, and stability for 2,5-DKGR A is of substantial commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3015, USA
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22
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Oxidation of l-sorbose with molecular oxygen on platinum modified by metals, amines and phosphines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(96)00292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schachtner J, Stachel HD. Organoalane-mediated isomerization of ascorbic and isoascorbic acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Drew KN, Church TJ, Basu B, Vuorinen T, Serianni AS. l-(1-13C)- and (2-13C)ascorbic acid: synthesis and NMR characterization. Carbohydr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(96)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nakajima N, Matsumoto M, Kirihara M, Hashimoto M, Katoh T, Terashima S. Novel synthesis of (+)-hydantocidin based on the plausible biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gallice P, Sarrazin F, Polverelli M, Cadet J, Berland Y, Crevat A. Ascorbic acid-2-0-beta-glucuronide, a new metabolite of vitamin C identified in human urine and uremic plasma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1199:305-10. [PMID: 8161570 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new metabolite of ascorbic acid has been isolated by a multi-step chromatographic procedure both from normal human urine and uremic plasma. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance studies, and chemical and enzymic analyses indicated that the compound is a conjugated structure consisting of equimolar ascorbic and beta-D-glucuronic acids. We determined the pKa value of the ascorbic acid moiety of the compound on the basis of variations of ultraviolet absorbances as a function of pH. Results showed that glucuronic acid is coupled to the 2-position of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gallice
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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Mallat T, Baiker A. Oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen on platinum metal catalysts in aqueous solutions. Catal Today 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5861(94)80187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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García Ruiz PA, Zapata A, Barba FV, Ochoa JRG. Electrolytic preparation of 2-osuloses: a route to L-ascorbic acid. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00249960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Csiba M, Cleophax J, Petit S, Gero S. An efficient three step synthesis of vitamin C from L-galactono-1,4-lactone, a by-product of the sugar industry. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamamoto F, Sasaki S, Maeda M. Positron labeled antioxidants: synthesis and tissue biodistribution of 6-deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-ascorbic acid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1992; 43:633-9. [PMID: 1325422 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(92)90032-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of 6-deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-ascorbic acid (18F-DFA) has been developed via nucleophilic displacement of a cyclic sulfate with no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride ion. Isolated radiochemical yields of around 15% were obtained with radiochemical purity of over 99% after overall synthesis time of 90 min. Tissue distribution studies with 18F-DFA in rats showed high uptake of radioactivity in the adrenals, kidneys, liver and small intestine--organs known to have high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid. The slow and low uptake of radioactivity in the brain was observed between 10 and 120 min after i.v. injection. In vivo behavior of 18F-DFA in mice bearing 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma demonstrated its ability to accumulate in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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31
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New approach to chiral 5,5-disubstituted tetronic acids. Enantioselective synthesis of (−)-vertinolide. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barili PL, Berti G, D'Andrea F, Di Bussolo V, Granucci I. A new synthesis of L-ascorbic acid from D-galactose. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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García PA, Velasco R, Barba F. A New Synthesis of L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) from Protected Derivatives of D-Glucitol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919108021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vuorinen T, Serianni AS. 13C-substituted pentos-2-uloses: synthesis and analysis by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1990; 207:185-210. [PMID: 2076516 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)84048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
D-erythro-Pentos-2-ulose and D-threo-pentos-2-ulose and their 1-13C- and 2-13C-substituted derivatives have been prepared by oxidizing the corresponding natural and 13C-substituted D-aldopentoses (D-arabinose, D-xylose) with cupric acetate, and purifying the products by chromatography on a cation-exchange resin in the calcium or barium form. The equilibrium compositions of the pentos-2-uloses in 2H2O were determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy (75 MHz) at 25 degrees and 80 degrees. Among the eighteen possible monomeric acyclic, cyclic, and bicyclic forms, the anomeric pairs of the unhydrated aldopyranoses, aldopyranose endocyclic hydrates, aldofuranose endocyclic hydrates, and ketofuranose exocyclic hydrates were identified on the basis of 13C chemical shifts and 13C-1H and 13C-13C spin-coupling constants. 1H-N.m.r. (300, 500, and 620 MHz) and 13C-n.m.r. (75 MHz) spectroscopic data in one and two dimensions (DQF-COSY, homonuclear 2D-J) were used to evaluate the conformational properties of the cyclic structures. The unhydrated pyranoses are highly conformationally homogeneous; the erythro and threo isomers prefer 1C4 and 4C1 conformations, respectively. D-threo-Pentos-2-ulopyranose hydrate prefers the 4C1 conformation whereas the erythro isomers exists in both the 4C1 and 1C4 conformations. The furanoid forms favor structures having quasi-axial anomeric hydroxyl groups and quasi-equatorial exocyclic hydroxymethyl or dihydroxymethyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vuorinen
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
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Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid is an important product currently made using the Reichstein process, which is mainly chemical. Recently, bacteria have been identified that are able to transform in a very efficient way glucose to 2,5-keto-D-gluconic acid and this product to 2-keto-L-idonic acid, precursor of L-ascorbic acid. When the corresponding strains are used together, it is possible to get 2-keto-L-idonic acid directly from glucose. Moreover, new strains have been constructed by introducing a gene from a strain responsible for the second step into a strain responsible for the first step. By using one of the new strains, the transformation can be performed in a single step with only one strain. However, the classical process still remains the most competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boudrant
- CNRS-ENSAIA, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Lloyd LL, Warner FP, Kennedy JF, White CA. Ion suppression reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of L-ascorbic acid in fresh fruit juice. J Chromatogr A 1988; 437:447-52. [PMID: 3379112 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Lloyd
- Polymer Laboratories Ltd., Shropshire, U.K
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Kulbe KD, Heinzler A, Knopki G. Enzymatic synthesis of L-ascorbic acid via D-uronic acids; membrane-reactor integrated recovery of D-galacturonic acid from pectin hydrolysates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 506:543-51. [PMID: 3324864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K D Kulbe
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
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Miller JV, Estell DA, Lazarus RA. Purification and characterization of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase from Corynebacterium sp. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lazarus RA, Seymour JL. Determination of 2-keto-L-gulonic and other ketoaldonic and aldonic acids produced by ketogenic bacterial fermentation. Anal Biochem 1986; 157:360-6. [PMID: 3777440 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) produced by microbial fermentation is described. 2-KLG is separated from other aldonic and ketoaldonic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography on an Aminex anion exchange column with ammonium formate or potassium phosphate as the eluant. This is a rapid and simple method for routine analysis of a large number of samples generated by fermentation studies. Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry permits the qualitative and quantitative analysis of nanogram levels of 2-keto-L-gulonate in complex media and provides confirmation of the HPLC results. The methodologies presented are useful for the analysis of a number of aldonic and ketoaldonic acids.
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Crawford TC. The Gulono-1,4-Lactones A Review of Their Synthesis, Reactions, and Related Derivatives. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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