1
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Bao M, Łuczak K, Chaładaj W, Baird M, Gryko D, Doyle MP. Photo-cycloaddition reactions of vinyldiazo compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4574. [PMID: 38811537 PMCID: PMC11137122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic rings are important structural scaffolds encountered in both natural and synthetic compounds, and their biological activity often depends on these motifs. They are predominantly accessible via cycloaddition reactions, realized by either thermal, photochemical, or catalytic means. Various starting materials are utilized for this purpose, and, among them, diazo compounds are often encountered, especially vinyldiazo compounds that give access to donor-acceptor cyclopropenes which engage in [2+n] cycloaddition reactions. Herein, we describe the development of photochemical processes that produce diverse heterocyclic scaffolds from multisubstituted oximidovinyldiazo compounds. High chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerance, and excellent scalability characterize this methodology, thus predisposing it for broader applications. Experimental and computational studies reveal that under light irradiation these diazo reagents selectively transform into cyclopropenes which engage in cycloaddition reactions with various dipoles, while under thermal conditions the formation of pyrazole from vinyldiazo compounds is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Klaudia Łuczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marriah Baird
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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2
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Du J, Li YF, Ding CH. Recent advances of Pd-p-allyl zwitterions in cycloaddition reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Ivanova EE, Shabalin DA, Ushakov IA, Vashchenko AV, Schmidt EY, Trofimov BA. Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- d]oxadiazoles from functionalized Δ 1-pyrrolines and in situ generated nitrile oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1725-1736. [PMID: 36723150 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-d]oxadiazoles have been synthesized in good-to-excellent yields via the cycloaddition of nitrile oxides (in situ generated from aldoximes) to readily accessible functionalized Δ1-pyrrolines. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in a two-phase system in the presence of sodium hypochloride as an oxidant to diastereoselectively afford pharmaceutically prospective 1,2,4-oxadiazolines fused with a five-membered ring. The reaction tolerates a broad range of substrates, including those with oxidant-sensitive functional groups and competitive reaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya E Ivanova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitrii A Shabalin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor' A Ushakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Vashchenko
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Yu Schmidt
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation.
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4
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Fawzi M, Oubella A, Bimoussa A, Saadi M, Ammari LE, Ketatni EM, Morjani H, Aititto MY, Auhmani A. Diastereomerically Pure (S)‐
Verbenone‐Isoxazoline
Hybrids: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis,
DFT
, Cytotoxic Effect and Apoptosis Induction. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Fawzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Unit of Organic Synthesis and Physico‐Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, PO Box 2390 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Ali Oubella
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Unit of Organic Synthesis and Physico‐Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, PO Box 2390 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Abdoullah Bimoussa
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Unit of Organic Synthesis and Physico‐Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, PO Box 2390 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, P.O Box 1014 Rabat Morocco
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, P.O Box 1014 Rabat Morocco
| | - El Mostafa Ketatni
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Science and Technics Sultan Moulay Slimane University, PO Box 523, Beni‐Mellal Morocco
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Unité BioSpecT, EA7506, SFR CAP‐Santé, UFR de Pharmacie Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne France
| | - Moulay Youssef Aititto
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Unit of Organic Synthesis and Physico‐Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, PO Box 2390 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Aziz Auhmani
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Unit of Organic Synthesis and Physico‐Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, PO Box 2390 Marrakech Morocco
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5
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De Angelis L, Crawford AM, Su YL, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Catalyst-Free Formation of Nitrile Oxides and Their Further Transformations to Diverse Heterocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:925-929. [PMID: 33417468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of nitrile oxides with diazocarbonyl compounds by nitrosyl transfer from tert-butyl nitrite under mild conditions and without the use of a catalyst or an additive is reported. This transformation is broadly applicable to the synthesis of furoxans by dimerization and isoxazoles and isoxazolines by cycloaddition. This methodology is also applied for the millimole-scale synthesis of two biologically active compounds. The formation of the nitrile oxide from a diazoacetamide is stable and confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Alexandra M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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6
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Kącka-Zych A, Jasiński R. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the stereoselective conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives has been explored using the density functional theory method within the context of molecular electron density theory at the ωB97XD(PCM)/6-311G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
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7
