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Yamasaki T, Kobayashi Y. Evolving dispersal ability causes rapid adaptive radiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15734. [PMID: 38977746 PMCID: PMC11231149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a long history of research since Darwin, the mechanism underlying rapid adaptive radiation remains poorly understood. All theories constructed to date require special assumptions, so none can comprehensively explain actual cases found in wide-ranging taxonomic groups. Here, we propose a simple theoretical solution to this problem. Namely, we extend the classical archipelago model of adaptive radiation into a more realistic model by adding one assumption, namely, the evolvability of dispersal ability, which is well supported empirically. Our individual-based simulations with evolvable dispersal ability showed that environmental heterogeneity among islands (or island-like habitats) led to an evolutionary decrease in dispersal ability. However, when islands are rather evenly distributed, as is often the case in actual archipelagos where adaptive radiation has been reported, the decline in dispersal ability that began in some island populations was quickly halted by the continuous influx of immigrants from other islands. The process of reduction in dispersal ability in these island populations was resumed almost synchronously when the dispersal ability began to decrease on the final island, which had maintained high dispersal ability and continued to release migrants for the longest duration. Then, a rapid loss of dispersal ability followed in all island populations. In short, the frequent simultaneous evolution of multiple allopatric incipient species was an inevitable consequence of the properties of ordinary archipelagos in our simulations. This study strongly suggests that the seemingly complex process of rapid radiation is driven by a simple mechanism of evolutionary reduction in dispersal ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamasaki
- Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1145, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, 2-22 Eikokuji-Cho, Kochi, 780-8515, Japan
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2
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Galvez JR, St John ME, McLean K, Touokong CD, Gonwouo LN, Martin CH. Trophic specialization on unique resources despite limited niche divergence in a celebrated example of sympatric speciation. ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH 2022; 31:675-692. [PMID: 36211622 PMCID: PMC9542214 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trophic niche partitioning is observed in many adaptive radiations and is hypothesized to be a central process underlying species divergence. However, patterns of dietary niche partitioning are inconsistent across radiations and there are few studies of niche partitioning in putative examples of sympatric speciation. Here, we conducted the first quantitative study of dietary niche partitioning using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses in one of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation: the cichlid radiation from crater lake Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. We found little evidence for trophic niche partitioning among cichlids, including the nine species coexisting in the narrow littoral zone. Stable isotope analyses supported these conclusions of substantial dietary overlap. Our data, however, did reveal that five of eleven species consume rare dietary items, including freshwater sponge, terrestrial ants, and nocturnal foraging on shrimp. Stomach contents of the spongivore (Pungu maclareni) were 20% freshwater sponge, notable considering that only 0.04% of all fishes consume sponges. Overall, we conclude that cichlid species in lake Barombi Mbo overlap considerably in broad dietary niches-in part due to the large proportion of detritus in the stomach contents of all species-but there is evidence for divergence among species in their diet specializations on unique resources. We speculate that these species may utilize these additional specialized resources during periods of low resource abundance in support of Liem's paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn R Galvez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle E St John
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Keara McLean
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Legrand Nono Gonwouo
- Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christopher H Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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3
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Yukilevich R, Aoki F. Evolution of choosiness dictates whether search costs of mate choice enhance speciation by sexual selection. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1045-1059. [PMID: 35830473 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of sexual selection in speciation is implicated in both empirical case studies and larger comparative works. However, sexual selection faces two major problems in driving speciation. First, because females with novel preferences search for their initially rare males, search costs are expected to curtail initial sexual divergence. Second, if these populations come back into sympatry, sexual divergence may be erased due to hybridization. A major goal is to understand which conditions increase the likelihood of overcoming these problems. Here we generated a diploid population genetic model of how female search costs and evolution of female 'choosiness' (i.e. preference strength) interact to drive speciation in allopatry and secondary contact. We studied the model using numerical simulations in the context of two different male traits, ecologically 'arbitrary' versus 'magic' traits. First, in allopatry, without female search costs only minor and fluctuating sexual isolation evolved. In contrast, with female search costs, sexual isolation was highly curtailed with arbitrary male traits but was greatly facilitated with magic traits. However, because search costs selected for reduced choosiness, sexual isolation with magic traits was eventually eroded, the rate determined by the genetic architecture of choosiness. These factors also played a key role in secondary contact; with evolvable choosiness and female search costs, pure sexual selection models collapsed upon secondary contact. However, when we added selection against hybrids (i.e. reinforcement) to this model, we found that speciation could be maintained under a wide range of conditions with arbitrary male traits, but not with magic male traits. This surprisingly suggests that arbitrary male traits are in some cases more likely to aid speciation than magic male traits. We discuss these findings and relate them to empirical literature on female choosiness within species and in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yukilevich
- Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA
| | - Fumio Aoki
