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Sieber PH, Steinritz D, Worek F, John H. Disulfide-adducts with cysteine residues in human serum albumin prove exposure to malodorous mercaptans in vitro. Anal Biochem 2024; 692:115568. [PMID: 38750681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Malodorants are mixtures containing mercaptans, which trigger the flight instinct upon exposure and might thus be deployed in military and civilian defense scenarios. Exposure to mercaptans might lead to unconsciousness, thus representing a possible threat for health. Therefore, we developed and validated a bioanalytical procedure for the simultaneous detection and identification of corresponding biomarkers for the verification of exposure to mercaptans. Disulfide-adducts of ethyl mercaptan (SEt), n-butyl mercaptan (SnBu), tert-butyl mercaptan (StBu) and iso-amyl mercaptan (SiAm) with cysteine (Cys) residues in human serum albumin (HSA) were formed by in vitro incubation of human plasma. After pronase-catalyzed proteolysis, reaction products were identified as adducts of the single amino acid Cys and the dipeptide cysteine-proline (Cys34Pro) detected by a sensitive μLC-ESI MS/MS method working in the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) mode. Dose-response studies showed linearity for the yield of Cys34Pro-adducts in the range from 6 nM to 300 μM of mercaptans in plasma and limits of identification (LOI) were in the range from 60 nM to 6 μM. Cys34-adducts showed stability for at least 6 days in plasma (37 °C). The presented disulfide-biomarkers expand the spectrum for bioanalytical verification procedures and might be helpful to prove exposure to malodorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Helena Sieber
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Chen HJC. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of DNA and Protein Adducts as Biomarkers in Human Exposure to Cigarette Smoking: Acrolein as an Example. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:132-140. [PMID: 36626705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a major component in cigarette smoke and a product of endogenous lipid peroxidation. It is difficult to distinguish human exposure to acrolein from exogenous sources versus endogenous causes, as components in cigarette smoke can stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo. Therefore, analysis of acrolein-induced DNA and protein adducts by the highly accurate, sensitive, and specific mass spectrometry-based methods is vital to estimate the degree of damage by this IARC Group 2A carcinogen. This Perspective reviews the analyses of acrolein-induced DNA and protein adducts in humans by mass spectrometry focusing on samples accessible for biomonitoring, including DNA from leukocytes and oral cells and abundant proteins from blood, i.e., hemoglobin and serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
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3
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Eissa EH, Ezzo OH, Khalil HS, Tawfik WA, El‐Badawi AA, Abd Elghany NA, Mossa MI, Hassan MM, Hassan MM, Eissa MEH, Shafi ME, Hamouda AH. The effect of dietary nanocurcumin on the growth performance, body composition, haemato‐biochemical parameters and histopathological scores of the Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) challenged with
Aspergillus flavus. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 53:6098-6111. [DOI: 10.1111/are.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omaima H. Ezzo
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination National Research Centre Dokki Egypt
| | - Hala Saber Khalil
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (NIOF) Cairo Egypt
| | - Wesam Ahmed Tawfik
- Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines Giza Egypt
- Naqaa Nanotechnology Network Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. El‐Badawi
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Abbassa Abo‐Hammad Egypt
- Biology Department University College, Umm‐Al Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A. Abd Elghany
- Fish Diseases Department Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre (ARC) Dokki Egypt
| | - Monga I. Mossa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Arish University Arish Egypt
| | - Montaser M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaheda E. H. Eissa
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology Aswan University Aswan Egypt
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences Zoology, Faculty of Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatef Hamed Hamouda
- Fish Health and Diseases Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology Aswan University Aswan Egypt
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Aza-Oxa-Triazole Based Macrocycles with Tunable Properties: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113409. [PMID: 35684347 PMCID: PMC9182012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A modular platform for the synthesis of tunable aza-oxa-based macrocycles was established. Modulations in the backbone and the side-chain functional groups have been rendered to achieve the tunable property. These aza-oxa-based macrocycles can also differ in the number of heteroatoms in the backbone and the ring size of the macrocycles. For the proof of concept, a library of macrocycles was synthesized with various hanging functional groups, different combinations of heteroatoms, and ring sizes in the range of 17–27 atoms and was characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. In light of the importance of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and the significance of triazole groups for various applications, we employed the click-reaction-based macrocyclization. The competence of the synthesized macrocycles in various biomedical applications was proven by studying the interactions with the serum albumin proteins; bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. It was observed that some candidates, based on their hanging functional groups and specific backbone atoms, could interact well with the protein, thus improving the bioactive properties. On the whole, this work is a proof-of-concept to explore the backbone- and side-chain-tunable macrocycle for different properties and applications.
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Misra P, Parmar A, Agarwal D, Saha T, Somani B. Choice of assay affects serum albumin measurements in HIV patients: A comparison of bromocresol green and bromocresol purple dye binding methods. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_157_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nishiie-Yano R, Hirayama S, Tamura M, Kanemochi T, Ueno T, Hirayama A, Hori A, Ai T, Hirose N, Miida T. Hemolysis Is Responsible for Elevation of Serum Iron Concentration After Regular Exercises in Judo Athletes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:63-69. [PMID: 31786754 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum iron concentration increases in marathon athletes after running due to mechanical destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). This study was performed to examine whether serum iron concentration increases after regular Judo exercise, and if so, whether such post-exercise iron increase is caused by hemolysis. We examined biochemical parameters related to red blood cell and iron metabolism in 16 male competitive Judo athletes before and after traditional exercise training composed of basic movements and freestyle matchup. The parameters were adjusted for changes in plasma volume based on simultaneously measured albumin concentration. The red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit levels decreased significantly, by 6.0-8.4%, after Judo exercise. The serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation increased significantly, from 87 ± 34 μg/dL to 98 ± 29 μg/dL and from 27.1 ± 9.7% to 31.2 ± 9.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the serum free hemoglobin level increased by 33.9% (p < 0.05), and haptoglobin concentration decreased by 19.2% (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between Δ haptoglobin concentration and Δ serum iron concentration (r = - 0.551, p = 0.027). The results of this study indicate that serum iron concentration increases significantly after Judo exercise due to hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nishiie-Yano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tamura
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Hiragagakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takumi Kanemochi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Hiragagakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Toho Junior and Senior High School, Naka 3-1-10, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-0004, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Hiragagakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Dawood MAO, Moustafa EM, Elbialy ZI, Farrag F, Lolo EEE, Abdel-Daim HA, Abdel-Daim MM, Van Doan H. Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 and/or β-glucan impacted the histopathological, antioxidant, immune-related genes and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:212-221. [PMID: 32203766 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A trial was operated to assess the potential of using Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (L-137) and/or β-glucan (BG) in improving the resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila. Control diet and 3 diets supplemented with L-137, BG or L-137 + BG were prepared. Final body weight, specific growth rate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase showed considerably (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups, while glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (P < .05) only in L-137/BG group. Fish fed L-137 and/or BG diets showed that feed conversion ratio and malonaldehyde levels were significantly decreased (P < .05). Also, both L-137 and BG helped Nile tilapia to have high phagocytosis activity and relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) genes. After A. hydrophila challenge, the intestinal villi epithelium of the L-137/BG group was intact and denser than the other groups. The hepatopancreas and spleen of the control group displayed severe necrosis in hepatocytes and congestion of blood sinusoids in addition to diffuse vacuolation. Regarding the L-137, BG and L-137/BG groups, there was a moderate and normal degree of vacuolation with focal necrosis and mild to moderate degree of congestion of blood sinusoids. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and albumin showed meaningfully (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups. TNF-α, IL-1β, and INF-γ expressions were upregulated by L-137 and/or BG. The obtained results revealed the ability of L-137 and/or BG to protect Nile tilapia from the effects of A. hydrophila infection by the motivation of the immune, antioxidative, and antiinflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Eman Moustafa Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Emad E E Lolo
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Abdel-Daim
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand..
