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Begley DA, Sundberg JP, Krupke DM, Neuhauser SB, Bult CJ, Eppig JT, Morse HC, Ward JM. Finding mouse models of human lymphomas and leukemia's using the Jackson laboratory mouse tumor biology database. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:533-6. [PMID: 26302176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many mouse models have been created to study hematopoietic cancer types. There are over thirty hematopoietic tumor types and subtypes, both human and mouse, with various origins, characteristics and clinical prognoses. Determining the specific type of hematopoietic lesion produced in a mouse model and identifying mouse models that correspond to the human subtypes of these lesions has been a continuing challenge for the scientific community. The Mouse Tumor Biology Database (MTB; http://tumor.informatics.jax.org) is designed to facilitate use of mouse models of human cancer by providing detailed histopathologic and molecular information on lymphoma subtypes, including expertly annotated, on line, whole slide scans, and providing a repository for storing information on and querying these data for specific lymphoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Herbert C Morse
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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de Jong D, Janz S. Anaplastic plasmacytoma of mouse--establishing parallels between subtypes of mouse and human plasma cell neoplasia. J Pathol 2010; 221:242-7. [PMID: 20527018 DOI: 10.1002/path.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models may provide an important tool for basic and applied research on human diseases. An ideal tumour model should replicate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of human malignancy as well as the typical physiological effects and dissemination patterns. The histopathological and molecular genetic characterization of anaplastic plasmacytoma (APCT) in strain NSF.V(+) mice provides an example to achieve this goal for a specific lymphoma subtype. Firstly, it demonstrates that, like plasma-cell neoplasms in humans, those in mice occur as distinct subtypes. Secondly, it shows that mouse APCT exhibits striking parallels to possible human tumour counterparts for which good mouse models of de novo tumour development are sorely needed: IgM(+) multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. Thirdly, it strongly suggests that insertional somatic mutagenesis, by either a murine leukaemia virus or an oncogenic transposon, would be an effective experimental approach to accelerating malignant transformation of mature B cells and plasma cells in mice and, thereby, tagging and uncovering cancer driver genes that may be of great relevance for the tumour initiation and progression in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Eef1a2 promotes cell growth, inhibits apoptosis and activates JAK/STAT and AKT signaling in mouse plasmacytomas. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10755. [PMID: 20505761 PMCID: PMC2873962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The canonical function of EEF1A2, normally expressed only in muscle, brain, and heart, is in translational elongation, but recent studies suggest a non-canonical function as a proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors including breast and ovary. Transcriptional profiling of a spectrum of primary mouse B cell lineage neoplasms showed that transcripts encoding EEF1A2 were uniquely overexpressed in plasmacytomas (PCT), tumors of mature plasma cells. Cases of human multiple myeloma expressed significantly higher levels of EEF1A2 transcripts than normal bone marrow plasma cells. High-level expression was also a feature of a subset of cell lines developed from mouse PCT and from the human MM. Methodology/Principal Findings Heightened expression of EEF1A2 was not associated with increased copy number or coding sequence mutations. shRNA-mediated knockdown of Eef1a2 transcripts and protein was associated with growth inhibition due to delayed G1-S progression, and effects on apoptosis that were seen only under serum-starved conditions. Transcriptional profiles and western blot analyses of knockdown cells revealed impaired JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling suggesting their contributions to EEF1A2-mediated effects on PCT induction or progression. Conclusions/Significance EEF1A2 may play contribute to the induction or progression of some PCT and a small percentage of MM. Eef1a2 could also prove to be a useful new marker for a subset of MM and, ultimately, a possible target for therapy.
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Warren M, Chung YJ, Howat WJ, Kitson H, McGinnis R, Hao X, McCafferty J, Fredrickson TN, Bradley A, Morse HC. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice are a highly tumor prone model for analysis of a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2010; 34:210-20. [PMID: 19709744 PMCID: PMC2815150 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BLM gene cause human Bloom syndrome (BS), an autosomal recessive disorder of growth retardation, immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition. Homozygous null Blm(m3/m3) mice are cancer prone with a 5-fold increased risk of cancer compared with Blm(m3/+) and Blm(+/+) mice. Irradiation of Blm(m3/m3) mice increased the risk to 28-fold. Tumors occurred mainly in the hematopoietic system and were similar to those in BS based on detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice thus provide a novel model for understanding accelerated malignancies in BS and a new platform for investigating the molecular basis for a wide range of hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Warren
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William J. Howat
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannah Kitson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ralph McGinnis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xingpei Hao
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - John McCafferty
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Torgny N. Fredrickson
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Lee CH, Melchers M, Wang H, Torrey TA, Slota R, Qi CF, Kim JY, Lugar P, Kong HJ, Farrington L, van der Zouwen B, Zhou JX, Lougaris V, Lipsky PE, Grammer AC, Morse HC. Regulation of the germinal center gene program by interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 8/IFN consensus sequence-binding protein. J Exp Med 2006; 203:63-72. [PMID: 16380510 PMCID: PMC2118063 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence-binding protein/IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor that regulates the differentiation and function of macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells through activation or repression of target genes. Although IRF8 is also expressed in lymphocytes, its roles in B cell and T cell maturation or function are ill defined, and few transcriptional targets are known. Gene expression profiling of human tonsillar B cells and mouse B cell lymphomas showed that IRF8 transcripts were expressed at highest levels in centroblasts, either from secondary lymphoid tissue or transformed cells. In addition, staining for IRF8 was most intense in tonsillar germinal center (GC) dark-zone centroblasts. To discover B cell genes regulated by IRF8, we transfected purified primary tonsillar B cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged IRF8, generated small interfering RNA knockdowns of IRF8 expression in a mouse B cell lymphoma cell line, and examined the effects of a null mutation of IRF8 on B cells. Each approach identified activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and BCL6 as targets of transcriptional activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated in vivo occupancy of 5' sequences of both genes by IRF8 protein. These results suggest previously unappreciated roles for IRF8 in the transcriptional regulation of B cell GC reactions that include direct regulation of AICDA and BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Onciu M, Schlette E, Zhou Y, Raimondi SC, Giles FJ, Kantarjian HM, Medeiros LJ, Ribeiro RC, Pui CH, Sandlund JT. