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Chia J, Louber J, Glauser I, Taylor S, Bass GT, Dower SK, Gleeson PA, Verhagen AM. Half-life-extended recombinant coagulation factor IX-albumin fusion protein is recycled via the FcRn-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523681 PMCID: PMC5925791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has a pivotal role in albumin and IgG homeostasis. Internalized IgG captured by FcRn under acidic endosomal conditions is recycled to the cell surface where exocytosis and a shift to neutral pH promote extracellular IgG release. Although a similar mechanism is proposed for FcRn-mediated albumin intracellular trafficking and recycling, this pathway is less well defined but is relevant to the development of therapeutics exploiting FcRn to extend the half-life of short-lived plasma proteins. Recently, a long-acting recombinant coagulation factor IX–albumin fusion protein (rIX-FP) has been approved for the management of hemophilia B. Fusion to albumin potentially enables internalized proteins to engage FcRn and escape lysosomal degradation. In this study, we present for the first time a detailed investigation of the FcRn-mediated recycling of albumin and the albumin fusion protein rIX-FP. We demonstrate that following internalization via FcRn at low pH, rIX-FP, like albumin, is detectable within the early endosome and rapidly (within 10–15 min) traffics into the Rab11+ recycling endosomes, from where it is exported from the cell. Similarly, rIX-FP and albumin taken up by fluid-phase endocytosis at physiological pH traffics into the Rab11+ recycling compartment in FcRn-positive cells but into the lysosomal compartment in FcRn-negative cells. As expected, recombinant factor IX (without albumin fusion) and an FcRn interaction–defective albumin variant localized to the lysosomal compartments of both FcRn-expressing and nonexpressing cells. These results indicate that FcRn-mediated recycling via the albumin moiety is a mechanism for the half-life extension of rIX-FP observed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Chia
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jade Louber
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Isabelle Glauser
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shirley Taylor
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg T Bass
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steve K Dower
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Anne M Verhagen
- From the CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,
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Abstract
A comparative study of some ‘kit’ radiometric procedures for the determination of thyroxine in serum is reported. Four manufacturers' competitive-binding reagents and methods—three incorporating prior extraction and one employing column elution—are examined. Considerable discrepancies exist between the manufacturers' ‘standards’ which, in the main, account for the differences in results obtained by the different methods. Other deficiencies include susceptibility to metal ion interference, variation (up to 8%) in thyroxine extraction and non-specific, i.e. ‘mimic T-4’, measurement. Radio-ligand reagent ‘kits’ need to be critically assessed before being used routinely. Separation of hypo-and hyperthyroid from euthyroid patients is achieved as well with some competitive protein-binding T-4 methods as with serum PBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Watson
- Area Laboratory, King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor
| | - S. Lees
- Area Laboratory, King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor
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Lines JG, Raine DN. Refractometric Determination of Serum Protein Concentration. II. Comparison with Biuret and Kjeldahl Determinations. Ann Clin Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/000456327000700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Lines
- Biochemistry Dept., The Children's Hospital, Birmingham 16 1968
| | - D. N. Raine
- Biochemistry Dept., The Children's Hospital, Birmingham 16 1968
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Rath T, Baker K, Dumont JA, Peters RT, Jiang H, Qiao SW, Lencer WI, Pierce GF, Blumberg RS. Fc-fusion proteins and FcRn: structural insights for longer-lasting and more effective therapeutics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 35:235-54. [PMID: 24156398 PMCID: PMC4876602 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.834293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 350 IgG-based therapeutics are approved for clinical use or are under development for many diseases lacking adequate treatment options. These include molecularly engineered biologicals comprising the IgG Fc-domain fused to various effector molecules (so-called Fc-fusion proteins) that confer the advantages of IgG, including binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) to facilitate in vivo stability, and the therapeutic benefit of the specific effector functions. Advances in IgG structure-function relationships and an understanding of FcRn biology have provided therapeutic opportunities for previously unapproachable diseases. This article discusses approved Fc-fusion therapeutics, novel Fc-fusion proteins and FcRn-dependent delivery approaches in development, and how engineering of the FcRn-Fc interaction can generate longer-lasting and more effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wayne I. Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Eyre-Brook SN, Smith MP. Recombinant factor VIII Fc (Biogen/Swedish Orphan Biovitrium) for the treatment of hemophilia A. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.955793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Watanabe A, Matsuzaki S, Moriwaki H, Suzuki K, Nishiguchi S. Problems in serum albumin measurement and clinical significance of albumin microheterogeneity in cirrhotics. Nutrition 2005; 20:351-7. [PMID: 15043850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify problems with the determination of serum albumin levels, the definition of hypoalbuminemia, and the implications of microheterogeneity of albumin, serum albumin was measured by using dye-binding methods and the authentic method (immunoassay) in patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects. METHODS We enrolled 103 patients with liver cirrhosis and 36 healthy subjects. Serum albumin levels were analyzed by immunoassay and the bromcresol green and bromcresol purple methods. Oxidized albumin and glycoalbumin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In cirrhotic patients, serum albumin levels measured by the bromcresol green method was about 0.2 g/dL higher than that by immunoassay. Serum albumin levels measured by the bromcresol purple method also was higher in cirrhotic patients than those measured by immunoassay and varied widely. In addition, extensive variation was found across serum