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Abstract
Albumin is widely conserved from vertebrates to invertebrates, and nature of mammalian albumins permit them to bind various endogenous ligands and drugs in the blood. It is known that at least two major ligand binding sites are present on the albumin molecule, which are referred to as Site I and Site II. These binding sites are thought to be almost completely conserved among mammals, even though the degree of binding to these sites are different depending on the physical and chemical properties of drugs and differences in the microenvironment in the binding pockets. In addition, the binding sites for medium and long-chain fatty acids are also well conserved among mammals, and it is considered that there are at least seven binding sites, including Site I and Site II. These bindings properties of albumin in the blood are also widely known to be important for transporting drugs and fatty acids to various tissues. It can therefore be concluded that albumin is one of the most important serum proteins for various ligands, and information on human albumin can be very useful in predicting the ligand binding properties of the albumin of other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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Preston GW, Dagnino S, Ponzi E, Sozeri O, van Veldhoven K, Barratt B, Liu S, Grigoryan H, Lu SS, Rappaport SM, Chung KF, Cullinan P, Sinharay R, Kelly FJ, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vineis P, Phillips DH. Relationships between airborne pollutants, serum albumin adducts and short-term health outcomes in an experimental crossover study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124667. [PMID: 31499299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution can have both short-term and long-term effects on health. However, the relationships between specific pollutants and their effects can be obscured by characteristics of both the pollution and the exposed population. One way of elucidating the relationships is to link exposures and internal changes at the level of the individual. To this end, we combined personal exposure monitoring (59 individuals, Oxford Street II crossover study) with mass-spectrometry-based analyses of putative serum albumin adducts (fixed-step selected reaction monitoring). We attempted to infer adducts' identities using data from another, higher-resolution mass spectrometry method, and were able to detect a semi-synthetic standard with both methods. A generalised least squares regression method was used to test for associations between amounts of adducts and pollution measures (ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter), and between amounts of adducts and short-term health outcomes (measures of lung health and arterial stiffness). Amounts of some putative adducts (e.g., one with a positive mass shift of ∼143 Da) were associated with exposure to pollution (11 associations), and amounts of other adducts were associated with health outcomes (eight associations). Adducts did not appear to provide a link between exposures and short-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Preston
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sonia Dagnino
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Erica Ponzi
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Osman Sozeri
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Karin van Veldhoven
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sa Liu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sixin S Lu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Campus, London, SW3 6LY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Campus, London, SW3 6LY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Rudy Sinharay
- Pulmonary, Adult Critical Care and Sleep Directorate, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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The biodistribution and clearance of AlbudAb, a novel biopharmaceutical medicine platform, assessed via PET imaging in humans. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:45. [PMID: 31115711 PMCID: PMC6529487 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Conjugation or fusion to AlbudAbs™ (albumin-binding domain antibodies) is a novel approach to extend the half-life and alter the tissue distribution of biological and small molecule therapeutics. To understand extravasation kinetics and extravascular organ concentrations of AlbudAbs in humans, we studied tissue distribution and elimination of a non-conjugated 89Zr-labeled AlbudAb in healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods A non-conjugated AlbudAb (GSK3128349) was radiolabeled with 89Zr and a single 1 mg (~ 15 MBq) dose intravenously administered to eight healthy males. 89Zr-AlbudAb tissue distribution was followed for up to 7 days with four whole-body PET/CT scans. 89Zr-AlbudAb tissue concentrations were quantified in organs of therapeutic significance, measuring standardized uptake value and tissue/plasma ratios. Plasma pharmacokinetics were assessed by gamma counting and LC-MS/MS of blood samples. Results 89Zr-AlbudAb administration and PET/CT procedures were well tolerated, with no drug-related immunogenicity or adverse events. 89Zr-AlbudAb rapidly distributed throughout the vasculature, with tissue/plasma ratios in the liver, lungs, and heart relatively stable over 7 days post-dose, ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. The brain tissue/plasma ratio of 0.025 suggested minimal AlbudAb blood-brain barrier penetration. Slowly increasing ratios in muscle, testis, pancreas, and spleen reflected either slow AlbudAb penetration and/or 89Zr residualization in these organs. Across all tissues evaluated, the kidney tissue/plasma ratio was highest (0.5–1.5 range) with highest concentration in the renal cortex. The terminal half-life of the 89Zr-AlbudAb was 18 days. Conclusion Evaluating the biodistribution of 89Zr-AlbudAb in healthy volunteers using a low radioactivity dose was successful (total subject exposure ~ 10 mSv). Results indicated rapid formation of reversible, but stable, complexes between AlbudAb and albumin upon dosing. 89Zr-AlbudAb demonstrated albumin-like pharmacokinetics, including limited renal elimination. This novel organ-specific distribution data for AlbudAbs in humans will facilitate a better selection of drug targets to prosecute using the AlbudAb platform and significantly contribute to modeling work optimizing dosing of therapeutic AlbudAbs in the clinic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-019-0514-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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11
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Chen HJC, Liu CT, Li YJ. Correlation between Glyoxal-Induced DNA Cross-Links and Hemoglobin Modifications in Human Blood Measured by Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:179-189. [PMID: 30507124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxal is an oxoaldehyde generated from the degradation of glucose-protein conjugates and from lipid peroxidation in foods and in vivo, and it is also present in the environment (e.g., cigarette smoke). The major endogenous source of glyoxal is glucose autoxidation, and the glyoxal concentrations in plasma are higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetics. Glyoxal reacts with biomolecules forming covalently modified DNA and protein adducts. We previously developed sensitive and specific assays based on nanoflow liquid chromatography-nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS) for quantification of DNA cross-linked adducts (dG-gx-dC and dG-gx-dA) and for hemoglobin adducts derived from glyoxal. In this study, we isolated and analyzed both leukocyte DNA and hemoglobin from the blood of diabetic patients and compared the adduct levels with those from nondiabetic subjects using the modified assays. The results indicated that the extents of glyoxal-induced hemoglobin modifications on α-Lys-11, α-Arg-92, β-Lys-17, and β-Lys-66 were statistically higher in diabetic patients than nondiabetics and they correlated with HbA1c significantly. Moreover, the levels of dG-gx-dC in leukocyte DNA correlated positively with the extents of globin modification at α-Lys-11 and β-Lys-17, while levels of dG-gx-dA correlated with those at α-Lys-11 and α-Arg-92 in nonsmoking subjects. Comparing the levels and the correlation coefficients of these hemoglobin and DNA adducts including or excluding smokers, it appears that smoking is not a major contributor to glyoxal-induced adduction of hemoglobin and leukocyte DNA. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few reports of positive correlation between DNA and protein adducts of the same compound (glyoxal) in the blood from the same subjects. Because of the high abundance of hemoglobin in blood, the results indicate that quantification of glyoxal-modified peptides in hemoglobin might serve as a dosimetry for glyoxal and a practical surrogate biomarker for assessing glyoxal-induced DNA damage and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road , Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road , Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , 168 University Road , Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142 , Taiwan