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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4
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Basooma A, Nakiyende H, Olokotum M, Balirwa JS, Nkalubo W, Musinguzi L, Natugonza V. A novel index to aid in prioritizing habitats for site-based conservation. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8762. [PMID: 35356563 PMCID: PMC8956788 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Funding biodiversity conservation strategies are usually minimal, thus prioritizing habitats at high risk should be conducted. We developed and tested a conservation priority index (CPI) that ranks habitats to aid in prioritizing them for conservation. We tested the index using 1897 fish species from 273 African inland lakes and 34 countries. In the index, lake surface area, rarity, and their International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status were incorporated. We retrieved data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and IUCN data repositories. Lake Nyasa had the highest species richness (424), followed by Tanganyika (391), Nokoué (246), Victoria (216), and Ahémé (216). However, lakes Otjikoto and Giunas had the highest CPI of 137.2 and 52.1, respectively. Lakes were grouped into high priority (CPI > 0.5; n = 56) and low priority (CPI < 0.5; n = 217). The median surface area between priority classes was significantly different (W = 11,768, p < .05, effect size = 0.65). Prediction accuracy of Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for priority classes were 0.912 and 0.954, respectively. Both models exhibited lake surface area as the variable with the highest importance. CPI generally increased with a decrease in lake surface area. This was attributed to less ecological substitutability and higher exposure levels of anthropogenic stressors such as pollution to a species in smaller lakes. Also, the highest species richness per unit area was recorded for high-priority lakes. Thus, smaller habitats or lakes may be prioritized for conservation although larger waterbodies or habitats should not be ignored. The index can be customized to local, regional, and international scales as well as marine and terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Basooma
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
| | - Herbert Nakiyende
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
| | - Mark Olokotum
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
| | - John S. Balirwa
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
| | - Winnie Nkalubo
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
| | - Laban Musinguzi
- Capture Fisheries & Biodiversity Conservation ProgrammeNational Fisheries Resources Research InstituteJinjaUganda
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Markevich GN, Izvekova EI, Anisimova LA, Mugue NS, Bonk TV, Esin EV. Annual Temperatures and Dynamics of Food Availability are Associated with the Pelagic-Benthic Diversification in a Sympatric Pair of Salmonid Fish. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014719118. [PMID: 33888580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014719118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The North American tiger salamander species complex, including its best-known species, the Mexican axolotl, has long been a source of biological fascination. The complex exhibits a wide range of variation in developmental life history strategies, including populations and individuals that undergo metamorphosis; those able to forego metamorphosis and retain a larval, aquatic lifestyle (i.e., paedomorphosis); and those that do both. The evolution of a paedomorphic life history state is thought to lead to increased population genetic differentiation and ultimately reproductive isolation and speciation, but the degree to which it has shaped population- and species-level divergence is poorly understood. Using a large multilocus dataset from hundreds of samples across North America, we identified genetic clusters across the geographic range of the tiger salamander complex. These clusters often contain a mixture of paedomorphic and metamorphic taxa, indicating that geographic isolation has played a larger role in lineage divergence than paedomorphosis in this system. This conclusion is bolstered by geography-informed analyses indicating no effect of life history strategy on population genetic differentiation and by model-based population genetic analyses demonstrating gene flow between adjacent metamorphic and paedomorphic populations. This fine-scale genetic perspective on life history variation establishes a framework for understanding how plasticity, local adaptation, and gene flow contribute to lineage divergence. Many members of the tiger salamander complex are endangered, and the Mexican axolotl is an important model system in regenerative and biomedical research. Our results chart a course for more informed use of these taxa in experimental, ecological, and conservation research.
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Rometsch SJ, Torres-Dowdall J, Meyer A. Evolutionary dynamics of pre- and postzygotic reproductive isolation in cichlid fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190535. [PMID: 32654645 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes are exceptionally species-rich, speciated at explosive rates and, hence, are a model system in speciation research. Yet, their reproductive isolating barriers have, so far, not been comprehensively studied. Here, we review current knowledge on pre- and postzygotic mechanisms in cichlids. While premating isolation is the norm in cichlids, its strength varies across lineages and with the geographical setting. Moreover, manipulations of ambient conditions tended to reduce assortative mating among closely related species, suggesting that premating isolation in cichlids is often fragile and context dependent. The observed lack of complete reproductive isolation is supported by past and present hybridization events that have contributed to diversity by creating novel allelic combinations. On the other hand, our meta-analysis highlights that intrinsic postzygotic isolation might accumulate faster than assumed. Mild forms of genetic incompatibilities, such as sex ratio distortion, can already be observed among closely related species. Therefore, cessation of gene flow by strong reproductive isolation in cichlids requires a combination of premating prezygotic isolation supplemented with intrinsic and extrinsic postzygotic barriers. Further, we suggest crucial next steps to improve our knowledge about reproductive barriers in cichlids to understand the evolutionary dynamics of pre- and postzygotic isolation mechanisms during adaptive radiations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina J Rometsch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julián Torres-Dowdall
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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8
