1
|
Tao Y, Luan N, Yang C, Sun J, Li K, Dai X, Hailong Zhang, Zhifang Chai, Wang S, Wang Y. Incorporation of the 99TcO 4- Anion within the Ag 24(C≡C tBu) 204+ Cluster Unveiling the Unique Shell-to-Core Charge Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38489242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We present the first example of an 99TcO4- anion entrapped within the cavity of a silver cluster, revealing an unprecedented photoinduced charge transfer phenomenon. [Ag24(C≡CtBu)20(99TcO4)]·(BF4)3 (denoted as 99TcO4-@Ag24) was successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal that the tetrahedral structure of the 99TcO4- anion sustains significant symmetry breaking with weakened Tc-O bond strength under confinement within the Ag24(C≡CtBu)204+ cluster. Notably, 99TcO4-@Ag24 exhibits a broadband electronic absorption spectrum in the visible region, which was absent for the other 99TcO4--containing compounds. Density functional theory calculations elucidate that host-guest electrostatic interactions result in an electron polarization effect between the 99TcO4- anion core and the Ag24 cationic shell. The emergence of an absorption band in 99TcO4-@Ag24 is rationalized by intermolecular charge transfer from the Ag24 electronic states to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of 99TcO4- instead of the intramolecular electron transition observed in other 99TcO4--containing compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ni Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Separation of 99Tc from low level radioactive liquid waste using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane: optimisation and performance evaluation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Shahzad K, Majid ASA, Khan M, Iqbal MA, Ali A. Recent advances in the synthesis of (99mTechnetium) based radio-pharmaceuticals. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Technetium radionuclide (99mTc) has excellent extent of disintegration properties and occupies a special place in the field of nuclear medicinal chemistry and other health disciplines. Current review describes recent approaches of synthesis in detailed ways for radio-pharmaceuticals of technetium which have been developed to treat and diagnose the biotic disorders. These technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals have been established to apply in the field of diagnostic nuclear medicine especially for imaging of different body parts such as brain, heart, kidney, bones and so on, through single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that is thought to be difficult to image such organs by using common X-ray and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) techniques. This review highlights and accounts an inclusive study on the various synthetic routes of technetium labeled radio-pharmaceuticals using ligands with various donor atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus etc. These compounds can be utilized as next generation radio-pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | | | - Mumtaz Khan
- Health Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Asjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee MS, Saslow SA, Um W, Kim DS, Kruger AA, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA. Impact of Cr and Co on 99Tc retention in magnetite: A combined study of ab initio molecular dynamics and experiments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121721. [PMID: 31791864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of co-mingled dopants, Co(II) and Cr(III), on Tc(IV) incorporation and retention in magnetite under varying temperatures (75-700 °C) was explored using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, batch experiments, and solid phase characterization. Tc(IV) stabilization was achieved with a magnetite surface oversaturated with or containing an equal number of Tc and Cr. Under oversaturation conditions, the forced formation of a Cr2O3 phase on the magnetite surface may help prevent Tc release. Upon Co addition, and depending on the relative concentration of Tc, Cr, and Co at the magnetite surface, Co was found to preferentially stabilize Cr rather than Tc and suppress the formation of the protective Cr2O3 surface phase. Only systems with similar Cr/Co concentrations or relatively high Cr concentrations stabilized Tc within magnetite. As such, the relative concentration of Tc, Cr, and Co was identified as a critical parameter for maximizing dopant efficacy towards Tc stabilization in magnetite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Lee
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States.
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States.
