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Heightened immune surveillance in Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for faster development and extended longevity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12090. [PMID: 36544838 PMCID: PMC9761728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximization of life-history traits is under constraints due to both, limitations of resource acquisition and the restricted pathways of resource allocation. Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model organism to not only unravel various trade-offs among life history traits but also numerous aspects of host immune response. Drosophila larvae are semi-aquatic that live, feed and excrete inside the food source-often over-ripe fruits and vegetables that are rich in both commensal and pathogenic microbiota that can impact the larval survival. In this study, we have used six populations of D. melanogaster, three of which are selected for faster pre-adult development and extended adult longevity, and their three ancestral controls, to explore the impact of selection on the basal immune activity in the larval stage. The larvae from selected populations had nearly significantly upregulated plasmatocyte density, significantly higher percent phagocytosis, phagocytic index and higher transcript levels of Tep3, eater and NimC1. Selected populations also had significantly upregulated crystal cell number along with higher transcript of PPO2. Out of seven tested AMPs level, Drosomycin was significantly upregulated in selected populations while Drosocin was significantly higher in control populations. ROS levels were comparable in the selected and control populations. Our results strongly suggest that enhanced basal immune activity during larval stage manages the faster development and could be responsible for comparable larval survival of selected and control populations.
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Wang Z, Nur FA, Ma J, Wang J, Cao C. Effects of poplar secondary metabolites on performance and detoxification enzyme activity of Lymantria dispar. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108587. [PMID: 31401083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To identify the effects of poplar secondary metabolites on Lymantria dispar, six poplar secondary metabolites (i.e., caffeic acid, salicin, rutin, quercetin, flavone, and catechol) and three mixtures containing characteristic secondary metabolites in poplar were selected. Mixture 1 contained flavone and salicin, mixture 2 contained salicin, caffeic acid, and catechol, and mixture 3 contained flavone, catechol, and caffeic acid. Mixtures were added to artificial diets used to feed 2nd instar L. dispar larvae. The effects of different secondary metabolites on larval growth and development, antifeedant activity, nutrient utilization, and detoxifying enzymatic activity were investigated. Results revealed that there were different influences on L. dispar larvae. The maximum antifeedant rate of flavone was 87.58%. Larvae treated with mixture 2 had a significantly longer development time of 5.61 d with a survival rate of 38.75% for 15 d, which is lower than a single secondary metabolite. No L. dispar larvae survived on feeding diets containing flavone for 7 d. An increase in GST and P450 activities in larvae was significantly induced during the 72 h feeding on artificial diets containing experimental secondary metabolites. After treatment containing salicin and flavone for 24-72 h, P450 activity increased at first then decreased. These results provide a foundation for further investigation on the host selection and underlying adaptation mechanisms in L. dispar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Faidah Arina Nur
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Torchio PF, Tepedino VJ. SEX RATIO, BODY SIZE AND SEASONALITY IN A SOLITARY BEE, OSMIA LIGNARIA PROPINQUA CRESSON (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE). Evolution 2017; 34:993-1003. [PMID: 28581134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/1979] [Revised: 01/10/1980] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P F Torchio
- Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA, Logan, Utah, 84322
| | - V J Tepedino
- Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA, Logan, Utah, 84322
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic.3800 Australia
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
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Dahl E, Orizaola G, Nicieza AG, Laurila A. Time constraints and flexibility of growth strategies: geographic variation in catch-up growth responses in amphibian larvae. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1233-1243. [PMID: 22742783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. As size is tightly associated with fitness, compensatory strategies for growth loss can be vital for restoring individual fitness. However, immediate and delayed costs of compensatory responses may prevent their generalization, and the optimal strategy may depend on environmental conditions. Compensatory responses may be particularly important in high-latitude habitats with short growing seasons, and thus, high-latitude organisms might be more efficient at compensating after periods of unfavourable growth conditions than low-latitude organisms. 2. We investigated geographical differences in catch-up growth strategies of populations of the common frog (Rana temporaria) from southern and northern Sweden in two factorial common garden experiments involving predation risk and two different causes of growth arrest (nutritional stress and low temperatures) to evaluate how the compensatory strategies can be affected by context-dependent costs of compensation. Larval and metamorphic traits, and post-metamorphic performance were used as response variables. 3. Only northern tadpoles exposed to low food completely caught up in terms of metamorphic size, mainly by extending the larval period. Low food decreased survival and post-metamorphic jumping performance in southern, but not in northern tadpoles, suggesting that northern tadpoles have a better ability to compensate after periods of restricted food. 4. Both northern and southern tadpoles were able to metamorphose at the same size as control tadpoles after being exposed to low temperatures, indicating that consequences of variation in temperature and food availability differed for tadpoles. However, the combination of low temperatures and predation risk reduced survival in both southern and northern tadpoles. Also, predation risk decreased energy storage in both experiments. 5. Our results highlight the influence of climatic variation and the type of stressor as selective factors shaping compensatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dahl