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Levin BA, Simonov E, Dgebuadze YY, Levina M, Golubtsov AS. In the rivers: Multiple adaptive radiations of cyprinid fishes (Labeobarbus) in Ethiopian Highlands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7192. [PMID: 32346059 PMCID: PMC7189375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple repeated patterns of adaptive radiation were revealed in cyprinid fish inhabiting the compact geographic region of the Ethiopian Highlands. We found four independently evolved radiations in the evolutionary hexaploid (2n = 150) Labeobarbus lineage based on matrilineal relationships of >800 individuals. Each radiation displayed similar patterns of mouth phenotype diversification, and included ecomorphs/species of the generalized, lipped, scraping (one or two), and large-mouthed (one to three) types. All radiations were detected in geographically isolated rivers, and originated from different ancestral populations. This is the first documented case in which numerous parallel radiations of fishes occurred-via different ways-in a riverine environment. Some radiations are very recent and monophyletic, while others are older and include ecomorphs that originated in separate mini flocks and later combined into one. The diversification bursts among Ethiopian Labeobarbus were detected in the mid-upper reaches of rivers (1050-1550 m above sea level), which likely offer ecological opportunities that include diverse habitats yet poor fauna (i.e. lower competition and relaxed selection). This promising example of parallel evolution of adaptive radiation warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Levin
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia. .,Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yury Y Dgebuadze
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Levina
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Alexander S Golubtsov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Marshall CR. Using the Fossil Record to Evaluate Timetree Timescales. Front Genet 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31803226 PMCID: PMC6871265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossil and geologic records provide the primary data used to established absolute timescales for timetrees. For the paleontological evaluation of proposed timetree timescales, and for node-based methods for constructing timetrees, the fossil record is used to bracket divergence times. Minimum brackets (minimum ages) can be established robustly using well-dated fossils that can be reliably assigned to lineages based on positive morphological evidence. Maximum brackets are much harder to establish, largely because it is difficult to establish definitive evidence that the absence of a taxon in the fossil record is real and not just due to the incompleteness of the fossil and rock records. Five primary methods have been developed to estimate maximum age brackets, each of which is discussed. The fact that the fossilization potential of a group typically decreases the closer one approaches its time of origin increases the challenge of estimating maximum age brackets. Additional complications arise: 1) because fossil data actually bracket the time of origin of the first relevant fossilizable morphology (apomorphy), not the divergence time itself; 2) due to the phylogenetic uncertainty in the placement of fossils; 3) because of idiosyncratic temporal and geographic gaps in the rock and fossil records; and 4) if the preservation potential of a group changed significantly during its history. In contrast, uncertainties in the absolute ages of fossils are typically relatively unimportant, even though the vast majority of fossil cannot be dated directly. These issues and relevant quantitative methods are reviewed, and their relative magnitudes assessed, which typically correlate with the age of the group, its geographic range, and species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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10
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Marques DA, Meier JI, Seehausen O. A Combinatorial View on Speciation and Adaptive Radiation. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:531-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Fronk AH, Kim LY, Craig JM, Crampton WGR, Albert JS. Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Macana Tigrina, Gymnotus javari (Gymnotidae, Gymnotiformes). COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-18-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Fronk
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504; (AHF) C00226417@louisiana. edu; and (JSA) . Send reprint requests to AHF
| | - Lesley Y. Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504; (AHF) C00226417@louisiana. edu; and (JSA) . Send reprint requests to AHF
| | - Jack M. Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504; (AHF) C00226417@louisiana. edu; and (JSA) . Send reprint requests to AHF
| | - William G. R. Crampton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Biological Sciences Bldg., 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368;
| | - James S. Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504; (AHF) C00226417@louisiana. edu; and (JSA) . Send reprint requests to AHF
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12
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Escalona Sulbarán MD, Ivo Simões P, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Castroviejo-Fisher S. Neotropical frogs and mating songs: The evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs. J Evol Biol 2018; 32:163-176. [PMID: 30481406 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. The evolution of call traits is expected to be associated with the evolution of anatomical and behavioural traits due to the physics of call emission and transmission. The evolution of vocalizations might imply trade-offs with other energetically costly behaviours, such as parental care. Here, we investigated the association between body size, calling site, parental care and call properties (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) of the advertisement calls of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae)-a family of Neotropical, leaf-dwelling anurans-using phylogenetic comparative methods. We also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits associated with body size, locomotion and feeding. We generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46% of total species richness), including representatives of all genera. We found that almost all acoustic traits have significant, but generally modest, phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body size, whereas call structure is significantly associated with calling site and paternal care. Thus, the evolution of body size, calling site and paternal care could constrain call evolution. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, indicating a historically recent outset of the acoustic divergence in this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés D Escalona Sulbarán
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo Simões