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12
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Siegert M, Kranawetvogl A, Thiermann H, John H. Glutathione as an antidote for sulfur mustard poisoning: Mass spectrometric investigations of its potency as a chemical scavenger. Toxicol Lett 2018; 293:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Santos A. Real-Time Binding Monitoring between Human Blood Proteins and Heavy Metal Ions in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10039-10048. [PMID: 30041521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the real-time binding assessment between heavy metal ions and blood proteins immobilized onto nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). The surface of NAA-PCs is chemically functionalized with γ-globulin (GG), transferrin (TFN), and serum albumin (HSA), the major proteins present in human blood plasma. Protein-modified NAA-PC platforms are exposed to analytical solutions of mercury ions of different concentrations. Dynamic changes in the effective optical thickness of protein-modified NAA-PCs in response to heavy metal ions are assessed in real time to evaluate the binding kinetics, affinity, and mechanism. Protein molecules undergo conformational changes upon exposure to mercury ions, with HSA exhibiting the strongest affinity. The combination of protein-modified NAA-PCs with RIfS allows real-time monitoring of protein-heavy metal ions interactions under dynamic flow conditions. This system is capable of detecting dynamic conformational changes in these proteins upon exposure to heavy metal ions. Our results provide new insights into these binding events, which could enable new methodologies to study the toxicity of heavy metal ions and other biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
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14
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Femtosecond Laser Direct Write Integration of Multi-Protein Patterns and 3D Microstructures into 3D Glass Microfluidic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Preston G, Plusquin M, Sozeri O, van Veldhoven K, Bastian L, Nawrot TS, Chadeau-Hyam M, Phillips DH. Refinement of a Methodology for Untargeted Detection of Serum Albumin Adducts in Human Populations. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2120-2129. [PMID: 29092396 PMCID: PMC5736992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalently modified blood proteins (e.g., serum albumin adducts) are increasingly being viewed as potential biomarkers via which the environmental causes of human diseases may be understood. The notion that some (perhaps many) modifications have yet to be discovered has led to the development of untargeted adductomics methods, which attempt to capture entire populations of adducts. One such method is fixed-step selected reaction monitoring (FS-SRM), which analyses distributions of serum albumin adducts via shifts in the mass of a tryptic peptide [Li et al. (2011) Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10, M110.004606]. Working on the basis that FS-SRM might be able to detect biological variation due to environmental factors, we aimed to scale the methodology for use in an epidemiological setting. Development of sample preparation methods led to a batch workflow with increased throughput and provision for quality control. Challenges posed by technical and biological variation were addressed in the processing and interpretation of the data. A pilot study of 20 smokers and 20 never-smokers provided evidence of an effect of smoking on levels of putative serum albumin adducts. Differences between smokers and never-smokers were most apparent in putative adducts with net gains in mass between 105 and 114 Da (relative to unmodified albumin). The findings suggest that our implementation of FS-SRM could be useful for studying other environmental factors with relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George
W. Preston
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental,
and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Osman Sozeri
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental,
and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Karin van Veldhoven
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Lilian Bastian
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental,
and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre
for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Environment
and Health Unit, Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Phillips
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Analytical, Environmental,
and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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16
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Siegert M, Kranawetvogl A, Thiermann H, John H. N-Acetylcysteine as a chemical scavenger for sulfur mustard: New insights by mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:243-253. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Siegert
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Munich Germany
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Munich Germany
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17
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Ali MS, Al-Lohedan HA, Khan MS, Al-Senaidy AM, Husain FM, Shamsi MB. Exploring the mode of binding between food additive “butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)” and human serum albumin: Spectroscopic as well as molecular docking study. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Sabbioni G, Turesky RJ. Biomonitoring Human Albumin Adducts: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:332-366. [PMID: 27989119 PMCID: PMC5241710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin (Alb) is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Alb reacts with many carcinogens and/or their electrophilic metabolites. Studies conducted over 20 years ago showed that Alb forms adducts with the human carcinogens aflatoxin B1 and benzene, which were successfully used as biomarkers in molecular epidemiology studies designed to address the role of these chemicals in cancer risk. Alb forms adducts with many therapeutic drugs or their reactive metabolites such as β-lactam antibiotics, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and antiretroviral therapy drugs. The identification and characterization of the adduct structures formed with Alb have served to understand the generation of reactive metabolites and to predict idiosyncratic drug reactions and toxicities. The reaction of candidate drugs with Alb is now exploited as part of the battery of screening tools to assess the potential toxicities of drugs. The use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enabled the identification and quantification of multiple types of Alb xenobiotic adducts in animals and humans during the past three decades. In this perspective, we highlight the history of Alb as a target protein for adduction to environmental and dietary genotoxicants, pesticides, and herbicides, common classes of medicinal drugs, and endogenous electrophiles, and the emerging analytical mass spectrometry technologies to identify Alb-toxicant adducts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland
- Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, CH-6718 Olivone, Switzerland
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie
und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Regazzoni LG, Grigoryan H, Ji Z, Chen X, Daniels SI, Huang D, Sanchez S, Tang N, Sillé FCM, Iavarone AT, Williams ER, Zhang L, Rappaport SM. Using lysine adducts of human serum albumin to investigate the disposition of exogenous formaldehyde in human blood. Toxicol Lett 2017; 268:26-35. [PMID: 28104429 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a human carcinogen that readily binds to nucleophiles, including proteins and DNA. To investigate whether exogenous formaldehyde produces adducts in extracellular fluids, we characterized modifications to human serum albumin (HSA) following incubation of whole blood, plasma, and saliva with formaldehyde at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100μM. The only HSA locus that showed the presence of formaldehyde modifications was Lys199. A N(6)-Lys adduct with added mass of 12Da, representing a putative intramolecular crosslink, was detected in biological fluids that had been incubated with formaldehyde but not in control fluids. An adduct representing N(6)-Lys formylation was detected in all fluids, but levels did not increase above control values over the tested range of formaldehyde concentrations. An adduct representing N(6)-Lys199 acetylation was also measured in all samples. We then applied the assay to repeated samples of human plasma from 6 nonsmoking volunteer subjects (from Berkeley, CA), and single samples of serum from 15 workers exposed to airborne formaldehyde at about 1.5ppm in a production facility and 15 control workers from Tianjin, China. Although all human plasma/serum samples contained basal levels of the products of N(6)-Lys formylation and acetylation, the putative crosslink product was not detected. Since the putative crosslink was observed in plasma incubated with formaldehyde at 1μM, this suggests that the endogenous concentration of formaldehyde in serum was much lower than reported in the literature. Furthermore, concentrations of the formyl adduct were not higher in workers exposed to formaldehyde at about 1.5ppm than in controls. Follow-up in vitro experiments with gaseous formaldehyde at 1.4ppm detected the putative crosslink in plasma but not whole blood. This combination of results suggests that N(6) formylation occurs within cells with subsequent release of adducted HSA to the systemic circulation. Comparing across human samples, levels of N(6)-Lys199 formyl adducts were present at similar concentrations in subjects from California and China (about 1mmol/mol HSA), but N(6)-Lys199 acetyl adducts were present at higher concentrations in Chinese subjects (0.34 vs. 0.13mmol/mol HSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Regazzoni