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Ecology Unit, Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (CSIC-UO-PA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hart RC. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY OF AN ESTUARINE COPEPOD (PSEUDODIAPTOMUS EESSEI) IN LAKE SIBAYA, A SUBTROPICAL FRESHWATER COASTAL LAKE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/03779688.1981.9632933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Calow P, Davidson AF, Woollhead AS. Life-cycle and feeding strategies of freshwater triclads: a synthesis. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb03441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Naya D, Ebensperger L, Sabat P, Bozinovic F. Digestive and Metabolic Flexibility Allows Female Degus to Cope with Lactation Costs. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:186-94. [DOI: 10.1086/527453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Microgeographic variation in metabolic rate and energy storage of brown trout: countergradient selection or thermal sensitivity? Evol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-006-0004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Álvarez D, Nicieza AG. Compensatory response 'defends' energy levels but not growth trajectories in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:601-7. [PMID: 15817434 PMCID: PMC1564075 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth is an organism's reaction to buffer deviations from targeted trajectories. We explored the compensatory patterns of juvenile brown trout under field and laboratory conditions. Divergence of size and condition trajectories was induced by manipulating food levels in the laboratory and then releasing the trout into a river. In the stream, the length trajectories of food-restricted and control fish were parallel, but food-restricted fish exhibited partial compensation for mass and rapid recovery of condition. A laboratory experiment on similar sized fish did not provide evidence for compensatory growth in length or mass. In contrast, data matched the compensatory patterns shown in the stream: length trajectories were parallel and the convergence of mass trajectories ceased as soon as food-restricted fish recovered condition to the level of controls. These results show that (i) brown trout did not compensate for depression in structural growth and (ii) mass recovery was targeted to reinstate condition or energy reserves, but not size at a given age. This does not support the common view that compensatory growth can be a general response to growth depression. Rather, compensation in other salmonids could be related to size thresholds associated with developmental switches at the onset of sexual maturation and migration.
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Chown SL, Gaston KJ, Robinson D. Macrophysiology: large-scale patterns in physiological traits and their ecological implications. Funct Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nakamura K. Effect of photoperiod on the size–temperature relationship in a pentatomid bug, Dolycoris baccarum. J Therm Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4565(02)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Locher R, Baur B. Nutritional stress changes sex-specific reproductive allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. Funct Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Novoseltsev VN, Arking R, Novoseltseva JA, Yashin AI. Evolutionary optimality applied to Drosophila experiments: hypothesis of constrained reproductive efficiency. Evolution 2002; 56:1136-49. [PMID: 12144015 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The general purpose of the paper is to test evolutionary optimality theories with experimental data on reproduction, energy consumption, and longevity in a particular Drosophila genotype. We describe the resource allocation in Drosophila females in terms of the oxygen consumption rates devoted to reproduction and to maintenance. The maximum ratio of the component spent on reproduction to the total rate of oxygen consumption, which can be realized by the female reproductive machinery, is called metabolic reproductive efficiency (MRE). We regard MRE as an evolutionary constraint. We demonstrate that MRE may be evaluated for a particular Drosophila phenotype given the fecundity pattern, the age-related pattern of oxygen consumption rate, and the longevity. We use a homeostatic model of aging to simulate a life history of a representative female fly, which describes the control strain in the long-term experiments with the Wayne State Drosophila genotype. We evaluate the theoretically optimal trade-offs in this genotype. Then we apply the Van Noordwijk-de Jong resource acquisition and allocation model, Kirkwood's disposable soma theory. and the Partridge-Barton optimality approach to test if the experimentally observed trade-offs may be regarded as close to the theoretically optimal ones. We demonstrate that the two approaches by Partridge-Barton and Kirkwood allow a positive answer to the question, whereas the Van Noordwijk-de Jong approach may be used to illustrate the optimality. We discuss the prospects of applying the proposed technique to various Drosophila experiments, in particular those including manipulations affecting fecundity.