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer
- Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York
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13
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Feulner PGD, Schwarzer J, Haesler MP, Meier JI, Seehausen O. A Dense Linkage Map of Lake Victoria Cichlids Improved the Pundamilia Genome Assembly and Revealed a Major QTL for Sex-Determination. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:2411-2420. [PMID: 29760203 PMCID: PMC6027883 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic linkage maps are essential for comparative genomics, high quality genome sequence assembly and fine scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. In the present study we identified and genotyped markers via restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and constructed a genetic linkage map based on 1,597 SNP markers of an interspecific F2 cross of two closely related Lake Victoria cichlids (Pundamilia pundamilia and P sp. 'red head'). The SNP markers were distributed on 22 linkage groups and the total map size was 1,594 cM with an average marker distance of 1.01 cM. This high-resolution genetic linkage map was used to anchor the scaffolds of the Pundamilia genome and estimate recombination rates along the genome. Via QTL mapping we identified a major QTL for sex in a ∼1.9 Mb region on Pun-LG10, which is homologous to Oreochromis niloticus LG 23 (Ore-LG23) and includes a well-known vertebrate sex-determination gene (amh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Switzerland
| | - Julia Schwarzer
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Switzerland
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel P Haesler
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Switzerland
| | - Joana I Meier
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Switzerland
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14
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Wilkins MR, Karaardıç H, Vortman Y, Parchman TL, Albrecht T, Petrželková A, Özkan L, Pap PL, Hubbard JK, Hund AK, Safran RJ. Phenotypic differentiation is associated with divergent sexual selection among closely related barn swallow populations. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2410-2421. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Wilkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - H. Karaardıç
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
- Elementary Science Education Department Education Faculty Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Turkey
| | - Y. Vortman
- Department of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences Hula Research Center Tel‐Hai College Tel‐Hai Israel
| | | | - T. Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Ecology Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. Petrželková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Ecology Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - L. Özkan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management Faculty of Forestry Düzce University Düzce Turkey
| | - P. L. Pap
- Evolutionary Ecology Group Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - J. K. Hubbard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - A. K. Hund
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - R. J. Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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15
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Husemann M, Nguyen R, Ding B, Danley PD. A genetic demographic analysis of Lake Malawi rock-dwelling cichlids using spatio-temporal sampling. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2686-701. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Husemann
- Biology Department; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97388 Waco TX 76798 USA
- Department of General Zoology; Institute of Biology; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Hoher Weg 8 Halle (Saale) D-06120 Germany
| | - Rachel Nguyen
- Biology Department; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97388 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Baoqing Ding
- Biology Department; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97388 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Patrick D. Danley
- Biology Department; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97388 Waco TX 76798 USA
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16
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Henning F, Lee HJ, Franchini P, Meyer A. Genetic mapping of horizontal stripes in Lake Victoria cichlid fishes: benefits and pitfalls of using RAD markers for dense linkage mapping. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5224-40. [PMID: 25039588 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The genetic dissection of naturally occurring phenotypes sheds light on many fundamental and longstanding questions in speciation and adaptation and is a central research topic in evolutionary biology. Until recently, forward-genetic approaches were virtually impossible to apply to nonmodel organisms, but the development of next-generation sequencing techniques eases this difficulty. Here, we use the ddRAD-seq method to map a colour trait with a known adaptive function in cichlid fishes, well-known textbook examples for rapid rates of speciation and astonishing phenotypic diversification. A suite of phenotypic key innovations is related to speciation and adaptation in cichlids, among which body coloration features prominently. The focal trait of this study, horizontal stripes, evolved in parallel in several cichlid radiations and is associated with piscivorous foraging behaviour. We conducted interspecific crosses between Haplochromis sauvagei and H. nyererei and constructed a linkage map with 867 SNP markers distributed on 22 linkage groups and total size of 1130.63 cM. Lateral stripes are inherited as a Mendelian trait and map to a single genomic interval that harbours a paralog of a gene with known function in stripe patterning. Dorsolateral and mid-lateral stripes were always coinherited and are thus under the same genetic control. Additionally, we directly quantify the genotyping error rates in RAD markers and offer guidelines for identifying and dealing with errors. Uncritical marker selection was found to severely impact linkage map construction. Fortunately, by applying appropriate quality control steps, a genotyping accuracy of >99.9% can be reached, thus allowing for efficient linkage mapping of evolutionarily relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Henning
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
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17