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Zhiying Ji
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sarah I Daniels
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Deyin Huang
- Institute of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Sylvia Sanchez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fenna C M Sillé
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evan R Williams
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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20
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Nemtseva EV, Lashchuk OO, Gerasimova MA. Similarity of decay-associated spectra for tryptophan fluorescence of proteins with different structures. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Esfandfar P, Falahati M, Saboury A. Spectroscopic studies of interaction between CuO nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:1962-8. [PMID: 26555383 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1096213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the great interests in manufacturing and application of metal oxide nanoparticles in commercial and industrial products have led to focus on the potential impact of these particles on biomacromolecules. In the present study, the interaction of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The zeta potential value for BSA and CuO nanoparticles with average diameter of around 50 nm at concentration of 10 μM in the deionized (DI) water were -5.8 and -22.5 mV, respectively. Circular dichroism studies did not show any changes in the content of secondary structure of the protein after CuO nanoparticles interaction. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by CuO nanoparticles was the result of the formed complex of CuO nanoparticles - BSA. Binding constants and other thermodynamic parameters were determined at three different temperatures. The hydrogen bond interactions are the predominant intermolecular forces to stabilize the CuO nanoparticle - BSA complex. This study provides important insight into the interaction of CuO nanoparticles with proteins, which may be of importance for further application of these nanoparticles in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Esfandfar
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- b Department of Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University (IAUPS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - AliAkbar Saboury
- c Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
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22
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Sheng J, Wang Y, Turesky RJ, Kluetzman K, Zhang QY, Ding X. Novel Transgenic Mouse Model for Studying Human Serum Albumin as a Biomarker of Carcinogenic Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:797-809. [PMID: 27028147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is a commonly used serum protein for studying human exposure to xenobiotic compounds, including therapeutics and environmental pollutants. Often, the reactivity of albumin with xenobiotic compounds is studied ex vivo with human albumin or plasma/serum samples. Some studies have characterized the reactivity of albumin with chemicals in rodent models; however, differences between the orthologous peptide sequences of human and rodent albumins can result in the formation of different types of chemical-protein adducts with different interaction sites or peptide sequences. Our goal is to generate a human albumin transgenic mouse model that can be used to establish human protein biomarkers of exposure to hazardous xenobiotics for human risk assessment via animal studies. We have developed a human albumin transgenic mouse model and characterized the genotype and phenotype of the transgenic mice. The presence of the human albumin gene in the genome of the model mouse was confirmed by genomic PCR analysis, whereas liver-specific expression of the transgenic human albumin mRNA was validated by RT-PCR analysis. Further immunoblot and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that the transgenic human albumin protein is a full-length, mature protein, which is less abundant than the endogenous mouse albumin that coexists in the serum of the transgenic mouse. The transgenic protein was able to form ex vivo adducts with a genotoxic metabolite of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, a procarcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine formed in cooked meat. This novel human albumin transgenic mouse model will facilitate the development and validation of albumin-carcinogen adducts as biomarkers of xenobiotic exposure and/or toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sheng
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kerri Kluetzman
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Xinxin Ding
- College of Nanoscale Science, SUNY Polytechnic Institute , Albany, New York 12203, United States
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23
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John H, Siegert M, Gandor F, Gawlik M, Kranawetvogl A, Karaghiosoff K, Thiermann H. Optimized verification method for detection of an albumin-sulfur mustard adduct at Cys34 using a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer after direct plasma proteolysis. Toxicol Lett 2016; 244:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Sarkar U, Rivera-Burgos D, Large EM, Hughes DJ, Ravindra KC, Dyer RL, Ebrahimkhani MR, Wishnok JS, Griffith LG, Tannenbaum SR. Metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetic evaluation of hydrocortisone in a perfused three-dimensional human liver bioreactor. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1091-9. [PMID: 25926431 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to cause liver injury primarily involving inflammatory cells such as Kupffer cells, but few in vitro culture models are applicable for investigation of inflammatory effects on drug metabolism. We have developed a three-dimensional human microphysiological hepatocyte-Kupffer cell coculture system and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids on liver cultures. LPS was introduced to the cultures to elicit an inflammatory response and was assessed by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. A sensitive and specific reversed-phase-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry method was used to evaluate hydrocortisone disappearance and metabolism at near physiologic levels. For this, the systems were dosed with 100 nM hydrocortisone and circulated for 2 days; hydrocortisone was depleted to approximately 30 nM, with first-order kinetics. Phase I metabolites, including tetrahydrocortisone and dihydrocortisol, accounted for 8-10% of the loss, and 45-52% consisted of phase II metabolites, including glucuronides of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone. Pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e., half-life, rate of elimination, clearance, and area under the curve, were 23.03 hours, 0.03 hour(-1), 6.6 × 10(-5) l⋅hour(-1), and 1.03 (mg/l)*h, respectively. The ability of the bioreactor to predict the in vivo clearance of hydrocortisone was characterized, and the obtained intrinsic clearance values correlated with human data. This system offers a physiologically relevant tool for investigating hepatic function in an inflamed liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Sarkar
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Dinelia Rivera-Burgos
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Emma M Large
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - David J Hughes
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Kodihalli C Ravindra
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Rachel L Dyer
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Mohammad R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - John S Wishnok
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering (U.S., D.R.-B., K.C.R., R.L.D., M.R.E., J.S.W., L.G.G., S.R.T.), Department of Chemistry (S.R.T.), and Department of Mechanical Engineering (L.G.G.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and CN Bio Innovations, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (E.M.L., D.J.H.)
