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Shiao J, Thomas KM, Rahimi AS, Rao R, Yan J, Xie XJ, DaSilva M, Spangler A, Leitch M, Wooldridge R, Rivers A, Farr D, Haley B, Kim DWN. Aspirin/antiplatelet agent use improves disease-free survival and reduces the risk of distant metastases in Stage II and III triple-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:463-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maria RM, Altei WF, Andricopulo AD, Becceneri AB, Cominetti MR, Venâncio T, Colnago LA. Characterization of metabolic profile of intact non-tumor and tumor breast cells by high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2015; 488:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Modulation of Cytokines Production by Indomethacin Acute Dose during the Evolution of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:924028. [PMID: 26347589 PMCID: PMC4549603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/924028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a nonselective COX1/COX2 inhibitor (indomethacin) on tumor growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) in mice, using as parameters the tumor growth and cytokine profile. Mice were inoculated with EAT cells and treated with indomethacin. After 1, 3, 6, 10, and 13 days the animals were evaluated for the secretion of TNFα, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and PGE2 level in peritoneal cavity. The results have shown that EAT induces PGE2 production and increases tumor cells number from the 10th day. The cytokine profile showed EAT induces production of IL-6 from 10th day and of IL-2 on 13th day; the other studied cytokines were not affected in a significant way. The indomethacin treatment of EAT-bearing mice inhibited the tumor growth and PGE2 synthesis from the 10th day. In addition, the treatment of EAT-bearing mice with indomethacin has stimulated the IL-13 production and has significantly inhibited IL-6 in the 13th day of tumor growth. Taken together, the results have demonstrated that EAT growth is modulated by PGE2 and the inhibition of the tumor growth could be partly related to suppression of IL-6 and induction of IL-13.
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Rolim AEH, Henrique-Araújo R, Ferraz EG, de Araújo Alves Dultra FK, Fernandez LG. Lipidomics in the study of lipid metabolism: Current perspectives in the omic sciences. Gene 2014; 554:131-9. [PMID: 25445283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The advances in systems biology and in the development of new technological tools in analysis, as well as in the omic sciences, among which, metabolomics, and more specifically, lipidomics, have made it possible to investigate the structural and functional complexity of lipids in biological systems. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are the analytical approaches most used in lipid research. Biomedical research, with the development of specific markers for lipids, together with new software development, have both enabled the early diagnosis of several illnesses, besides the evaluation of drug activity and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Emília Holanda Rolim
- Post-graduation Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique-Araújo
- Post-graduation Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gomes Ferraz
- Post-graduation Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fátima Karoline de Araújo Alves Dultra
- Post-graduation Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Gonzaga Fernandez
- Institute of Health Sciences-ICS, Federal University of Bahia-UFBA, Department of Biofunção, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts-LBBB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Choi JS, Baek HM, Kim S, Kim MJ, Youk JH, Moon HJ, Kim EK, Han KH, Kim DH, Kim SI, Koo JS. HR-MAS MR spectroscopy of breast cancer tissue obtained with core needle biopsy: correlation with prognostic factors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51712. [PMID: 23272149 PMCID: PMC3522710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy using core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens and histologic prognostic factors currently used in breast cancer patients. After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this study, CNB specimens were collected from 36 malignant lesions in 34 patients. Concentrations and metabolic ratios of various choline metabolites were estimated by HR-MAS MR spectroscopy using CNB specimens. HR-MAS spectroscopic values were compared according to histopathologic variables [tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, status of estrogens receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 (a receptor for human epidermal growth factor), and Ki-67, and triple negativity]. Multivariate analysis was performed with Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structure-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). HR-MAS MR spectroscopy quantified and discriminated choline metabolites in all CNB specimens of the 36 breast cancers. Several metabolite markers [free choline (Cho), phosphocholine (PC), creatine (Cr), taurine, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, total choline (tCho), glycine, Cho/Cr, tCho/Cr, PC/Cr] on HR-MAS MR spectroscopy were found to correlate with histologic prognostic factors [ER, PR, HER2, histologic grade, triple negativity, Ki-67, poor prognosis]. OPLS-DA multivariate models were generally able to discriminate the status of histologic prognostic factors (ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67) and prognosis groups. Our study suggests that HR-MAS MR spectroscopy using CNB specimens can predict tumor aggressiveness prior to surgery in breast cancer patients. In addition, it may be helpful in the detection of reliable markers for breast cancer characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Ji Hyun Youk
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Han
- Department of Research Affair, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-hyun Kim