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Magalhaes IS, Croft GE, Joyce DA. Altering an extended phenotype reduces intraspecific male aggression and can maintain diversity in cichlid fish. PeerJ 2013; 1:e209. [PMID: 24349896 PMCID: PMC3845871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced male aggression towards different phenotypes generating negative frequency-dependent intrasexual selection has been suggested as a mechanism to facilitate the invasion and maintenance of novel phenotypes in a population. To date, the best empirical evidence for the phenomenon has been provided by laboratory studies on cichlid fish with different colour polymorphisms. Here we experimentally tested the hypothesis in a natural population of Lake Malawi cichlid fish, in which males build sand-castles (bowers) to attract females during seasonal leks. We predicted that if bower shape plays an important role in male aggressive interactions, aggression among conspecific males should decrease when their bower shape is altered. Accordingly, we allocated randomly chosen bowers in a Nyassachromis cf. microcephalus lek into three treatments: control, manipulated to a different shape, and simulated manipulation. We then measured male behaviours and bower shape before and after these treatments. We found that once bower shape was altered, males were involved in significantly fewer aggressive interactions with conspecific males than before manipulation. Mating success was not affected. Our results support the idea that an extended phenotype, such as bower shape, can be important in maintaining polymorphic populations. Specifically, reduced male conspecific aggression towards males with different extended phenotypes (here, bower shapes) may cause negative frequency-dependent selection, allowing the invasion and establishment of a new phenotype (bower builder). This could help our understanding of mechanisms of diversification within populations, and in particular, the overall diversification of bower shapes within Lake Malawi cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Santos Magalhaes
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Hull , UK ; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Guy E Croft
- Petersfield House, Dog Kennel Lane, Hadlow Down , East Sussex , UK
| | - Domino A Joyce
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Hull , UK
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18
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Egger B, Sefc KM, Makasa L, Sturmbauer C, Salzburger W. Introgressive hybridization between color morphs in a population of cichlid fishes twelve years after human-induced secondary admixis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:515-22. [PMID: 22563125 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the extremely species-rich haplochromine cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes, prezygotic isolation between closely related species is often maintained by color-assortative mating. In 1998, local fisherman working for the ornamental fish trade released different color morphs of the cichlid genus Tropheus into a small harbor basin in the southern part of Lake Tanganyika. This artificial amalgamation of color morphs provides a unique possibility to study mating patterns in cichlids in a natural environment over time. In a precursor study, we analyzed genotypes and phenotypes of almost 500 individuals sampled between 1999 and 2001 and uncovered a marked degree of color-assortative mating, which depended on the level of color pattern dissimilarity between morphs. Twelve years after introduction of nonindigenous morphs, we again sampled Tropheus individuals from the harbor basin and an adjacent, originally pure population and analyzed phenotypes (coloration) and genotypes (mitochondrial control region and 9 microsatellite loci) to assess the current status of the admixed population. Principal component analyses of color score data and population assignment tests demonstrate an increasing level of introgressive hybridization between morphs but also some ongoing color-assortative mating within morphs. The observed mating pattern might have been influenced by fluctuating environmental conditions such as periodic algal blooms or increased sedimentation causing turbid conditions in an otherwise clear lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Egger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Dijkstra PD, Verzijden MN, Groothuis TGG, Hofmann HA. Divergent hormonal responses to social competition in closely related species of haplochromine cichlid fish. Horm Behav 2012; 61:518-26. [PMID: 22289206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The diverse cichlid species flocks of the East African lakes provide a classical example of adaptive radiation. Territorial aggression is thought to influence the evolution of phenotypic diversity in this system. Most vertebrates mount hormonal (androgen, glucocorticoid) responses to a territorial challenge. These hormones, in turn, influence behavior and multiple aspects of physiology and morphology. Examining variation in competition-induced hormone secretion patterns is thus fundamental to an understanding of the mechanisms of phenotypic diversification. We test here the hypothesis that diversification in male aggression has been accompanied by differentiation in steroid hormone levels. We studied two pairs of sibling species from Lake Victoria belonging to the genera Pundamilia and Mbipia. The two genera are ecologically differentiated, while sibling species pairs differ mainly in male color patterns. We found that aggression directed toward conspecific males varied between species and across genera: Pundamilia nyererei males were more aggressive than Pundamilia pundamilia males, and Mbipia mbipi males were more aggressive than Mbipia lutea males. Males of both genera exhibited comparable attack rates during acute exposure to a novel conspecific intruder, while Mbipia males were more aggressive than Pundamilia males during continuous exposure to a conspecific rival, consistent with the genus difference in feeding ecology. Variation in aggressiveness between genera, but not between sibling species, was reflected in androgen levels. We further found that M. mbipi displayed lower levels of cortisol than M. lutea. Our results suggest that concerted divergence in hormones and behavior might play an important role in the rapid speciation of cichlid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Dijkstra
- The University of Texas at Austin, Section of Integrative Biology, 1 University Station-C0930, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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20