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26
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Bennett KM, Jo JI, Cabral H, Bakalova R, Aoki I. MR imaging techniques for nano-pathophysiology and theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:75-94. [PMID: 24787226 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanoparticle DDSs (drug delivery systems, nano-DDSs) is opening new pathways to understanding physiology and pathophysiology at the nanometer scale. A nano-DDS can be used to deliver higher local concentrations of drugs to a target region and magnify therapeutic effects. However, interstitial cells or fibrosis in intractable tumors, as occurs in pancreatic or scirrhous stomach cancer, tend to impede nanoparticle delivery. Thus, it is critical to optimize the type and size of nanoparticles to reach the target. High-resolution 3D imaging provides a means of "seeing" the nanoparticle distribution and therapeutic effects. We introduce the concept of "nano-pathophysiological imaging" as a strategy for theranostics. The strategy consists of selecting an appropriate nano-DDS and rapidly evaluating drug effects in vivo to guide the next round of therapy. In this article we classify nano-DDSs by component carrier materials and present an overview of the significance of nano-pathophysiological MRI.
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Peng W, Ding F, Jiang YT, Peng YK. Bioavailability and activity of natural food additive triterpenoids as influenced by protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2271-83. [PMID: 24548018 DOI: 10.1021/jf4049512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids were thought to be biologically ineffective for a very long time, but aggregating proof on their widely ranging pharmacological activities paired with a dubious toxicity portrait has motivated regenerated attraction for human health and disease. In the current contribution, our central goal was to integratively dissect the biointeraction of two typical triterpenoids, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, by the most fundamental macromolecule bovine serum albumin (BSA) by employing molecular modeling, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra at the molecular scale. Based on molecular modeling, subdomain IIA, which matches Sudlow's site I, was allocated to retain high affinity for triterpenoids, but the affinity of ursolic acid with subdomain IIA is somewhat inferior compared to that of oleanolic acid, probably because the affinity differentiation arises from the different positions of the methyl group on the E-ring in the two triterpenoids. This sustains the site-specific ligands, and hydrophobic 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid probe results in arranging the triterpenoids at the warfarin-azapropazone site. The data of steady state and time-resolved fluorescence indicated that the recognition of triterpenoids by BSA produced quenching by a static type, in other words, the ground state BSA-triterpenoid complex formation with the affinities of 1.507/1.734, 1.042/1.186, and 0.8395/0.9863 × 10(4) M(-1) at 298, 304, and 310 K for ursolic acid/oleanolic acid, respectively. Thermodynamic analyses show that the basic forces acting between BSA and triterpenoids are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions; this occurrence provoked the alterations of the BSA spatial structure with a noticeable decline of α-helix evoking perturbation of the protein, as stemmed from circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence measurements. We anticipate that the complexation of plant triterpenoids with protein delineated here may be exploited as a biologically relevant model for evaluating the physiologically applicable noncovalent complexes in in vivo examination of triterpenoid properties such as accumulation, bioavailability, and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, China
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Ueno T, Hirayama S, Ito M, Nishioka E, Fukushima Y, Satoh T, Idei M, Horiuchi Y, Shoji H, Ohmura H, Shimizu T, Miida T. Albumin concentration determined by the modified bromocresol purple method is superior to that by the bromocresol green method for assessing nutritional status in malnourished patients with inflammation. Ann Clin Biochem 2013; 50:576-84. [PMID: 23897106 DOI: 10.1177/0004563213480137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score (CS), a simple score for assessing nutritional status, is calculated using laboratory data, including serum albumin concentration. Although dye-binding assays such as the bromocresol green (BCG) and modified bromocresol purple (mBCP) methods are widely used for albumin measurement, acute-phase proteins interfere with the BCG method. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether the choice of albumin assay affects assessment of nutritional status using CONUT scores (CSs). DESIGN We measured serum albumin concentrations by the BCG (ALBBCG) and mBCP (ALBmBCP) methods in 44 malnourished inpatients, 27 of whom underwent nutritional intervention, and compared them to 30 age-matched healthy volunteers. In treated patients, CSs were calculated by ALBBCG (CS-BCG) and ALBmBCP (CS-mBCP). RESULTS C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were positively correlated with the difference between ALBBCG and ALBmBCP in malnourished inpatients (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). CS-BCG was always lower than CS-mBCP (lower CS indicates superior nutritional status) in treated patients with persistently high CRP levels. However, in patients whose CRP decreased gradually, this difference diminished over the clinical course. CS-BCG and CS-mBCP were similar throughout their courses in patients with normal CRP concentrations. Adding haptoglobin to the human albumin solutions increased ALBBCG in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The choice of albumin assay affected the assessment of nutritional status using CSs in patients with inflammation. We recommend that the modified BCP assay be used to assess nutritional status, particularly in patients with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Peng L, Turesky RJ. Capturing labile sulfenamide and sulfinamide serum albumin adducts of carcinogenic arylamines by chemical oxidation. Anal Chem 2012; 85:1065-72. [PMID: 23240913 DOI: 10.1021/ac3028273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are a class of structurally related carcinogens that are formed during the combustion of tobacco or during the high temperature cooking of meats. These procarcinogens undergo metabolic activation by N-oxidation of the exocyclic amine group to produce N-hydroxylated metabolites, which are critical intermediates implicated in toxicity and DNA damage. The arylhydroxylamines and their oxidized arylnitroso derivatives can also react with cysteine (Cys) residues of glutathione or proteins to form, respectively, sulfenamide and sulfinamide adducts. However, sulfur-nitrogen linked adducted proteins are often difficult to detect because they are unstable and undergo hydrolysis during proteolytic digestion. Synthetic N-oxidized intermediates of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a carcinogenic HAA produced in cooked meats, and 4-aminobiphenyl, a carcinogenic aromatic amine present in tobacco smoke, were reacted with human serum albumin (SA) and formed labile sulfenamide or sulfinamide adducts at the Cys(34) residue. Oxidation of the carcinogen-modified SA with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) produced the arylsulfonamide adducts, which were stable to heat and the chemical reduction conditions employed to denature SA. The sulfonamide adducts of PhIP and 4-ABP were identified, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, in proteolytic digests of denatured SA. Thus, selective oxidation of arylamine-modified SA produces stable arylsulfonamide-SA adducts, which may serve as biomarkers of these tobacco and dietary carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Peng
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA
