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Gengatharan A, Dykes GA, Choo WS. Fermentation of red pitahaya extracts using Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for reduction of sugar content and concentration of betacyanin content. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3611-3621. [PMID: 34366478 PMCID: PMC8292514 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to concentrate the betacyanin in red pitahaya extracts by removing the coexisting sugars by fermentation. Four lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum) and a yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were screened to determine their efficiency to reduce sugar content in red pitahaya extracts for concentration of their betacyanin content. A reduction of sugar content (19.8-56.4%) and increase in the yield of betacyanins were observed in all extracts as compared to the control, which was not innoculated with any microorganisms after 1 day of fermentation. The lowest total sugar content (26.40 g/L) was observed in extracts fermented by S. cerevisiae. Extracts fermented by S. cerevisiae also showed greater numbers of microbial cells (10.75 log CFU/mL) and a lower pH value (3.54) compared to those (6.89-8.48 log CFU/mL and pH 4.64-5.42) of the Lactobacillus spp. after 1 day of fermentation. An optimization step using response surface methodology (RSM) was then conducted using S. cerevisiae. Temperature, time and agitation speed were found to have a significant effect on the total sugar content and BC of concentrated betacyanins from red pitahaya, while the yield of betacyanins was significantly influenced by temperature and agitation speed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05116-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Gengatharan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Garys A. Dykes
- Graduate Research School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102 Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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Delaplace G, Jeantet R, Grenville R, Cuvelier G, Loubiere K. How dimensional analysis allows to go beyond Metzner–Otto concept for non-Newtonian fluids. REV CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The concept of Metzner and Otto was initially developed for correlating power measurements in stirred vessels for shear-thinning fluids in the laminar regime with regard to those obtained for Newtonian liquids. To get this overlap, Metzner and Otto postulated and determined an “effective shear rate” which was proportional to the rotational speed of the impeller Although it was not based on a strong theoretical background, it was rapidly admitted as a practical engineering approach and was extended for seeking out a “Newtonian correspondence” with non-Newtonian results (i.e. different classes of fluids). This was applied in a variety of tank processes even for predicting heat transfer or mixing time, which stretches far away from the frame initially envisaged by Metzner and Otto themselves. This paper aimed to show how dimensional analysis offers a theoretically founded framework to address this issue without the experimental determination of effective quantities. This work also aimed to enlarge the underlying questions to any process in which a variable material property exists and impacts the process. For that purpose, the pending questions of Metzner and Otto concept were first reminded (i.e. dependence of the Metzner–Otto constant to rheological parameters, physical meaning of the effective shear rate, etc.). Then, the theoretical background underlying the dimensional analysis was described and applied to the case of variable material properties (including non-Newtonian fluids), by introducing in particular the concept of material similarity. Finally, two examples were proposed to demonstrate how the rigorous framework associated with the dimensional analysis is a powerful method to exceed the concept of Metzner and Otto and can be adapted beyond the Ostwald–de Waele power law model to a wide range of non-Newtonian fluids in various processes, without being restricted to batch reactor and laminar regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaplace
- Université Lille , CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) , F-59000 , Lille , France
| | | | - Richard Grenville
- Philadelphia Mixing Solutions, Ltd. , 1221, East Main Street , Palmyra , PA , 17078 , USA
| | - Gérard Cuvelier
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA , Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue des Olympiades, 91300 , Massy , France
| | - Karine Loubiere
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS , Toulouse , France
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Online in situ viscosity determination in stirred tank reactors by measurement of the heat transfer capacity. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kambourova M, Radchenkova N, Tomova I, Bojadjieva I. Thermophiles as a Promising Source of Exopolysaccharides with Interesting Properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Auger F, André C, Bouvier L, Redl A, Morel MH, Delaplace G. Power Requirement for Mixing Shear-Thinning Fluids with a Planetary Mixer. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nirmalkar N, Gupta AK, Chhabra RP. Natural Convection from a Heated Sphere in Bingham Plastic Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503152k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Nirmalkar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - A. K Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - R. P. Chhabra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Nankari, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - R. P. Chhabra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Nankari, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Radchenkova N, Vassilev S, Martinov M, Kuncheva M, Panchev I, Vlaev S, Kambourova M. Optimization of the aeration and agitation speed of Aeribacillus palidus 418 exopolysaccharide production and the emulsifying properties of the product. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aggregation of silica nanoparticles in concentrated suspensions under turbulent, shear and extensional flows. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rahimi M, Kakekhani A, Alsairafi AA. Experimental and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies on mixing characteristics of a modified helical ribbon impeller. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gers R, Climent E, Legendre D, Anne-Archard D, Frances C. Numerical modelling of grinding in a stirred media mill: Hydrodynamics and collision characteristics. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maingonnat J, Doublier J, Lefebvre J, Delaplace G. Power consumption of a double ribbon impeller with newtonian and shear thinning fluids and during the gelation of a iota-carrageenan solution. J FOOD ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chhabra RP, Bouvier L, Delaplace G, Cuvelier G, Domenek S, André C. Determination of Mixing Times with Helical Ribbon Impeller for Non-Newtonian Viscous Fluids Using an Advanced Imaging Method. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200700320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shear and skin friction on particles in power-law fluids agitated by flat-blade and fluid foil impellers. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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An analytical model for the prediction of power consumption for shear-thinning fluids with helical ribbon and helical screw ribbon impellers. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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