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RUNEMARK ANNA, SVENSSON ERIKI. Sexual selection as a promoter of population divergence in male phenotypic characters: a study on mainland and islet lizard populations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Steinwender B, Koblmüller S, Sefc KM. Concordant female mate preferences in the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2012; 682:121-130. [PMID: 24293682 PMCID: PMC3841713 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-011-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Discriminating female mate preferences enhance the variance in reproductive success among males of a population and create a potential for sexual selection, which can account for trait evolution and diversification. Fish color patterns are among the prime targets of mate choice-driven sexual selection. Populations of the cichlid Tropheus from Lake Tanganyika display remarkable geographic color pattern variation, but the role of female choice in their rapid and rich phenotypic diversification is unclear. Males and females establish a pair bond prior to spawning monogamously, but as brood care is strictly maternal, female investment in reproduction is high and the operational sex ratio is male-biased. Therefore, variance in male reproductive success can accrue if individual males succeed repeatedly in securing a mate. To test this prediction in the red colored Tropheus moorii "Chimba", four pairs of males were presented to a series of females and female mate preferences were inferred from pairwise interactions. There was a significant difference in mating success between the males of each pair (P < 0.001 over all trials), as-with one exception-females shared preferences for the same males. Male courtship activity was strongly correlated with female choice. Our experiment suggests that female choice contributes to the variance in male reproductive success in the tested population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Steinwender
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Department of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Odhiambo EA, Mautner SI, Bock O, Sturmbauer C. Genetic distinction of four haplochromine cichlid fish species in a satellite lake of Lake Victoria, East Africa. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Gonzalez-Voyer A, Kolm N. Rates of phenotypic evolution of ecological characters and sexual traits during the Tanganyikan cichlid adaptive radiation. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2378-88. [PMID: 21848985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Theory suggests that sexual traits evolve faster than ecological characters. However, characteristics of a species niche may also influence evolution of sexual traits. Hence, a pending question is whether ecological characters and sexual traits present similar tempo and mode of evolution during periods of rapid ecological divergence, such as adaptive radiation. Here, we use recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods to analyse the temporal dynamics of evolution for ecological and sexual traits in Tanganyikan cichlids. Our results indicate that whereas disparity in ecological characters was concentrated early in the radiation, disparity in sexual traits remained high throughout the radiation. Thus, closely related Tanganyikan cichlids presented higher disparity in sexual traits than ecological characters. Sexual traits were also under stronger selection than ecological characters. In sum, our results suggest that ecological characters and sexual traits present distinct evolutionary patterns, and that sexual traits can evolve faster than ecological characters, even during adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Voyer
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Dijkstra PD, Groothuis TGG. Male-male competition as a force in evolutionary diversification: evidence in haplochromine cichlid fish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2011; 2011:689254. [PMID: 21785710 PMCID: PMC3139127 DOI: 10.4061/2011/689254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that intrasexual competition can be a source of negative frequency-dependent selection, causing agonistic character displacement and facilitating speciation and coexistence of (sibling) species. In this paper we synthesise the evidence that male-male and female-female competition contributes to cichlid diversification, showing that competition is stronger among same-coloured individuals than those with different colours. We argue that intrasexual selection is more complex because there are several examples where males do not bias aggression towards their own type. In addition, sibling species or colour morphs often show asymmetric dominance relationships. We briefly discuss potential mechanisms that might promote the maintenance of covariance between colour and aggression-related traits even in the face of gene-flow. We close by proposing several avenues for future studies that might shed more light on the role of intrasexual competition in cichlid diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Dijkstra
- Behavioural Biology Research Group, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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25
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26
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Odhiambo EA, Kerschbaumer M, Postl L, Sturmbauer C. Morphometric differentiation among haplochromine cichlid fish species of a satellite lake of Lake Victoria. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Terai Y, Okada N. Speciation of Cichlid Fishes by Sensory Drive. FROM GENES TO ANIMAL BEHAVIOR 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53892-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Henry CS, Wells MM. Acoustic niche partitioning in two cryptic sibling species of Chrysoperla green lacewings that must duet before mating. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Sturmbauer C, Salzburger W, Duftner N, Schelly R, Koblmüller S. Evolutionary history of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid tribe Lamprologini (Teleostei: Perciformes) derived from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:266-84. [PMID: 20601006 PMCID: PMC2997427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lake Tanganyika comprises a cichlid species flock with substrate-breeding and mouthbrooding lineages. While sexual selection via mate choice on male mating color is thought to boost speciation rates in mouthbrooding cichlids, this is not the case in substrate-breeding lamprologines, which mostly form stable pairs and lack sexual dichromatism. We present a comprehensive reconstruction of the evolution of the cichlid tribe Lamprologini, based upon mtDNA sequences and multilocus nuclear DNA (AFLP) markers. Twelve mtDNA clades were identified, seven of which were corroborated by the AFLP tree. The radiation is likely to have started about 5.3 MYA, contemporarily with that of the mouthbrooding C-lineage, and probably triggered by the onset of deep-water conditions in Lake Tanganyika. Neither the Congo- nor the Malagarazi River species form the most ancestral branch. Several conflicts in the mtDNA phylogeny with taxonomic assignments based upon color, eco-morphology and behavior could be resolved and complemented by the AFLP analysis. Introgressive hybridization upon secondary contact seems to be the most likely cause for paraphyly of taxa due to mtDNA capture in species involving brood-care helpers, while accidental hybridization best explains the para- or polyphyly of several gastropod shell breeders. Taxonomic error or paraphyly due to the survival of ancestral lineages appear responsible for inconsistencies in the genera Lamprologus and Neolamprologus.