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Chen HJC, Chen YC. Reactive nitrogen oxide species-induced post-translational modifications in human hemoglobin and the association with cigarette smoking. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7881-90. [PMID: 22958097 DOI: 10.1021/ac301597r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for normal physiology, but excessive production of NO during inflammatory processes can damage the neighboring tissues. Reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOx), including peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), are powerful nitrating agents. Biological protein nitration is involved in several disease states, including inflammatory diseases, and it is evident by detection of 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) in inflamed tissues. In this study, we identified peroxynitrite-induced post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human hemoglobin by accurate mass measurement as well as by the MS(2) and MS(3) spectra. Nitration on Tyr-24, Tyr-42 (α-globin), and Tyr-130 (β-globin) as well as nitrosation on Tyr-24 (α-globin) were identified. Also characterized were oxidation of all three methionine residues, α-Met-32, α-Met-76, and β-Met-55 to the sulfoxide, as well as cysteine oxidation determined as sulfinic acid on α-Cys-104 and sulfonic acid on α-Cys-104, β-Cys-93, and β-Cys-112. These modifications are detected in hemoglobin freshly isolated from human blood and the extents of modifications were semiquantified relative to the reference peptides by nanoflow liquid chromatography-nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS) under the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between cigarette smoking and the extents of tyrosine nitration at α-Tyr-24 and at α-Tyr-42. To our knowledge, this is the first report on identification and quantification of multiple PTMs in hemoglobin from human blood and association of a specific 3NT-containing peptide with cigarette smoking. This highly sensitive and specific assay only requires hemoglobin isolated from one drop (∼10 μL) of blood. Thus, measurement of these PTMs in hemoglobin might be feasible for assessing nitrative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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Nwe K, Milenic D, Bryant LH, Regino CAS, Brechbiel MW. Preparation, characterization and in vivo assessment of Gd-albumin and Gd-dendrimer conjugates as intravascular contrast-enhancing agents for MRI. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:722-7. [PMID: 21463567 PMCID: PMC3081896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report in vivo and in vitro MRI properties of six gadolinium-dendrimer and gadolinium-albumin conjugates of derivatized acyclic diethylenetriamine-N,N',N',N″, N″-pentaacetic acid (1B4M) and macrocyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (C-DOTA). The three albumin-based agents have comparable protein to chelate ratios (1:16-18) as well as molar relaxivity (8.8-10.4 mM(-1) s(-1)). The three dendrimer based agents have blood clearance half-lives ranging from 17 to 66 min while that of the three albumin-based agents are comparable to one another (40-47 min). The dynamic image obtained from use of the albumin conjugate based on the macrocycle (C-DOTA) showed a higher contrast compared to the remaining two albumin based agents. Our conclusion from all of the results is that the macrocyclic-based (DOTA) agents are more suitable than the acyclic-based (1B4M) agent for in vivo use based on their MRI properties combined with the kinetic inertness property associated with the more stable Gd(III) DOTA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kido Nwe
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Diane Milenic
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - L. Henry Bryant
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research (CC), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Celeste A. S. Regino
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Regan SL, Maggs JL, Hammond TG, Lambert C, Williams DP, Park BK. Acyl glucuronides: the good, the bad and the ugly. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 31:367-95. [PMID: 20830700 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronidation is the major metabolic conjugation reaction of most carboxylic acid drugs in mammals. The physiological consequences of this biotransformation have been investigated incompletely but include effects on drug metabolism, protein binding, distribution and clearance that impact upon pharmacological and toxicological outcomes. In marked contrast, the exceptional but widely disparate chemical reactivity of acyl glucuronides has attracted far greater attention. Specifically, the complex transacylation and glycation reactions with proteins have provoked much inconclusive debate over the safety of drugs metabolised to acyl glucuronides. It has been hypothesised that these covalent modifications could initiate idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. However, despite a large body of in vitro data on the reactions of acyl glucuronides with protein, evidence for adduct formation from acyl glucuronides in vivo is limited and potentially ambiguous. The causal connection of protein adduction to adverse drug reactions remains uncertain. This review has assessed the intrinsic reactivity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of acyl glucuronides in the context of physiological, pharmacological and toxicological perspectives. Although numerous experiments have characterised the reactions of acyl glucuronides with proteins, these might be attenuated substantially in vivo by rapid clearance of the conjugates. Consequently, to delineate a relationship between acyl glucuronide formation and toxicological phenomena, detailed pharmacokinetic analysis of systemic exposure to the acyl glucuronide should be undertaken adjacent to determining protein adduct concentrations in vivo. Further investigation is required to ascertain whether acyl glucuronide clearance is sufficient to prevent covalent modification of endogenous proteins and consequentially a potential immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Regan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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Bumb A, Brechbiel MW, Choyke P. Macromolecular and dendrimer-based magnetic resonance contrast agents. Acta Radiol 2010; 51:751-67. [PMID: 20590365 DOI: 10.3109/02841851.2010.491091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality that can provide an assessment of function or molecular expression in tandem with anatomic detail. Over the last 20-25 years, a number of gadolinium-based MR contrast agents have been developed to enhance signal by altering proton relaxation properties. This review explores a range of these agents from small molecule chelates, such as Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA, to macromolecular structures composed of albumin, polylysine, polysaccharides (dextran, inulin, starch), poly(ethylene glycol), copolymers of cystamine and cystine with GD-DTPA, and various dendritic structures based on polyamidoamine and polylysine (Gadomers). The synthesis, structure, biodistribution, and targeting of dendrimer-based MR contrast agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Roll GR, Willenbring H. Transplanted nonviable human hepatocytes produce appreciable serum albumin levels in mice. Stem Cell Res 2010; 5:267-70. [PMID: 20829142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models of liver cell therapy serum human albumin levels are universally measured as a marker for the engraftment and function of transplanted human hepatocytes, or hepatocyte-like cells derived from human stem cells. However, even the most efficient cell transplantation protocols encounter a significant amount of graft cell death. If albumin released from dying cells could be detected for prolonged periods of time in the serum of the recipient, it may misleadingly suggest engraftment and function of the transplanted cells. While a half-life of approximately 20 days of human albumin in humans is established, the duration of its detectability in mice is unknown. Here we show that human albumin is readily detectable in the serum of mice injected with nonviable human hepatocytes. Human albumin levels peak 24h after injection of hepatocyte debris, and remain detectable at significant levels for at least 8 days. Our finding suggests that long-term, or in situ, analyses are needed to prove functional engraftment of human primary or stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Roll