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities predict outcome in pediatric and adult high-stage Burkitt lymphoma. Cancer 2006; 107:1084-92. [PMID: 16862570 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karyotypic abnormalities in sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have been described extensively. However, to the authors' knowledge, very limited studies have focused on the secondary chromosomal abnormalities in pediatric BL as compared with those of adult BL and on their prognostic impact. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in all pediatric and adult patients at 2 institutions, with a morphologic diagnosis of BL, pretherapy tumor karyotype available, and t(8;14), t(8;22), or t(2;8) present. RESULTS There were 33 children and 37 adults. The majority of the patients (95%) had Stage III/IV disease. There were no statistically significant differences noted in karyotype complexity and the nature of the chromosomal abnormalities between these 2 groups. Abnormalities of chromosomes 13 (13q) and 22 (22q) had a negative impact on prognosis in children. In adults, abnormalities of chromosome 17 appeared to have a negative impact. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that karyotypic information can be used for refining risk stratification in patients with BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Onciu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Qi CF, Xiang S, Shin MS, Hao X, Lee CH, Zhou JX, Torrey TA, Hartley JW, Fredrickson TN, Morse HC. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and its deregulation in mouse B cell lymphomas. Leuk Res 2005; 30:153-63. [PMID: 16122798 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CDKN1B (p27) regulates cell-cycle progression at the G1-S transition by suppressing the cyclin E/CDK2 kinase complex. In normal lymphocytes and most human B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), there is an inverse correlation between proliferative activity and expression of p27; however, a subset of NHL with high mitotic indices expresses p27, which is inactive due to sequestration in nuclear protein complexes or due to cytoplasmic retention. Our studies of mouse B cell NHL also identified cases with high proliferative activity and high levels of p27 at a surprisingly high frequency. Here, p27 was complexed with D-type cyclins 1 and 3 and with the COPS9 protein, JAB1. In addition, we found cytoplasmic sequestration following phosphorylation by activated AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook I, Room 1421, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Zhang JQ, Okumura C, McCarty T, Shin MS, Mukhopadhyay P, Hori M, Torrey TA, Naghashfar Z, Zhou JX, Lee CH, Roopenian DC, Morse HC, Davidson WF. Evidence for selective transformation of autoreactive immature plasma cells in mice deficient in Fasl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 200:1467-78. [PMID: 15583018 PMCID: PMC2211944 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20041575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in Fas and Fasl induce nonmalignant T cell hyperplasia and systemic autoimmunity and also greatly increase the risk of B cell neoplasms. B lymphomas occurring in Fasl mutant (gld) mice usually are immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switched, secrete Ig, and are plasmacytoid in appearance but lack Myc translocations characteristic of other plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. Here, we explore the relationship between B cell autoreactivity and transformation and use gene expression profiling to further classify gld plasmacytoid lymphomas (PLs) and to identify genes of potential importance in transformation. We found that the majority of PLs derive from antigen-experienced autoreactive B cells producing antinuclear antibody or rheumatoid factor and exhibit the skewed Ig V gene repertoire and Ig gene rearrangement patterns associated with these specificities. Gene expression profiling revealed that both primary and transplanted PLs share a transcriptional profile that places them at an early stage in PC differentiation and distinguishes them from other B cell neoplasms. In addition, genes were identified whose altered expression might be relevant in lymphomagenesis. Our findings provide a strong case for targeted transformation of autoreactive B cells in gld mice and establish a valuable model for understanding the relationship between systemic autoimmunity and B cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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Baron BW, Anastasi J, Montag A, Huo D, Baron RM, Karrison T, Thirman MJ, Subudhi SK, Chin RK, Felsher DW, Fu YX, McKeithan TW, Baron JM. The human BCL6 transgene promotes the development of lymphomas in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:14198-203. [PMID: 15375218 PMCID: PMC521136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406138101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL6, a gene on chromosome 3, band q27, encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that is needed for germinal center formation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some human lymphomas when it is mutated or involved in chromosomal rearrangements. To explore further the mechanisms of action of BCL6 in lymphomagenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse model mimicking a common translocation, the t(3, 14)(q27;q32), in human lymphomas. The transgenic mice develop normally and express the transgenic BCL6 protein constitutively in lymphocytes. A small fraction of the animals develop B and T cell lymphomas after a long latency period, but the incidence is dramatically enhanced following administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, a carcinogen that induces DNA mutations. The N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced lymphomas spread widely, were exclusively T cell, expressed the BCL6 protein, and occurred only in the transgenic mice. Because BCL6 expression has been reported in a number of T cell tumors as well as in the more commonly occurring B cell lymphomas in humans, our transgenic mice provide a model for the study of human lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly W Baron
- Department of Pathology, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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