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Carey JR, Liedo P, Harshman L, Zhang Y, Müller HG, Partridge L, Wang JL. A mortality cost of virginity at older ages in female Mediterranean fruit flies. Exp Gerontol 2002; 37:507-12. [PMID: 11830353 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rates were measured over the lifetime of 65,000 female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata, maintained in either all-female (virgin) cages or cages with equal initial numbers of males, to determine the effect of sexual activity and mating on the mortality trajectory of females at older ages. Although a greater fraction of females maintained in all-female (virgin) cages survived to older ages, the life expectancy of the surviving virgins was less than the life expectancy of surviving non-virgins at older ages. This was due to a mortality crossover where virgin flies experience lower mortality than mated flies from eclosion to Day 20 but higher mortality thereafter. These results suggest that there are two consequences of mating--a short-term mortality increase (cost) and a longer term mortality decrease (benefit).
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Carey
- Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Barros-Bellanda HCH, Zucoloto FS. Effects of intraspecific competition and food deprivation on the immature phase of Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212002000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Novoseltsev VN, Arking R, Novoseltseva JA, Yashin AI. EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMALITY APPLIED TO DROSOPHILA EXPERIMENTS: HYPOTHESIS OF CONSTRAINED REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY. Evolution 2002. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1136:eoatde]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Statzner B, Hildrew AG, Resh VH. Species traits and environmental constraints: entomological research and the history of ecological theory. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2001; 46:291-316. [PMID: 11112171 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The role that entomology has played in the historical (1800s-1970s) development of ecological theories that match species traits with environmental constraints is reviewed along three lineages originating from the ideas of a minister (Malthus TR. 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: Johnson) and a chemist (Liebig J. 1840. Die Organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie. Braunschweig: Vieweg). Major developments in lineage 1 focus on habitat as a filter for species traits, succession, nonequilibrium and equilibrium conditions, and generalizations about the correlation of traits to environmental constraints. In lineage 2, we trace the evolution of the niche concept and focus on ecophysiological traits, biotic interactions, and environmental conditions. Finally, we describe the conceptual route from early demographic studies of human and animal populations to the r-K concept in lineage 3. In the 1970s, the entomologist Southwood merged these three lineages into the "habitat templet concept" (Southwood TRE. 1977. J. Anim. Ecol. 46:337-65), which has stimulated much subsequent research in entomology and general ecology. We conclude that insects have been a far more important resource for the development of ecological theory than previously acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Statzner
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Locher, Baur. Mating frequency and resource allocation to male and female function in the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum. J Evol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Livezey BC. An ecomorphological review of the dodo(Raphus cucullatus)and solitaire(Pezophaps solitaria),flightless Columbiformes of the Mascarene Islands. J Zool (1987) 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Månsson BÅ, McGlade JM. Ecology, thermodynamics and H.T. Odum's conjectures. Oecologia 1993; 93:582-596. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00328969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1991] [Accepted: 12/22/1992] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boudreau P, Dickie L, Kerr S. Body-size spectra of production and biomass as system-level indicators of ecological dynamics. J Theor Biol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Foraging activity of two species of predatory leeches exposed to active and sedentary prey. Oecologia 1989; 81:329-334. [PMID: 28311184 DOI: 10.1007/bf00377079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1988] [Accepted: 06/14/1989] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chandini T. Survival, growth and reproduction of Daphnia carinata (Crustacea: Cladocera) exposed to chronic cadmium stress at different food (Chlorella) levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1989; 60:29-45. [PMID: 15092388 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(89)90218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/1988] [Revised: 04/06/1989] [Accepted: 04/12/1989] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature, organisms have to respond to a diversity of factors acting