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30
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Melián CJ, Alonso D, Vázquez DP, Regetz J, Allesina S. Frequency-dependent selection predicts patterns of radiations and biodiversity. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6. [PMID: 20865126 PMCID: PMC2928887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most empirical studies support a decline in speciation rates through time, although evidence for constant speciation rates also exists. Declining rates have been explained by invoking pre-existing niches, whereas constant rates have been attributed to non-adaptive processes such as sexual selection and mutation. Trends in speciation rate and the processes underlying it remain unclear, representing a critical information gap in understanding patterns of global diversity. Here we show that the temporal trend in the speciation rate can also be explained by frequency-dependent selection. We construct a frequency-dependent and DNA sequence-based model of speciation. We compare our model to empirical diversity patterns observed for cichlid fish and Darwin's finches, two classic systems for which speciation rates and richness data exist. Negative frequency-dependent selection predicts well both the declining speciation rate found in cichlid fish and explains their species richness. For groups like the Darwin's finches, in which speciation rates are constant and diversity is lower, speciation rate is better explained by a model without frequency-dependent selection. Our analysis shows that differences in diversity may be driven by incipient species abundance with frequency-dependent selection. Our results demonstrate that genetic-distance-based speciation and frequency-dependent selection are sufficient to explain the high diversity observed in natural systems and, importantly, predict decay through time in speciation rate in the absence of pre-existing niches. Ecological opportunity, or filling a pre-existing unoccupied adaptive zone, is considered the dominant mechanism explaining the initial explosion of diversity. Although this type of niche filling can explain rates of diversification in some lineages, it is not sufficient for a radiation to occur. Instead of attributing the propensity to have an explosion of new species to external influences like niche availability, an alternative hypothesis can be based in frequency-dependent selection driven by the ecology in which organisms are embedded or endogenous sources mediated by gametes during fertilization. We show that genome diversification driven by higher reproductive probability of rare genotypes generates rapid initial speciation followed by a plateau with very low speciation rates, as shown by most empirical data. The absence of advantage of rare genotypes generates speciation events at constant rates. We predict decline over time and constant speciation rate in the cichlids and Darwin's finches, respectively, thus providing an alternative hypothesis for the origin of radiations and biodiversity in the absence of pre-existing niche filling. In addition to predicting observed temporal trends in diversification, our analysis also highlights new mechanistic models of evolutionary biodiversity dynamics that may become suitable to generate neutral models for testing observed patterns in speciation rates and species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Melián
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
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31
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Dijkstra PD, Lindström J, Metcalfe NB, Hemelrijk CK, Brendel M, Seehausen O, Groothuis TGG. FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SOCIAL DOMINANCE IN A COLOR POLYMORPHIC CICHLID FISH. Evolution 2010; 64:2797-807. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Stelkens RB, Young KA, Seehausen O. THE ACCUMULATION OF REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITIES IN AFRICAN CICHLID FISH. Evolution 2010; 64:617-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Walter RP, Haffner GD, Heath DD. No barriers to gene flow among sympatric polychromatic 'small' Telmatherina antoniae from Lake Matano, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1804-1815. [PMID: 20735672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic divergence, assortative courtship and intermale aggression were assessed between sympatric colour morphs of the sailfin silverside Telmatherina antoniae, endemic to Lake Matano, Indonesia. Genetic analysis using microsatellite markers showed no barriers to gene flow among T. antoniae primary colour morphs (blue and yellow) within sampling sites, sympatric populations or at the lake-wide level. Low but significant genetic differentiation was found between yellow morphs and mixed (blue-yellow) morphs. Behavioural surveys indicated assortative courtship does occur along primary colour lines; however, intermale aggression among paired and intruding male morphs appeared equal with respect to male colour. These observations support the hypothesis that males view other males as threats to their courtship regardless of their colour. This study supports recent work suggesting that assortative mating is present in T. antoniae despite a lack of reproductive isolation among colour morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Walter
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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34
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Dijkstra PD, van Dijk S, Groothuis TG, Pierotti ME, Seehausen O. Behavioral dominance between female color morphs of a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arp036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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35
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Bernardi G. The name of the father: conflict between Louis and Alexander Agassiz and the Embiotoca surfperch radiation. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1049-1055. [PMID: 20735618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The surfperch genus Embiotoca currently comprises two species, Embiotoca jacksoni, the black surfperch, and Embiotoca lateralis, the striped surfperch. Originally, however, Louis Agassiz described a third species in the genus Embiotoca, the rainbow surfperch, Embiotoca caryi. This latter name was changed by Louis' son, Alexander, to Hypsurus caryi, a name that remains valid. In this study, new molecular data (3545 bp of DNA from four mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA regions) indicated that the rainbow surfperch should be retained within the genus Embiotoca, a result consistent with recent morphological data. Adaptive radiation combined with sexual selection resulting in rapid morphological changes in the rainbow surfperch may have contributed to the conflicting position of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bernardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
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36
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SALZBURGER WALTER. The interaction of sexually and naturally selected traits in the adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:169-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Dijkstra PD, Hemelrijk C, Seehausen O, Groothuis TG. Color polymorphism and intrasexual competition in assemblages of cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arn125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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WALTER RP, HAFFNER GD, HEATH DD. Dispersal and population genetic structure of Telmatherina antoniae, an endemic freshwater Sailfin silverside from Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Evol Biol 2008; 22:314-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Age and spread of the haplochromine cichlid fishes in Africa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 49:153-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Dijkstra PD, Seehausen O, Fraterman R, Groothuis TG. Learned aggression biases in males of Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Darwin's finches in the Galápagos archipelago are an unusual example of adaptive radiation in that the basal split separates two lineages of warbler finches (Certhidea olivacea and Certhidea fusca) believed until recently to be only one species. The large genetic difference