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Wang X, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Guan W, Li Y. A Tandem Ring‐Opening/Michael Addition/Ring‐Closure Sequence for the Regiospecific Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Guan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Youbin Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine and School of PharmacyHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
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8
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Zhao S, Wang H, Sun S, Guo H, Chen Z, Wang J, Wang L, Liang S, Wang G. An efficient synthesis of 2-isoxazolines from α-haloketone oximes and dimethyl sulfonium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zhao G, Liang L, Wen CHE, Tong R. In Situ Generation of Nitrile Oxides from NaCl-Oxone Oxidation of Various Aldoximes and Their 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2018; 21:315-319. [PMID: 30576159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported is a new green protocol for the efficient in situ generation of nitrile oxides through NaCl/Oxone oxidation of aldoximes and their dipolar cycloaddition. The key feature is the use of a green chemistry approach to address the substrate scope of aldoximes: broad scope (aliphatic, aromatic, and alkenyl aldoximes) without production of organic byproducts derived from oxidant and/or catalyst. Importantly, NaCl/Oxone-promoted three-component cycloaddition of aldehyde, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and alkene was demonstrated to be competent (63-81%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clearwater Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clearwater Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong China
| | - Chi Ho Ethan Wen
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clearwater Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clearwater Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong China.,HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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10
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11
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Bondarenko OB, Komarov AI, Kuznetsova LI, Nikolaeva SN, Gavrilova AY, Zyk NV. Nitrosylsulfuric acid as an oxidant in the synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazoles. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Soleimani E, Yazdani H, Saei P. Synthesis of spiro 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles via [1,3]dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Synthetic exploitation of halogenated alkenes containing an electron-withdrawing group: synthesis of α-chlorohydrazones and ketene aminals by regiospecific reactions of in situ generated imide chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zardoost MR, Siadati SA. A DFT study on the effect of functional groups on the formation kinetics of 1,2,3-triazolo-1,4-benzoxazine via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/146867813x13632857557653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the kinetics and mechanism of the intramolecular cycloaddition of 1,2,3-triazolo-1,4-benzoxazine was performed using DFT methods at the B3LYP level of theory with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set at 298.15 K and 310.15 K. Equilibrium molecular geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the reactant, transition state and product were calculated. The solvent effect on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the reaction were investigated. The calculated rate constants and activation thermodynamic parameters showed good agreement with experimental results. These calculations indicated that the reaction proceeds through a synchronous concerted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyyed Amir Siadati
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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15
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Krompiec S, Bujak P, Malarz J, Krompiec M, Skórka Ł, Pluta T, Danikiewicz W, Kania M, Kusz J. An isomerization—1,3-dipolar cycloaddition tandem reaction towards the synthesis of 3-aryl-4-methyl-5-O-substituted isoxazolines from O-allyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Harding SL, Marcuccio SM, Savage GP. Aryl nitrile oxide cycloaddition reactions in the presence of pinacol boronic acid ester. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:606-12. [PMID: 22563358 PMCID: PMC3343286 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An aryl substrate with dual functionality consisting of a nitrile oxide and a pinacolyl boronate ester was prepared by mild hypervalent iodine oxidation (diacetoxyiodobenzene) of the corresponding aldoxime, without decomposition of the boronate functionality. The nitrile oxide was trapped in situ with a variety of dipolarophiles to yield aryl isoxazolines with the boronate ester function intact and available for subsequent reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Harding
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Vic 3169, Australia
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17
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Wirtz L, Kazmaier U. A Straightforward Approach towards Isoxazoline Amino Acid Esters by Domino Michael Additions/Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Tang S, He J, Sun Y, He L, She X. Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy-2-isoxazolines: Versatile Synthons for Isoxazoles, β-Lactams, and γ-Amino Alcohols. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1961-6. [PMID: 20151710 DOI: 10.1021/jo1000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuer He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Altuğ C, Dürüst Y, Elliott MC, Kariuki BM, Rorstad T, Zaal M. Reaction of heterocyclic enamines with nitrile oxide and nitrilimine precursors. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4978-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Beattie NJ, Francis CL, Liepa AJ, Savage GP. Spiroheterocycles via Regioselective Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides with 5-Methylene-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 5-methylene-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones underwent a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with nitrile oxides to give the corresponding spiro heterocycles. Critical to this reaction was the development of a biphasic system for base-induced dehydrohalogenation of hydroximoyl chlorides, to give nitrile oxides, in the presence of a base-sensitive dipolarophile. A substituted N-tolyl 5-methylene-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one exhibited atropisomerism, which in turn led to a 4:1 facial selectivity during cycloaddition.
