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Moritsch MM. Expansion of intertidal mussel beds following disease-driven reduction of a keystone predator. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105363. [PMID: 34030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease shapes community composition by removing species with strong interactions. To test whether the absence of keystone predation due to disease produced changes to the species composition of rocky intertidal communities, we leverage a natural experiment involving mass mortality of the keystone predator Pisaster ochraceus from Sea Star Wasting Syndrome. Over four years, we measured dimensions of mussel beds, sizes of Mytilus californianus, mussel recruitment, and species composition on vertical rock walls at six rocky intertidal sites on the central California coast. We also assessed the relationship between changes in mussel cover and changes in sea star density across 33 sites along the North American Pacific coast using data from long-term monitoring. After four years, the lower boundary of the central California mussel beds shifted downward toward the water 18.7 ± 15.8 cm (SD) on the rock and 11.7 ± 11.0 cm in elevation, while the upper boundary remained unchanged. In central California, downward expansion and total area of the mussel bed were positively correlated with mussel recruitment but were not correlated with pre-disease sea star density or biomass. At a multi-region scale, changes in mussel percent cover were positively correlated with pre-disease sea star densities but not change in densities. Species composition of primary substrate holders and epibionts below the mussel bed remained similar across years. Extirpation of the community below the bed did not occur. Instead, this community became limited to a smaller spatial extent while the mussel bed expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Moritsch
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, 350 N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Propagule Dispersal Determines Mangrove Zonation at Intertidal and Estuarine Scales. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Propagule dispersal has generally been recognized as a vital factor affecting the spatial structure of tropical forest plants. However, available research shows that this hypothesis does not apply to mangrove species the propagules of which are dispersed by water. Due to the lack of comprehensive and quantitative information as well as the high spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the mangrove environment, the exact factors affecting the spatial structure of mangrove forests are poorly understood. To assess this, we selected a mangrove estuary with high mangrove species richness that experiences great changes in water salinity. After investigating the zonation of mature mangrove individuals across tides and the estuary, we measured the size and initial specific gravity of the propagules and then selected the eight most common species from which to observe the changes in specific gravity, buoyancy, and root initiation during dispersal at different sites with different water salinity regimes. The relationships among distribution patterns, propagule establishment, and dispersal behavior were investigated. We found that mangrove propagule dispersal is not a passively buoyant process controlled by water currents. During dispersal, mangrove propagules can actively adjust their specific gravity and root initiation. The dynamic specific gravity of the propagules was negatively related to propagule buoyancy and surface elevation. The differences in propagule specific gravity corroborated the distribution patterns of the species across the intertidal zone and estuary. Mangrove zonation on both the intertidal and estuarine scale can be explained by the tidal sorting hypothesis, as zonation is controlled by the tidal sorting of the propagules according to buoyancy and by the differential ability of the propagules to establish in the intertidal zones. The results add new understanding of observed mangrove species zonation and should inform conservation managers when restoring mangroves or evaluating the potential impacts of global change and anthropogenic disturbances that might alter the hydrology, including the water salinity regime.
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Forêt M, Barbier P, Tremblay R, Meziane T, Neumeier U, Duvieilbourg E, Olivier F. Trophic cues promote secondary migrations of bivalve recruits in a highly dynamic temperate intertidal system. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Forêt
- Unité Mixte de Recherche ‘Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques’ (BOREA, UMR 7208) Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université de Caen Basse‐Normandie Université des Antilles Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de Recherche pour le Développement‐207 CP53 61 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer Université du Québec à Rimouski 310 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski Québec G5L 2Z9 Canada
| | - Pierrick Barbier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche ‘Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques’ (BOREA, UMR 7208) Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université de Caen Basse‐Normandie Université des Antilles Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de Recherche pour le Développement‐207 CP53 61 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer Université du Québec à Rimouski 310 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski Québec G5L 2Z9 Canada
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Unité Mixte de Recherche ‘Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques’ (BOREA, UMR 7208) Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université de Caen Basse‐Normandie Université des Antilles Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de Recherche pour le Développement‐207 CP53 61 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Urs Neumeier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer Université du Québec à Rimouski 310 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski Québec G5L 2Z9 Canada
| | - Eric Duvieilbourg
- LEMAR UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer – Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer Université de Bretagne Occidentale 29280 Plouzané France