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Preβ1-HDL is elevated in the fasting state, but markedly reduced postprandially in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 401:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hanyu O, Miida T, Kosuge K, Ito T, Soda S, Hirayama S, Wardaningsih E, Fueki Y, Obayashi K, Aizawa Y. Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass is a practical marker of insulin resistance in ambulatory type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 384:118-23. [PMID: 17651713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. LPL in the preheparin serum (Pr-LPL) mass reflects the insulin sensitivity of diabetic patients (DM) receiving neither insulin nor hypoglycemic agents. METHODS To determine whether Pr-LPL mass is a marker of insulin resistance in ambulatory type 2 DM receiving oral hypoglycemic agents, we measured Pr-LPL mass using an enzyme immunoassay in 107 ambulatory DM aged 64.9+/-11.5 y. RESULTS Pr-LPL mass was inversely correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.363, p<0.001), insulin (-0.351, p<0.001), and lnTG (-0.402, p<0.001), and was positively correlated with HDL-C (0.471, p<0.001). The correlation between Pr-LPL mass and HOMA-IR was equally strong in men and women. Despite medications, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome were associated with low Pr-LPL mass. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was the strongest predictor of Pr-LPL mass. Pr-LPL mass remained constant from 07:30 to 17:30 h. CONCLUSIONS Pr-LPL mass is a marker of insulin resistance in ambulatory type 2 DM receiving oral hypoglycemic agents, and Pr-LPL mass is stable during the daytime. Therefore, Pr-LPL mass may be more useful than HOMA-IR at diabetes clinics, especially for patients in the postprandial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hanyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Kosuge K, Miida T, Takahashi A, Obayashi K, Ito M, Ito T, Soda S, Ozaki K, Hirayama S, Hanyu O, Aizawa Y, Nakamura Y. Estimating the fasting triglyceride concentration from the postprandial HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein CIII concentrations. Atherosclerosis 2006; 184:413-9. [PMID: 16024022 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the fasting state, the triglyceride (TG) concentration is correlated significantly with the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) concentrations. A postprandial change is evident in TG, but negligible in HDL-C and apoCIII. We investigated whether the fasting TG concentration could be estimated from the postprandial HDL-C and apoCIII concentrations. We measured the TG, HDL-C, and apoCIII concentrations at seven points a day in 58 inpatients. Multiple regression analysis showed that the actual fasting TG concentration was strongly correlated with the TG concentration estimated from the fasting HDL-C and apoCIII concentrations (ln[TG](fasting)=0.0140[apoCIII](fasting)-0.724[HDL-C](fasting)-0.142, r=0.852, p<0.001). This equation was also fit to the fasting data from 163 outpatients (r=0.883, p<0.001). Although the TG concentration increased by up to 28.2%, the HDL-C and apoCIII concentrations changed little during the day. When we substituted the postprandial HDL-C and apoCIII concentrations for the respective fasting values in this equation, there were still strong positive correlations (r=0.794-0.840) between the actual and estimated fasting TG concentrations throughout the day. In conclusion, the fasting TG concentration can be estimated from the postprandial HDL-C and apoCIII concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Kosuge
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Developments, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Rasmussen JK, Gleason RM, Milbrath DS, Rasmussen RL. Derivatization of Azlactone-Functional Supports with Small Ligands. Strategies for Control of Ligand Density. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0402867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerald K. Rasmussen
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories, 3M, 3M Center, 201-2N-20, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144
| | - Raymond M. Gleason
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories, 3M, 3M Center, 201-2N-20, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144
| | - Dean S. Milbrath
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories, 3M, 3M Center, 201-2N-20, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144
| | - Robin L. Rasmussen
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories, 3M, 3M Center, 201-2N-20, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144
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Borlak J, Dangers M, Thum T. Aroclor 1254 modulates gene expression of nuclear transcription factors: implications for albumin gene transcription and protein synthesis in rat hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 181:79-88. [PMID: 12051991 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may lead to increased albumin serum levels, but little is known about the underlying events. Certain PCBs are also ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and this receptor regulates transcriptional activation of many different genes, including CYP1A1. We tested our hypothesis that expression of certain nuclear transcription factors is altered upon treatment of rat hepatocyte cultures with Aroclor 1254 and we studied the gene expression of albumin and liver-enriched transcription factors simultaneously. We correlate albumin gene expression with protein synthesis and we used CYP1A1 gene expression and enzyme activity as a surrogate endpoint for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. We found mRNA transcripts of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and gamma, hepatic nuclear factor 1, and hepatic nuclear factor 4 to be increased up to 62-fold, whereas albumin gene expression and secretion was increased 3-fold. Noticeably, expression of c-fos, c-jun (AP-1), HNF-6, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta and delta, tissue-specific enhancer-1, Ah-receptor, and albumin D-site-binding protein was unchanged. We show coordinate albumin gene expression and protein secretion in primary rat hepatocyte cultures and propose a relationship between induction of certain liver-enriched transcription factors and of the albumin gene via an Ahr-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Borlak
- Center for Drug Research and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Germany.
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Tayyab S, Paliwal P, Khan MM. Modulation in the photosensitivity of albumin-bound bilirubin. Int J Biol Macromol 2001; 29:267-71. [PMID: 11718823 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(01)00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of BR-albumin complexes to visible light at pH 8.0 led to a change in the fluorescence intensity at 525 nm, which was found to be different for different serum albumins. Whereas a complex of BR with human serum albumin (HSA) showed a marked increase in fluorescence upon photoirradiation, BR-sheep serum albumin (SSA) complex failed to produce a marked increase. On the other hand, a complex of pig serum albumin (PSA) with BR produced a remarkable decrease in fluorescence upon photoirradiation. Equilibration of these complexes with approximately 20 mM chloroform for 1 h resulted in alteration in the photoinduced fluorescence. These photoinduced fluorescence modulations were found to be concentration dependent. Photoirradiation of BR-HSA complex led to a significant decrease in the positive CDCEs of the bisignate CD spectra in a time dependent manner that can be reconciled, to a significant extent, in the presence of chloroform. Taken together, all these results suggest that chiroptical properties/stability of albumin-bound BR varies with albumin species, protein concentration and the presence of chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tayyab
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, UP, Aligarh, India.