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21
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Altuğ C, Dürüst Y, Elliott MC. Reactions of alkylidenepyrrolidines with α-chlorooximes and α-chlorohydrazones. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Girardin M, Alsabeh PG, Lauzon S, Dolman SJ, Ouellet SG, Hughes G. Synthesis of 3-Aminoisoxazoles via the Addition−Elimination of Amines on 3-Bromoisoxazolines. Org Lett 2009; 11:1159-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Girardin
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
| | - Pamela G. Alsabeh
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
| | - Sophie Lauzon
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
| | - Sarah J. Dolman
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
| | - Stéphane G. Ouellet
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
| | - Greg Hughes
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Québec, Canada H9H 3L1
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25
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Newton R, Savage GP. Regioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 4-Methylene-2-oxazolidinones with Benzonitrile Oxide. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones were prepared in two steps by cyclizing O-propargyl carbamates, which in turn were prepared from propargyl alcohols and phenyl isocyanate. The 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones underwent a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with benzonitrile oxide to give the corresponding spiro heterocycles. Where the substitution pattern on the oxazolidinone engendered facial asymmetry, the cycloadditon reaction proceeded with 5:1 selectivity for the less hindered face of the dipolarophile.
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26
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Barr L, Lincoln SF, Easton CJ. Reversal of Regioselectivity and Enhancement of Rates of Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions through Transient Attachment of Dipolarophiles to Cyclodextrins. Chemistry 2006; 12:8571-80. [PMID: 16981207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of nitrile oxides with monosubstituted dipolarophiles, such as propiolamide, typically afford proportionally 80 % or more of the 3,5-disubstituted cycloadducts. By contrast, the reactions of 6(A)-deoxy-6(A)-propynamido-beta-cyclodextrin with 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide and 4-phenylbenzonitrile oxide afford >90 % and approximately 85 % of the corresponding 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoles, respectively. As well as reversing the regioselectivity, the cyclodextrin increases the rates of these cycloadditions. The extent of the acceleration is up to more than three orders of magnitude for the production of the cycloadduct preferred by the cyclodextrin, but even the rate of reaction to give the less favored regioisomer is increased. With 6(A)-deoxy-6(A)-propynamido-beta-cyclodextrin, the cycloadducts are not easily separated from the cyclodextrin, as the amide bond is not readily cleaved. In comparison, the regioselectivity of the cycloadditions of 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid is also altered by formation of the corresponding cyclodextrin esters, by factors of 500, >10, and >100, respectively. The rates of cycloaddition are also increased by up to 475 times, and in these cases the products of cycloaddition are readily released from the cyclodextrin through ester hydrolysis. Incorporating these processes into a reaction cycle, acylation of beta-cyclodextrin with p-nitrophenyl acrylate and subsequent treatment first with 4-tert-butylbenzonitrile oxide and then with base, the latter to catalyze ester hydrolysis and regenerate the beta-cyclodextrin, affords proportionally fivefold more of the 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoline than is produced directly from acrylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Barr
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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27
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Senthilvelan A, Lee GH, Chung WS. A novel photoinduced ring opening and isomerization of adamantane-2-spiro isoxazolines using Mo(CO)6. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Chu JH, Li WS, Chao I, Lee GH, Chung WS. Regioselectivity in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of adamantylidenefulvene and its modification by inclusion in cyclodextrins' solutions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee CKY, Herlt AJ, Simpson GW, Willis AC, Easton CJ. 4-Alkoxycarbonyl- and Aminocarbonyl-Substituted Isoxazoles as Masked Acrylates and Acrylamides in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Δ2-Isoxazolines. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3221-31. [PMID: 16599621 DOI: 10.1021/jo0602569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Alkoxycarbonyl and aminocarbonyl-substituted isoxazoles undergo conjugate reduction to give delta2-isoxazolines on treatment with sodium borohydride and sodium trifluoroacetoxyborohydride, respectively. They are also alkylated at C5 through sonication with secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides in the presence of zinc dust and copper(I) iodide. These reactions are analogous to those observed with acrylates and acrylamides. The behavior is characteristic of the 4-substituted isoxazoles but not the 5-substituted regioisomers. The reductions of 4,5-disubstituted isoxazoles and the C5 alkylations of 4-substituted isoxazoles generally afford trans-4,5-disubstituted isoxazolines. Incorporating chiral auxiliaries into the alkoxycarbonyl group maintains this relative stereoselectivity. It does not provide significant levels of asymmetric induction in the reductions, but the alkylations occur with good levels of stereocontrol at both C4 and C5. Because both enantiomers of the auxiliaries are available, this provides access to either enantiomer of the products, in 93 to > or = 98% de. The methodology, therefore, provides a complementary approach to nitrile oxide cycloadditions to alkenes for the asymmetric synthesis of delta2-isoxazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie K Y Lee
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Muri D, Lohse-Fraefel N, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of Erythronolide A by MgII-Mediated Cycloadditions of Nitrile Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4036-8. [PMID: 15906401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Muri
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Muri D, Lohse-Fraefel N, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of Erythronolide A by MgII-Mediated Cycloadditions of Nitrile Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Savage GP, Wernert GT. Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Chemistry Using Benzotriazole as a Steric Auxiliary. Aust J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/ch05189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relatively hindered 2,2-bis(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetonitrile oxide was prepared in situ from the precursor hydroximinoyl chloride, and was allowed to react with dipolarophiles to give rise to several isoxazoles. The benzotriazole substituents acted as steric auxiliaries to prevent unwanted dimerization of the nitrile oxide to the furoxan by-product.