simultaneously. The present investigation was conducted to study whether changes in food (Chlorella) levels could modify the chronic toxicity of cadmium on the various life-history parameters, such as survivorship, longevity, life expectancy, fecundity, age at first reproduction, R(0), T, r and growth rates of the cladoceran Daphnia carinata. The study indicated that at low food levels (0.5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) Chlorella), cadmium concentrations in the range of 27-162 microg litre(-1) reduced these life-history parameters by 50% (EC(50)). At medium food levels (1.5 x 10(6) ml(-1) Chlorella) the EC(50) of cadmium was in the range of 51-127 microg litre(-1). At high food levels (4.5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) Chlorella), the toxic effect of cadmium was greatly reduced. The decreases in survival, growth and reproduction of D. carinata at high cadmium-low food levels affected the fitness parameter 'r'. The study emphasises the need to include reproductive parameters other than mere survival in toxicity bioassays. The study also stresses the need to incorporate in laboratory tests other relevant factors that might modify pollutant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chandini
- Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Senthamizhselvan M, Murugan K. Bioenergetics and reproductive efficiency ofAtractomorpha crenulata F. (Orthoptera: Insecta) in relation to food quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chandini T. Effects of different food (Chlorella) concentrations on the chronic toxicity of cadmium to survivorship, growth and reproduction of Echinisca triserialis (Crustacea: Cladocera). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1988; 54:139-154. [PMID: 15092530 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/1988] [Revised: 03/16/1988] [Accepted: 03/17/1988] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extraneous factors have been shown to greatly modify pollutant stress. The present study was conducted with the objective of determining whether differences in food levels could modify chronic toxicity of cadmium to the various life-history parameters of the cladoceran Echinisca triserialis. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a sublethal range of cadmium (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20 microg litre(-1)) on life-history parameters such as survivorship, longevity, life expectancy, age at first reproduction, total fecundity, neonate size, net reproductive rate (R0), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and growth of Echinisca triserialis in relation to different food (Chlorella) levels of 0.5 (low), 1.5 (medium) and 4.5 (high) x 10(6) cells ml(-1). Cadmium levels of 10 microg litre(-1) and above, and low food levels, had a profound effect in decreasing the magnitude of all parameters studied. EC50 levels computed for life-history parameters, such as longevity, life expectancy at birth, total fecundity, R0 and T, were in the range of 2 to 21 microg litre(-1) cadmium, and this is indicative of extreme adverse effects on the population dynamics of E. triserialis when exposed to low food levels. At high food levels the EC50 was not achieved for cadmium in the toxicant range studied. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chandini
- Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Muthukrishnan J, Pandian TJ. Relation between feeding and egg production in some insects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Energy budget for the larval development ofElminius modestus (Crustacea: Cirripedia). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02365099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Burn AJ. Life cycle strategies in two Antarctic Collembola. Oecologia 1984; 64:223-229. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00376874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/1984] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Resource allocation and time budgeting in adults of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana: The interaction of behaviour and metabolic reserves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02515514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Broom MJ. Mortality and production in natural, artificially-seeded and experimental populations of Anadara granosa (Bivalvia: Arcidae). Oecologia 1983; 58:389-397. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00385241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/1983] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Consequences of competition on the time budgets, growth and distributions of three species of terrestrial slugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02528783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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On weight dependence of net growth efficiency and specific respiration rates among field populations of invertebrates. Oecologia 1979; 38:111-126. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00346558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/1978] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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