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Jiao K, Mandapati S, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Wishnok JS. Site-Selective Nitration of Tyrosine in Human Serum Albumin by Peroxynitrite. Anal Biochem 2001; 293:43-52. [PMID: 11373077 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite, which is formed in biological systems by the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide anion, is a highly reactive molecule that can lead to cell injury or cell death. Reactions of peroxynitrite under physiological conditions include nitration of tyrosine-containing proteins or peptides, and we have been investigating the behavior of human serum albumin following exposure to peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite, at relative concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 50 with respect to protein, was added to human serum albumin in buffer at pH 7.2. The resulting mixtures were dialyzed to remove small molecules, dried under vacuum, and then digested with trypsin. The digests were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 230 and 354 nm, the latter wavelength being selective for nitrotyrosine. At the higher relative concentrations of peroxynitrite, the 354-nm chromatograms contained a large number of peaks, including at least nine with molecular weights corresponding to nitration of nominal tryptic peptides. Following treatment with the lower relative concentrations of peroxynitrite, however, the 354-nm chromatograms were dominated by only two nitrated peptides; these were identified by comparison of LC retention times and collision-induced decomposition mass spectra as nitro-Y(411)TK(413) and nitro-Y(138)LYEIAR(144). Each of these tyrosines resides in a known reactive site within the protein, i.e., subdomains IIIA and IB, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jiao
- Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Khan MM, Tayyab S. On the modulation of photoinduced fluorescence enhancement and conformational stability of albumin-bound bilirubin: effect of epsilon-NH(2) groups blocking and chloroform binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1523:147-53. [PMID: 11042378 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced fluorescence enhancement of bilirubin bound to primary binding site on human serum albumin (HSA) was completely ceased when epsilon-NH(2) groups of its internal lysine residues were covalently blocked by acetylation or succinylation though the pigment bound to these derivatives in a folded conformation akin to that bound to HSA. These photoinduced fluorescence modulations cannot be ascribed to the binding of bilirubin to secondary low affinity sites as the CD spectrum of bilirubin bound to these derivatives showed complete inversion upon addition of chloroform which binds to subdomain IIA in HSA where high affinity bilirubin binding site is located. Presence of chloroform reconciled the photoinduced alterations in the CD spectrum observed in its absence, suggesting that chloroform stabilized the bound ligand against light but the fluorescence properties of bilirubin complexed with acetylated or succinylated derivatives remained unchanged. Guanidination of internal epsilon-NH(2) groups in HSA by O-methylisourea did not alter the spectral properties of the bound ligand. These results suggest that salt linkage(s) existing between epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine residues in HSA and carboxyl groups of bilirubin, act(s) as a potential barrier during conformational rotation of the bound ligand assisted by photoactivation and their abolishment can alter its dynamics and stereoselectivity, a hitherto unnoticed implication of salt linkage(s) in BR-HSA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Aligarh, India
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46
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Pozsgay V. Synthesis of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Shigella dysenteriae Type 1. J Org Chem 1998; 63:5983-5999. [PMID: 11672203 DOI: 10.1021/jo980660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of a hexadecasaccharide and smaller fragments corresponding to one-four repeating units of the O-specific polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 are reported in a reactive aglycon-linked from. Two tetrasaccharide donor/acceptor repeating units were assembled from monosaccharide precursors in a stepwise fashion and used in a linear, iterative manner to construct the higher-membered saccharides using Schmidt's glycosylation technique that proved superior to others tested. Single-point attachment of the saccharides to human serum albumin, using a secondary heterobifunctional spacer, afforded a range of glycoconjugates for a detailed evaluation of their immunological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Pozsgay
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. MSC 2720, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2720
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Control of the thermal reaction of a photochromic spirobenzopyran by the enzyme-like activity of albumins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Sontum PC, Christiansen C. Photon correlation spectroscopy applied to characterisation of denaturation and thermal stability of human albumin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 16:295-302. [PMID: 9408847 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Photon correlation spectroscopy and light absorption measurements have been applied for characterisation of denaturation kinetics and thermal stability of human albumin in solution. The hydrodynamic size of the molecules has been studied as a function of pH, and the denaturation rate of ten different lots of 5% (w/v) human albumin solution has been measured at various temperatures. In the native (pH 7) state, the hydrodynamic molecular diameter was found to 6.3 nm. The molecular size was relatively stable between pH 10 and 5, but increased with decreasing pH to approximately 20 nm at pH 3. The denaturation rate, measured as change in hydrodynamic diameter per min, was strongly dependent on temperature and increased 3-fold per degree in the 73-75 degrees C range. The investigated lots of albumin solution showed large variations in stability at 74 degrees C, with denaturation rates ranging from 10 to 100 nm min-1. The observed thermal stability for the lots investigated was ranked identically with both the employed techniques. In an effort to explain the observed lot to lot variations in denaturation rate, a broad chemical characterisation including determination of free SH content, fatty acid content and composition and metal content, was performed. However, lot to lot variations in these parameters was not found to fully elucidate the observed variations in thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Sontum
- Research and Development Section, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway
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Keenan J, Dooley M, Pearson D, Clynes M. Recombinant Human Albumin in Cell Culture: Evaluation of Growth-Promoting Potential for NRK and SCC-9 Cells In Vitro. Cytotechnology 1997; 24:243-52. [PMID: 22358768 PMCID: PMC3449618 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007916930200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum-derived albumin has for a long time been used in cell culture media, but the exact role of albumin and/or impurities bound to albumin has not been precisely defined. In this study, recombinant human albumin was evaluated for its growth-promoting activity on two cell lines, NRK and SCC-9. For NRK cells, the recombinant human albumin was found to exert an inhibitory effect. The fact that fatty acid free HSA was also inhibitory while HSA fraction V was stimulatory suggested a role for fatty acids or some other bound moieties in growth stimulation by HSA fraction V. Addition of oleic acid, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine or a combination of these lipids, however, did not significantly improve the growth stimulating activity of either fatty acid free HSA or the recombinant human albumin. For SCC-9 cells, both recombinant human albumin and fatty acid free HSA showed slight stimulation (although they were not as active as HSA fraction V), suggesting that in some cell systems, the albumin molecule per se may promote cell growth and survival.
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50
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Verbeke KA, Schiepers CW, Wyndaele DN, Baetens JA, Verbeke GN, De Roo MJ, Verbruggen AM. Development and evaluation of a kit formulation for the preparation of 99mTc-DMP-HSA, a new tracer agent for radionuclide ventriculography. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:571-8. [PMID: 9316087 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the development of a kit formulation for the preparation of 99mTc-DMP-HSA, followed by a comparison of such kit-prepared 99mTc-DMP-HSA to 99mTc-RBCs in a volunteer. Reconstitution of the labeling kits with up to 5.55 GBq 99mTc afforded 99mTc-DMP-HSA preparations with a > 95% radiochemical purity for up to 8 h. Only minor differences were observed in the global distribution of both tracer agents, whereas the calculated ejection fractions were almost identical. The effective dose equivalent of 99mTc-DMP-HSA is 8.68 microSv/MBq.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Verbeke
- Laboratory of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
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