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Barr L, Dumanski PG, Easton CJ, Harper JB, Lee K, Lincoln SF, Meyer AG, Simpson JS. Cyclodextrin Molecular Reactors. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-004-8833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bode JW, Fraefel N, Muri D, Carreira EM. A General Solution to the Modular Synthesis of Polyketide Building Blocks by Kanemasa Hydroxy-Directed Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:2082-2085. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2082::aid-anie2082>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bode JW, Fraefel N, Muri D, Carreira EM. Ein allgemeiner Ansatz für die modulare Synthese von Polyketid-Bausteinen durch die Hydroxy-gesteuerte Nitriloxid-Cycloaddition nach Kanemasa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010601)113:11<2128::aid-ange2128>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Salgado-Zamora H, Campos E, Jiménez R, Ruiz R, Castaneda T, Turiján S. OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF ARYLFURO-1,2-OXAZOLES TO ARYLNITRILES BY POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2001.7.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Palladium-catalysed cascade molecular queuing-cycloaddition, cyclocondensation and Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Convergent assembly of aldol linkages. A study of the stereoselective nitrile oxide cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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A novel, general method for the synthesis of nitrile oxides: dehydration of O-silylated hydroxamic acids. Org Lett 2000; 2:539-41. [PMID: 10814371 DOI: 10.1021/ol991396q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] O-Silylated hydroxamic acids serve as stable, readily accessible, crystalline precursors to nitrile oxides when treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and triethylamine. Under these mild conditions in the presence of olefins O-silylated hydroxamic acids afford isoxazoline cycloadducts. This procedure represents a novel, general method for the one-step generation of nitrile oxides, which complements existing protocols.
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Kanemasa S, Matsuda H, Kamimura A, Kakinami T. Synthesis of Hydroximoyl Chlorides from Aldoximes and Benzyltrimethylammonium Tetrachloroiodate (BTMA ICl4). Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cossío FP, Morao I, Jiao H, Schleyer PVR. In-Plane Aromaticity in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. Solvent Effects, Selectivity, and Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9831397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Dawood KM, Kandeel ZE, Farag AM. Heterocyclic synthesis via enaminones: Regioselective synthesis of some novel pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrimidine, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1071(1999)10:5<417::aid-hc12>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part VI. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 73 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Nishiwaki N, Uehara T, Asaka N, Tohda Y, Ariga M, Kanemasa S. Improved generation method for functionalized nitrile oxide. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Strauss A, Otto HH. 1, 3-Cycloadditions to Highly Substituted, Strained Double Bonds: Spiro ?-lactams from ?-methylidene-?-lactams by reactions with diphenylnitrilimine, acetonitrile oxide, nitrones, and diazomethane. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Barrow SJ, Easton CJ, Savage G, Simpson GW. Exploiting the 1,3-dithiane of 2-oxopropanenitrile oxide to limit competing dimerization in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Synthesis of α-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-5-isoxazoleacetic acid, a ring-methylated analogue of the antitumor agent acivicin (AT-125). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199519950486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Aryl nitrile oxide cycloaddition reactions in the presence of baker's yeast and β-cyclodextrin. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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