- College of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Aboagye EO. Phosphatidylcholine metabolic transformation and progression signature as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Oncotarget 2011; 1:163-6. [PMID: 21301046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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Podo F, Canevari S, Canese R, Pisanu ME, Ricci A, Iorio E. MR evaluation of response to targeted treatment in cancer cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:648-672. [PMID: 21387442 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecular technologies, together with progressive sophistication of molecular imaging methods, has allowed the further elucidation of the multiple mutations and dysregulatory effects of pathways leading to oncogenesis. Acting against these pathways by specifically targeted agents represents a major challenge for current research efforts in oncology. As conventional anatomically based pharmacological endpoints may be inadequate to monitor the tumor response to these targeted treatments, the identification and use of more appropriate, noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers appear to be crucial to optimize the design, dosage and schedule of these novel therapeutic approaches. An aberrant choline phospholipid metabolism and enhanced flux of glucose derivatives through glycolysis, which sustain the redirection of mitochondrial ATP to glucose phosphorylation, are two major hallmarks of cancer cells. This review focuses on the changes detected in these pathways by MRS in response to targeted treatments. The progress and limitations of our present understanding of the mechanisms underlying MRS-detected phosphocholine accumulation in cancer cells are discussed in the light of gene and protein expression and the activation of different enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and catabolism. Examples of alterations induced in the MRS choline profile of cells exposed to different agents or to tumor environmental factors are presented. Current studies aimed at the identification in cancer cells of MRS-detected pharmacodynamic markers of therapies targeted against specific conditional or constitutive cell receptor stimulation are then reviewed. Finally, the perspectives of present efforts addressed to identify enzymes of the phosphatidylcholine cycle as possible novel targets for anticancer therapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Aboagye EO. Phosphatidylcholine metabolic transformation and progression signature as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Oncotarget 2010; 1:163-166. [PMID: 21301046 PMCID: PMC3157722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Holmes MD, Chen WY, Li L, Hertzmark E, Spiegelman D, Hankinson SE. Aspirin intake and survival after breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1467-72. [PMID: 20159825 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.22.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal and in vitro studies suggest that aspirin may inhibit breast cancer metastasis. We studied whether aspirin use among women with breast cancer decreased their risk of death from breast cancer. METHODS This was a prospective observational study based on responses from 4,164 female registered nurses in the Nurses' Health Study who were diagnosed with stages I, II, or III breast cancer between 1976 and 2002 and were observed until death or June 2006, whichever came first. The main outcome was breast cancer mortality risk according to number of days per week of aspirin use (0, 1, 2 to 5, or 6 to 7 days) first assessed at least 12 months after diagnosis and updated. RESULTS There were 341 breast cancer deaths. Aspirin use was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer death. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) for 1, 2 to 5, and 6 to 7 days of aspirin use per week compared with no use were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.63), 0.29 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.52), and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.54), respectively (test for linear trend, P < .001). This association did not differ appreciably by stage, menopausal status, body mass index, or estrogen receptor status. Results were similar for distant recurrence. The adjusted RRs were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.33), 0.40 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.65), and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.82; test for trend, P = .03) for 1, 2 to 5, and 6 to 7 days of aspirin use, respectively. CONCLUSION Among women living at least 1 year after a breast cancer diagnosis, aspirin use was associated with a decreased risk of distant recurrence and breast cancer death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Holmes
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Hu C, van der Heijden R, Wang M, van der Greef J, Hankemeier T, Xu G. Analytical strategies in lipidomics and applications in disease biomarker discovery. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2836-46. [PMID: 19233743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recently, lipid profiling, or so-called lipidomics research, has captured increased attention due to the well-recognized roles of lipids in numerous human diseases to which lipid-associated disorders contribute, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Investigating lipid biochemistry using a lipidomics approach will not only provide insights into the specific roles of lipid molecular species in health and disease, but will also assist in identifying potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic approaches for human health. Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry and rapid improvements in chromatographic techniques have led to the rapid expansion of the lipidomics research field. In this review, emphasis is given to the recent advances in lipidomics technologies and their applications in disease biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023 Dalian, China