albumin levels determined by the bromcresol green method at individual institutions (five university hospitals) and those determined by immunoassay at a contract laboratory. The percentages of oxidized albumin and glycoalbumin within total serum albumin increased with progression of liver disease. Further, an increase in oxidized albumin led to an increase in the albumin level as measured by the bromcresol purple method. CONCLUSION These results show that adequate assessment of the pathophysiology and prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis and the efficacy of treatment is not possible with dye-binding methods for determination of serum albumin. Further, the conventional definition of hypoalbuminemia as a serum albumin level of 3.5 g/dL or lower should be reconsidered, and the clinical implications of qualitative changes in albumin should be investigated in consideration of the microheterogeneity of albumin, such as oxidized albumin and glycoalbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Watanabe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of lipolytic enzymes and liberated fatty acids in ethiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) has been implicated. AIM To analyze the level of FFA in the patients with AP in relation to severity of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 36 patients with acute edematous AP (group I), 29 patients with necrotizing AP: 16 without (group IIA) and 13 with complications (group IIB), and 12 control subjects. Serum levels of total FFA (by enzymatic method) and the individual fatty acids of the FFA pool (by gas-liquid chromatography) were measured during the first 4 days after admission. RESULTS A significant increase in the mean total serum FFA was noted for all the groups with the highest values on admission (p < 0.02-0.01). The per cent contribution was significantly higher as compared to control group for oleic acid (group I, p < 0.02, group IIA, p < 0.05, group IIB, p < 0.005), linoleic acid (group IIB, p < 0.02) and arachidonic acid (group IIA, p < 0.05, group IIB, p < 0.02). Significantly lower percentage was noted for stearic acid (all three groups: p < 0.01, p < 0.005, p < 0.01, respectively) and for palmitic acid (only group IIB: p < 0.005). The ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower than in control group on each day of study for group IIB only (p < 0.005-p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and arachidonic, may be involved in the development of complications in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sztefko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Watanabe S, Sato T. Effects of free fatty acids on the binding of bovine and human serum albumin with steroid hormones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1289:385-96. [PMID: 8620023 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that, in addition to free steroid hormones, those bound to albumin in plasma may also be available to tissues. In this report, the effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on the binding of steroids to albumin were compared for the cases of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA). The apparent association constant, Ka, was estimated from the changes in the equilibrium partition coefficient of steroids between the aqueous/hexane phases caused by the addition of albumin to the aqueous phase. In the case of BSA, Ka for progesterone and testosterone increased upon binding of FFA (myristic, palmitic and stearic acid) to BSA and the maximum value of Ka for these steroids could be attained by 3--4 mol of FFA bound per mol BSA. Furthermore, the elution profiles of gel-filtration chromatography clearly showed that progesterone and testosterone are easily liberated from the steroid/BSA complexes and that FFA potentiates the binding of these steroids to BSA. In the case of HSA, the binding affinities of progesterone and testosterone were not greatly affected by bound FFA. On the other hand, the affinities of ethynylestradiol to both BSA and HSA were unaffected below 4 mol of FFA binding per mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Watanabe
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vega
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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New method of simultaneous and non-destructive determination of human serum albumin and globulin. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00378-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effects of processing and storage on the measurement of nitrogenous compounds in ovine blood. Small Rumin Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Watanabe S, Tani T, Watanabe S, Seno M. Effects of free fatty acids on the binding of steroid hormones to bovine serum albumin. Lipids 1990; 25:633-8. [PMID: 2079869 DOI: 10.1007/bf02536014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of binding of free fatty acids (FFA) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) on steroid hormone binding to BSA were examined. The FFA studied included myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids. The binding coefficient K was estimated from the changes in the equilibrium partition coefficient between the aqueous and the hexane phase caused by the addition to BSA to the aqueous phase. A noticeable effect of FFA binding (molar ratio FFA/BSA, 2:1) on the affinities of alpha-estradiol, ethynylestradiol and dehydroisoandrosterone to BSA was not observed: however, the affinities of progesterone, androsterone and testosterone were distinctly enhanced by FFA binding. Furthermore, the elution profiles of gel filtration chromatography clearly showed that progesterone and testosterone are easily liberated from the hormone/BSA complexes and that stronger binding of these hormones to BSA is caused by binding of FFA to BSA. The affinity of ethynylestradiol to BSA is stronger than that of progesterone and testosterone and is not affected by palmitic acid binding to BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Watanabe
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract
This publication was prepared at the invitation of the Analytical Methods Working Party of the Scientific Committee of the Association of Clinical Biochemists, but does not necessarily reflect the views of the Scientific Committee.
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Andersen KJ, Iversen BM, Skagen DW, Elsayed S. An approach for the quantitation of serum albumin utilizing the principle of protein--dye binding. Anal Biochem 1978; 89:481-6. [PMID: 727446 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Settlage DF, Nakamura RM, Davajan V, Kharma K, Mishell DR. A quantitative analysis of serum proteins during treatment with oral contraceptive steroids. Contraception 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(70)90050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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