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche ‘Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques’ (BOREA, UMR 7208) Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université de Caen Basse‐Normandie Université des Antilles Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut de Recherche pour le Développement‐207 CP53 61 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
- MNHN Station Marine de Concarneau, Place de la Croix, BP 225 29182 Concarneau Cedex France
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Scott A, Dixson DL. Reef fishes can recognize bleached habitat during settlement: sea anemone bleaching alters anemonefish host selection. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2694. [PMID: 27226472 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how bleaching impacts the settlement of symbiotic habitat specialists and whether there is flexibility in settlement choices with regard to habitat quality is essential given our changing climate. We used five anemonefishes (Amphiprion clarkii, Amphiprion latezonatus, Amphiprion ocellaris, Amphiprion percula and Premnas biaculeatus) and three host sea anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis crispa and Heteractis magnifica) in paired-choice flume experiments to determine whether habitat naive juveniles have the olfactory capabilities to distinguish between unbleached and bleached hosts, and how this may affect settlement decisions. All anemonefishes were able to distinguish between bleached and unbleached hosts, and responded only to chemical cues from species-specific host anemones irrespective of health status, indicating a lack of flexibility in host use. While bleached hosts were selected as habitat, this occurred only when unbleached options were unavailable, with the exception of A. latezonatus, which showed strong preferences for H. crispa regardless of health. This study highlights the potential deleterious indirect impacts of declining habitat quality during larval settlement in habitat specialists, which could be important in the field, given that bleaching events are becoming increasingly common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scott
- National Marine Science Centre and Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Danielle L Dixson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, 111 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Shanks AL, Morgan SG, MacMahan J, Reniers AJHM. Alongshore variation in barnacle populations is determined by surf zone hydrodynamics. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan L. Shanks
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon P.O. Box 5389 Charleston Oregon 97420 USA
| | - Steven G. Morgan
- Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California Davis 2099 Westshore Drive Bodega Bay California 94923 USA
| | - Jamie MacMahan
- Department of Oceanography Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California 93943 USA
| | - Ad J. H. M. Reniers
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 2628CN Delft The Netherlands
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Hestmark G, Skogesal O, Skullerud Ø. Early recruitment equals long-term relative abundance in an alpine saxicolous lichen guild. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Øystein Skullerud
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Van Der Meer J, Beukema JJ, Dekker R. Long-term variability in secondary production of an intertidal bivalve population is primarily a matter of recruitment variability. J Anim Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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SAUNDERS RJ, CONNELL SD. Interactive effects of shade and surface orientation on the recruitment of spirorbid polychaetes. AUSTRAL ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.tb00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Habitat variation influences movement rates and population structure of an intertidal fish. Oecologia 2008; 157:429-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Banks SC, Piggott LMP, Williamson JE, Bové U, Holbrook NJ, Beheregaray LB. Oceanic variability and coastal topography shape genetic structure in a long-dispersing sea urchin. Ecology 2008; 88:3055-64. [PMID: 18229840 DOI: 10.1890/07-0091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the scale of marine population connectivity is critical for the conservation and sustainable management of marine resources. For many marine species adults are benthic and relatively immobile, so patterns of larval dispersal and recruitment provide the key to understanding marine population connectivity. Contrary to previous expectations, recent studies have often detected unexpectedly low dispersal and fine-scale population structure in the sea, leading to a paradigm shift in how marine systems are viewed. Nonetheless, the link between fine-scale marine population structure and the underlying physical and biological processes has not been made. Here we show that patterns of genetic structure and population connectivity in the broadcast-spawning and long-distance dispersing sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii are influenced by physical oceanographic and geographic variables. Despite weak genetic differentiation and no isolation-by-distance over thousands of kilometers among samples from eastern Australia and northern New Zealand, fine-scale genetic structure was associated with sea surface temperature (SST) variability and geography along the southeastern Australian coast. The zone of high SST variability is characterized by periodic shedding of eddies from the East Australian Current, and we suggest that ocean current circulation may, through its influence on larval transport and recruitment, interact with the genetic consequences of large variance in individual reproductive success to generate patterns of fine-scale patchy genetic structure. If proven consistent across species, our findings suggest that the optimal scale for fisheries management and reserve design should vary among localities in relation to regional oceanographic variability and coastal geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Banks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Vigliola L, Doherty PJ, Meekan