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Milkevitch M, Jeitner TM, Beardsley NJ, Delikatny EJ. Lovastatin enhances phenylbutyrate-induced MR-visible glycerophosphocholine but not apoptosis in DU145 prostate cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:1166-76. [PMID: 17707130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effects of lovastatin on DU145 prostate cancer cells treated with phenylbutyrate (PB) was investigated in order to determine the NMR-detectable metabolic changes resulting from the cooperative activity of these two agents. DU145 cells were perfused with PB in the presence or absence of 10 microM of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin, and the results monitored by 31P and diffusion-weighted 1H NMR spectroscopy. Lovastatin had additive effects on the PB-induced NMR-visible total choline in 1H spectra, and glycerophosphocholine in 31P spectra but no significant effect on NMR-visible lipid. Moreover, lovastatin had no effect on the ability of PB to either promote the formation of oil red O-detectable lipid droplets or arrest the cell cycle. The most remarkable observations from these studies were that lovastatin enhanced the increase in glycerophosphocholine while reversing late markers of apoptosis and the loss of NTP caused by PB. These results identify a branch point separating the neutral lipid production and the apoptotic cell death caused by the actions of differentiating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Milkevitch
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ackerstaff E, Gimi B, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin reduces invasion and alters metabolism in a human breast cancer cell line. Neoplasia 2007; 9:222-35. [PMID: 17401462 PMCID: PMC1839772 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hostile physiological environments such as hypoxia and acidic extracellular pH, which exist in solid tumors, may promote invasion and metastasis through inflammatory responses and formation of eicosanoids. Here, we have investigated the effects of the anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin on the invasion and metabolism of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles (DME)-based or Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-based cell medium, using a magnetic resonance-compatible invasion assay. Indomethacin treatment significantly reduced the invasion of MDA-MB-435 cells independent of the culture and perfusion conditions examined. Significant changes were detected in levels of intracellular choline phospholipid metabolites and in triglyceride (TG) concentrations of these cells, depending on indomethacin treatment and basal cell medium used. Additionally, genetic profiling of breast cancer cells, grown and treated with low-dose indomethacin in cell culture using an RPMI-based medium, revealed the upregulation of several genes implicating cyclooxygenase-independent targets of indomethacin. These data confirm the ability of an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce breast cancer invasion and demonstrate, depending on cell culture and perfusion conditions, that the indomethacin-induced decrease in invasion is associated with changes in choline phospholipid metabolism, TG metabolism, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ackerstaff
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Sitter B, Lundgren S, Bathen TF, Halgunset J, Fjosne HE, Gribbestad IS. Comparison of HR MAS MR spectroscopic profiles of breast cancer tissue with clinical parameters. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2006; 19:30-40. [PMID: 16229059 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent form of cancer in women and improved diagnostic methods are desirable. Malignant cells have altered metabolism and metabolic mapping might become a tool in cancer diagnostics. High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) MR spectroscopy of tissue biopsies provides detailed information on metabolic composition. The 600 MHz 1H HR MAS spectra were acquired of breast cancer tissue from 85 patients and adjacent non-involved tissue from 18 of these patients. Tissue specimens were investigated by microscopy after MR analysis. The resulting spectra were examined by three different approaches. Relative intensities of glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocholine (PC) and choline were compared for cancerous and non-involved specimens. Eight metabolites, choline, creatine, beta-glucose, GPC, glycine, myo-inositol, PC and taurine, were quantified from the recorded spectra and compared with tumor histological type and size, patient's lymph node status and tissue composition of sample. The spectra were also compared with tumor histological type and size, lymph node status and tissue composition of samples using principal component analysis (PCA). Tumor samples could be distinguished from non-involved samples (82% sensitivity, 100% specificity) based on relative intensities of signals from GPC, PC and choline in 1H HR MAS spectra. Tissue concentrations of metabolites showed few differences between groups of samples, which can be caused by limitations in the quantification procedure. Choline and glycine concentrations were found to be significantly higher in tumors larger than 2 cm compared with smaller tumors. PCA of MAS spectra from patients with invasive ductal carcinomas indicated a possible prediction of spread to axillary lymph nodes. Metabolite estimates and PCA of MAS spectra were influenced by the percentage of tumor cells in the investigated specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beathe Sitter
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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14
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for more than two decades to interrogate metabolite distributions in living cells and tissues. Techniques have been developed that allow multiple spectra to be obtained simultaneously with individual volume elements as small as 1 uL of tissue (i.e., 1 x 1 x 1 mm(3)). The most common modern applications of in vivo MRS use endogenous signals from (1)H, (31)P, or (23)Na. Important contributions have also been made using exogenous compounds containing (19)F, (13)C, or (17)O. MRS has been used to investigate cardiac and skeletal muscle energetics, neurobiology, and cancer. This review focuses on the latter applications, with specific reference to the measurement of tissue choline, which has proven to be a tumor biomarker that is significantly affected by anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gillies
- Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA.