between them contrasts with their similarity in plumage, size, shape, and courtship behavior. They differ in song, which is a key factor in premating isolation of other sympatric Darwin's finches. We conducted playback experiments to see whether members of the population of C. olivacea on Santa Cruz Island would respond to songs of C. fusca from two islands, Genovesa and Pinta, and songs of C. olivacea from another island (Isabela). Another set of experiments was performed, using the same playback tapes, with C. fusca on Genovesa. Some members of both populations responded to all playbacks; therefore, the hypothesis of complete premating isolation on the basis of song is rejected. Discrimination between songs of the two lineages was inconsistent. We conclude that premating barriers to interbreeding among the tested populations have not arisen in the 1.5-2.0 m.yr. of their geographical isolation on different islands. This contrasts with strong premating barriers between more recently derived sympatric species. Early learning of song associated with morphology is later used in mate recognition. This explains why sympatric species that are vocally and morphologically distinct yet genetically less differentiated than Certhidea do not interbreed, whereas the Certhidea lineages that are genetically well differentiated but vocally and morphologically similar have no apparent premating barrier. We discuss this unusual situation in terms of the forces that have produced similarities and differences in song, morphology, and ecology and their relevance to phylogenetic and biological species concepts. Neither principles nor details are unique to Darwin's finches, and we conclude by pointing out strong parallels with some continental birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rosemary Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1003, USA
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42
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Abila R, Salzburger W, Ndonga MF, Owiti DO, Barluenga M, Meyer A. The role of the Yala swamp lakes in the conservation of Lake Victoria region haplochromine cichlids: Evidence from genetic and trophic ecology studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romulus Abila
- Department of Zoology, Maseno University, PO Box 333 Maseno, Kenya,
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, University Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, University Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Marta Barluenga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, University Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, University Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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43
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KODRIC-BROWN ASTRID, STRECKER ULRIKE. Responses of Cyprinodon maya and C. labiosus females to visual and olfactory cues of conspecific and heterospecific males. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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KOBLMÜLLER S, SEFC KM, DUFTNER N, KATONGO C, TOMLJANOVIC T, STURMBAUER C. A single mitochondrial haplotype and nuclear genetic differentiation in sympatric colour morphs of a riverine cichlid fish. J Evol Biol 2007; 21:362-367. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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46
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Dijkstra PD, Hekman R, Schulz RW, Groothuis TGG. Social stimulation, nuptial colouration, androgens and immunocompetence in a sexual dimorphic cichlid fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Maan ME, Haesler MP, Seehausen O, Van Alphen JJM. Heritability and heterochrony of polychromatism in a Lake Victoria Cichlid fish: Stepping stones for speciation? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2006; 306:168-76. [PMID: 16358264 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many haplochromine cichlid fish, male nuptial coloration is subject to female mate choice and plays a central role in the evolution of reproductive isolation between incipient species. Intraspecific variation in male coloration may serve as a target for diversifying sexual selection and provide a starting point for species divergence. Here, we investigated a polychromatism in Neochromis omnicaeruleus, a haplochromine from Lake Victoria, East-Africa. In this species, male coloration ranges from skyblue to yellow-red and females are grey-blue to yellow. We found that both genetic and environmental factors influence the expression of these colours during individual development. In a natural population, we found that male colour was associated with size and sexual maturity: yellow males were smaller than blue males and tended to be sexually immature. In females, size and maturity did not differ between colour types. Laboratory crosses revealed that there is a heritable component to the observed colour variation: yellow parents produced more yellow offspring than blue parents. Together with repeated aquarium observations of yellow individuals that gradually become blue, these data suggest that yellow males change to blue as they approach sexual maturity, and that the occurrence and timing of this transition is influenced by both environmental and genetic effects. The significance of this mechanism of colour expression as a possible target for divergent selection remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine E Maan
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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48
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Abstract
The African cichlid fish radiations are the most diverse extant animal radiations and provide a unique system to test predictions of speciation and adaptive radiation theory. The past few years have seen major advances in the phylogenetics, evolutionary biogeography and ecology of cichlid fish. Most of this work has concentrated on the most diverse radiations. Unfortunately, a large number of small radiations and 'non-radiations' have been overlooked, potentially limiting the contribution of the cichlid system to our understanding of speciation and adaptive radiation. I have reviewed the literature to identify 33 intralacustrine radiations and 76 failed radiations. For as many as possible I collected information on lake size, age and phylogenetic relationships. I use these data to address two questions: (i) whether the rate of speciation and the resulting species richness are related to temporal and spatial variation in ecological opportunity and (ii) whether the likelihood of undergoing adaptive radiation is similar for different African cichlid lineages. The former is a key prediction of the ecological theory of adaptive radiation that has been presumed true but remains untested for cichlid radiations. The second is based on the hypothesis that the propensity of cichlids to radiate is due to a key evolutionary innovation shared by all African cichlids. The evidence suggests that speciation rate declines through time as niches get filled up during adaptive radiation: young radiations and early stages of old radiations are characterized by high rates of speciation, whereas at least 0.5 Myr into a radiation speciation becomes a lot less frequent. The number of species in cichlid radiations increases with lake size, supporting the prediction that species diversity increases with habitat heterogeneity, but also with opportunity for isolation by distance. Finally, the data suggest that the propensity to radiate within lakes is a derived property that evolved during the evolutionary history of some African cichlids, and the appearance of which does not coincide with the appearance of proposed key innovations in morphology and life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Seehausen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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49
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Elias DO, Hebets EA, Hoy RR. Female preference for complex/novel signals in a spider. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arl005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Maan ME, van der Spoel M, Jimenez PQ, van Alphen JJ, Seehausen O. Fitness correlates of male coloration in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ark020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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