MG, Drown DM, Jones ME, Barber PH. GENETIC IDENTITY DETERMINES RISK OF POST-SETTLEMENT MORTALITY OF A MARINE FISH. Ecology 2007; 88:1263-77. [PMID: 17536412 DOI: 10.1890/06-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal sampling of four cohorts of Neopomacentrus filamentosus, a common tropical damselfish from Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, revealed the evolution of size structure after settlement. Light traps collected premetamorphic individuals from the water column ("settlers") to establish a baseline for each cohort. Subsequently, divers collected benthic juveniles ("recruits") at 1-3-month intervals to determine the relative impacts of post-settlement mortality during the first three months. Growth trajectories for individual fish were back-calculated from otolith records and compared with nonlinear mixed-effects models. Size-selective mortality was detected in all cohorts with the loss of smaller, slower growing individuals. Three months after settlement, recruits showed significantly faster growth as juveniles, faster growth as larvae, and larger sizes as hatchlings. The timing and intensity of post-settlement selection differed among cohorts and was correlated with density at settlement. The cohort with the greatest initial abundance experienced the strongest selective mortality, with most of this mortality occurring between one and two months after settlement when juveniles began foraging at higher positions in the water column. Significant genetic structure was found between settlers and three-month-old recruits in this cohort as a result of natural selection that changed the frequency of mtDNA haplotypes measured at the control region. The extent of this genetic difference was enlarged or reduced by artificially manipulating the intensity of size-based selection, thus establishing a link between phenotype and haplotype. Sequence variation in the control region of the mitochondrial genome has been linked to mitochondrial efficiency and weight gain in other studies, which provides a plausible explanation for the patterns observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vigliola
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 40197, Casuarina MC Darwin NT 0811, Australia.
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Sousa WP, Kennedy PG, Mitchell BJ, Ordóñez L BM. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY IN MANGROVES: DO PROPAGULE DISPERSAL AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT EXPLAIN FOREST STRUCTURE? ECOL MONOGR 2007. [DOI: 10.1890/05-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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McCormick MI, Hoey AS. Larval growth history determines juvenile growth and survival in a tropical marine fish. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miyake Y, Hiura T, Kuhara N, Nakano S. Succession in a stream invertebrate community: A transition in species dominance through colonization. Ecol Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saunders RJ, Connell SD. Interactive effects of shade and surface orientation on the recruitment of spirorbid polychaetes. AUSTRAL ECOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01090.pp.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saunders RJ, Connell SD. Interactive effects of shade and surface orientation on the recruitment of spirorbid polychaetes. AUSTRAL ECOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Van Der Meer J, Beukema JJ, Dekker R. Long-term variability in secondary production of an intertidal bivalve population is primarily a matter of recruitment variability. J Anim Ecol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gurevitch J, Morrison JA, Hedges LV. The Interaction between Competition and Predation: A Meta-analysis of Field Experiments. Am Nat 2000; 155:435-453. [PMID: 10753073 DOI: 10.1086/303337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists working with a range of organisms and environments have carried out manipulative field experiments that enable us to ask questions about the interaction between competition and predation (including herbivory) and about the relative strength of competition and predation in the field. Evaluated together, such a collection of studies can offer insight into the importance and function of these factors in nature. Using a new factorial meta-analysis technique, we combined the results of 20 articles reporting on 39 published field experiments to ask whether the presence of predators affects the intensity of competitive effects and to compare the average effects of competition and predation. Across all studies, the effects of competition in the presence of predators were less than in the absence of predators, and the interaction between competition and predation for most response variables was statistically significant. Removal of competitors had much more positive effects on organisms' growth and mass than did exclusion of predators. Predator exclusion had much more beneficial effects on organisms' survival than did competition. The mean effects of competition and predation on density did not differ from one another. The results differed among trophic levels. Further understanding would benefit greatly from more field experiments that manipulate both competition and predation, that focus on a wider range of organisms and environments, that focus on population-level parameters such as density, and that report results more completely, including data such as sample sizes and variances.
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Connolly SR, Roughgarden J. THEORY OF MARINE COMMUNITIES: COMPETITION, PREDATION, AND RECRUITMENT-DEPENDENT INTERACTION STRENGTH. ECOL MONOGR 1999. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0277:tomccp]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Caley MJ, Carr MH, Hixon MA, Hughes TP, Jones GP, Menge BA. RECRUITMENT AND THE LOCAL DYNAMICS OF OPEN MARINE POPULATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Caley
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. A. Hixon
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - T. P. Hughes
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - G. P. Jones
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - B. A. Menge
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
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