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Mori N, Delsite R, Natarajan K, Kulawiec M, Bhujwalla ZM, Singh KK. Loss of P53 Function in Colon Cancer Cells Results in Increased Phosphocholine and Total Choline. Mol Imaging 2004; 3:319-23. [PMID: 15802048 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200404121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the p53 gene are the most frequently observed genetic lesions in human cancers. Human cancers that contain a p53 mutation are more aggressive, more apt to metastasize, and more often fatal. p53 controls numerous downstream targets that can influence various outcomes such as apoptosis, growth arrest, and DNA repair. Based on previous observations using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we have identified choline phospholipid metabolite intensities typical of increased malignancy. Here we have used (1)H MRS to characterize the choline phospholipid metabolite levels of p53(+/ +) and p53(-/-) cells, and demonstrated that loss of p53 function results in increased phosphocholine and total choline. These data suggest that the increased malignancy of cancer cells resulting from loss of p53 may be mediated, in part, through the choline phospholipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Mori
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Berger JC, Vander Griend D, Stadler WM, Rinker-Schaeffer C. Metastasis suppressor genes: signal transduction, cross-talk and the potential for modulating the behavior of metastatic cells. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15:559-68. [PMID: 15205597 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000132233.36512.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, research from various disciplines has stimulated a re-evaluation of our ideas of how cancers metastasize. Two important findings have been fundamental to this re-evaluation: that cancer cells are subject to growth regulation at the secondary site and that a specific class of proteins suppresses the metastatic phenotype. These proteins are encoded by metastasis suppressor genes, which are operationally defined as genes that suppress in vivo metastasis without inhibiting primary tumor growth when transfected into metastatic cell lines and injected into experimental animals. Recent biochemical studies have shown that certain metastasis suppressor proteins participate in highly conserved signal transduction cascades that mediate cellular responses to growth factors, cytokines and cellular stresses. Further elucidation of the biochemical foundations of these pathways coupled with strong in vivo studies should give us insight into the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, and may hold important implications for the future of cancer staging and therapy, using both existing and novel modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Berger
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mori N, Natarajan K, Chacko VP, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Choline Phospholipid Metabolites of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Altered by Cyclooxygenase Inhibition, Growth Factor Depletion, and Paracrine Factors Secreted by Cancer Cells. Mol Imaging 2003; 2:124-30. [PMID: 12964309 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200303127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance studies have previously shown that solid tumors and cancer cells in culture typically exhibit high phosphocholine and total choline. Treatment of cancer cells with the anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin (INDO), reverted the phenotype of choline phospholipid metabolites in cancer cells towards a less malignant phenotype. Since endothelial cells form a key component of tumor vasculature, in this study, we used MR spectroscopy to characterize the phenotype of choline phospholipid metabolites in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We determined the effect of growth factors, the anti-inflammatory agent INDO, and conditioned media obtained from a malignant cell line, on choline phospholipid metabolites. Growth factor depletion or treatment with INDO induced similar changes in the choline phospholipid metabolites of HUVECs. Treatment with conditioned medium obtained from MDA-MB-231 cancer cells induced changes similar to the presence of growth factor supplements. These results suggest that cancer cells secrete growth factors and/or other molecules that influence the choline phospholipid metabolism of HUVECs. The ability of INDO to alter choline phospholipid metabolism in the presence of growth factor supplements suggests that the inflammatory response pathways of HUVECs may play a role in cancer cell-HUVEC interaction and in the response of HUVECs to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Mori
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Fackler MJ, Evron E, Khan SA, Sukumar S. Novel agents for chemoprevention, screening methods, and sampling issues. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2003; 8:75-89. [PMID: 14587864 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025735405628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An aggressive approach to breast cancer control based on preventing the disease must complement efforts at effective treatment. To date clinical trials testing new chemopreventative agents have not generally met with the kind of success expected. A wide range of new breast cancer chemopreventative agents are poised to be tested in clinical trials. We review these novel agents and approaches, including those for which clinical trials have been initiated and those that are promising in the preclinical arena. Further progress in this area requires not only new agents, but novel methods for screening for risk assessment, sampling and development of intermediate biomarkers. We review these novel potential surrogate endpoints, including new imaging-techniques, breast sampling approaches, and methods to assess biomarkers in breast epithelium. Factors that could contribute to a meaningful choice of the chemopreventive agents and the design of clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Fackler
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, USA
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Glunde K, Ackerstaff E, Natarajan K, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Real-time changes in 1H and 31P NMR spectra of malignant human mammary epithelial cells during treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin. Magn Reson Med 2002; 48:819-25. [PMID: 12417996 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Choline metabolites in malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) are significantly altered compared to normal HMECs. (1)H NMR studies of cell extracts have shown that treatment of malignant HMECs with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin, results in a distribution of choline compounds more typical of nonmalignant HMECs. To follow the time course of these changes, in this study real-time monitoring of choline compounds of malignant MDA-MB-231 cells was performed during treatment with indomethacin. The contribution of changes in intra- and extracellular pH to changes in choline compounds was also examined. Changes in water-soluble choline phospholipid metabolites, such as phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and total choline, as well as intracellular pH, were monitored by (31)P and diffusion-weighted (1)H NMR spectroscopy of living cells using an NMR-compatible perfusion system. An accumulation of GPC and a decrease of PC, resulting in an increased [GPC]/[PC] ratio, were detected within 2 hr of treatment with 200 microM indomethacin. Since a decreased [GPC]/[PC] ratio is associated with increased malignancy, these data demonstrate that nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibition by indomethacin alters the choline metabolite profile of malignant cells towards a less malignant phenotype. These changes were not related to alterations of intra- or extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- MR Oncology Section, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Natarajan K, Mori N, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Exposure of human breast cancer cells to the anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin alters choline phospholipid metabolites and Nm23 expression. Neoplasia 2002; 4:409-16. [PMID: 12192599 PMCID: PMC1679817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2001] [Accepted: 11/21/2001] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed that changes in choline phospholipids of two malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) following treatment with a high dose of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, indomethacin, mimicked changes following transfection with a metastasis suppressor gene, nm23. The similarity between response to indomethacin and nm23 transfection led us to 1) expand our (1)H NMR spectroscopy study of indomethacin treatment by determining the response at two doses for two nonmalignant and three malignant HMECs, 2) investigate COX-1 and COX-2 levels in HMECs and their relationship with choline phosholipid metabolites, and 3) determine changes in Nm23 expression following treatment with indomethacin. All HMECs exhibited a significant change in choline phospholipids following treatment with 300 microM indomethacin. At the lower dose of 50 microM, only nonmalignant HMECs and the estrogen-dependent malignant cell line, MCF-7, responded. COX-1 levels were significantly higher in malignant HMECs than in nonmalignant HMECs. A significant increase in Nm23 expression following 300 microM indomethacin was detected in MCF-12A and MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells. These results suggest that COX-1 expression and its inhibition play a role in the choline phospholipid metabolism of HMECs, and the effect of indomethacin on HMECs may be mediated, in part, through upregulation of nm23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Natarajan
- Department of Radiology, MR Oncology Section, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Sitter B, Sonnewald U, Spraul M, Fjösne HE, Gribbestad IS. High-resolution magic angle spinning MRS of breast cancer tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2002; 15:327-337. [PMID: 12203224 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) may develop into a new diagnostic tool for studying intact tissue samples, and several types of cancer have been investigated with promising results. In this study HR MAS spectra of breast cancer tissue from 10 patients have been compared to conventional high-resolution spectra of perchloric acid extracts of the same tissue type. The HR MAS spectra show resolution comparable to spectra of extracts, and two-dimensional techniques lead to identification of a majority of the constituents. More than 30 different metabolites have been detected and assigned. To our knowledge this is the most detailed assignment of biochemical components in intact human breast tissue. The spectra of intact breast cancer tissue differ from perchloric acid extracts by the presence of lipids and fewer signals in the low field region. HR MAS analysis of intact breast tissue specimens is a rapid method, providing spectra with resolution where relative quantification of the majority of the detected metabolites is possible.
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