| | - Wooyong Um
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering (DANE)/Division of Environmental Science and Engineering (DESE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea; Nuclear Environmental Technology Institute (NETI), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sang Kim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Albert A Kruger
- United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, P.O. Box 450, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bao P, Li GX, Sun GX, Xu YY, Meharg AA, Zhu YG. The role of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in the coupling of element biogeochemical cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:398-408. [PMID: 28918271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) represent a diverse group of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms that are ubiquitous in anoxic habitats. In addition to their important role in both sulfur and carbon cycles, SRP are important biotic and abiotic regulators of a variety of sulfur-driven coupled biogeochemical cycling of elements, including: oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine and metal(loid)s. SRP gain energy form most of the coupling of element transformation. Once sulfate-reducing conditions are established, sulfide precipitation becomes the predominant abiotic mechanism of metal(loid)s transformation, followed by co-precipitation between metal(loid)s. Anthropogenic contamination, since the industrial revolution, has dramatically disturbed sulfur-driven biogeochemical cycling; making sulfur coupled elements transformation complicated and unpredictable. We hypothesise that sulfur might be detoxication agent for the organic and inorganic toxic compounds, through the metabolic activity of SRP. This review synthesizes the recent advances in the role of SRP in coupled biogeochemical cycling of diverse elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China
| | - Guo-Xiang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, PR China
| | - Yao-Yang Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China
| | - Andrew A Meharg
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MS, Um W, Wang G, Kruger AA, Lukens WW, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA. Impeding (99)Tc(IV) mobility in novel waste forms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12067. [PMID: 27357121 PMCID: PMC4931311 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Technetium (99Tc) is an abundant, long-lived radioactive fission product whose mobility in the subsurface is largely governed by its oxidation state. Tc immobilization is crucial for radioactive waste management and environmental remediation. Tc(IV) incorporation in spinels has been proposed as a novel method to increase Tc retention in glass waste forms during vitrification. However, experiments under high-temperature and oxic conditions show reoxidation of Tc(IV) to volatile pertechnetate, Tc(VII). Here we examine this problem with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and propose that, at elevated temperatures, doping with first row transition metal can significantly enhance Tc retention in magnetite in the order Co>Zn>Ni. Experiments with doped spinels at 700 °C provide quantitative confirmation of the theoretical predictions in the same order. This work highlights the power of modern, state-of-the-art simulations to provide essential insights and generate theory-inspired design criteria of complex materials at elevated temperatures. Technetium-99 retention in spinel-containing glass is a promising strategy for radioactive waste management, but volatility is still an issue. Here, the authors show that doping magnetite with 1st row transition metals enhances technetium retention by altering the redox capacity of the Tc-containing spinel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Lee
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wooyong Um
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Guohui Wang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Albert A Kruger
- United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krijger G, Claessens H, Wolterbeek HT. On the separation of 99mTcO4-, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-citrate as marker species for the determination of Tc chemical forms in plant material using capillary zone electrophoresis. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.1996.11083264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Kupsch H, Jovtschev M. Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen auf dem Gebiet der Radiochemie und Ciiemischen Kerntechnik Chemie Radioaktiver Elemente. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10256017908544270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kupsch
- a Zentralinstitut für Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung der AdW der DDR , Leipzig
- b Institut für Kernforschung und Kernenergie, Bulgar. AdW , Sofia
| | - M. Jovtschev
- a Zentralinstitut für Isotopen- und Strahlenforschung der AdW der DDR , Leipzig
- b Institut für Kernforschung und Kernenergie, Bulgar. AdW , Sofia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deutsch E, Libson K, Jurisson S, Lindoy LF. Technetium Chemistry and Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470166314.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Ishii N, Tagami K, Uchida S. Physicochemical forms of technetium in surface water covering paddy and upland fields. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 57:953-959. [PMID: 15488585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of an element in the environment depends on its physicochemical form. Basic data for the behavior of technetium in an agricultural environment were obtained by determining the physicochemical forms of Tc in 28 surface water samples from paddy and upland fields. Most of the (95m)Tc was present as TcO(4)(-) in the samples. The relative amount of this chemical form was 72% on average. A significant amount of insoluble Tc (particles more than 0.2 microm in size), however, was found in some samples. The maximum amount of the insoluble Tc was 91%. Other forms were found in insignificant amounts. The amount of insoluble Tc was relatively high in paddy soil samples. Paddy soils, gley soils and gray lowland soils were particularly effective in the insolubilization of Tc. Among the soil characteristics studied, cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capacity, and active aluminum showed significant correlations with the relative amount of insoluble Tc. When microorganisms were eliminated from the surface water samples before the addition of (95m)TcO(4)(-), little insoluble Tc was found, suggesting that microorganisms cause the physicochemical transformation. These results showed that the physicochemical form of Tc changes from TcO(4)(-) to insoluble forms in surface water covering paddy fields. The insoluble forms would restrict the mobility of Tc in paddy fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Office of Biospheric Assessment for Waste Disposal, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lloyd JR, Macaskie LE. Chapter 11 Biochemical basis of microbe-radionuclide interactions. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-4860(02)80040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
12
|
Lloyd JR, Ridley J, Khizniak T, Lyalikova NN, Macaskie LE. Reduction of technetium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: biocatalyst characterization and use in a flowthrough bioreactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2691-6. [PMID: 10347062 PMCID: PMC91397 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.6.2691-2696.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1998] [Accepted: 03/24/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans coupled the oxidation of a range of electron donors to Tc(VII) reduction. The reduced technetium was precipitated as an insoluble low-valence oxide. The optimum electron donor for the biotransformation was hydrogen, although rapid rates of reduction were also supported when formate or pyruvate was supplied to the cells. Technetium reduction was less efficient when the growth substrates lactate and ethanol were supplied as electron donors, while glycerol, succinate, acetate, and methanol supported negligible reduction. Enzyme activity was stable for several weeks and was insensitive to oxygen. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the radionuclide was precipitated at the periphery of the cell. Cells poisoned with Cu(II), which is selective for periplasmic but not cytoplasmic hydrogenases, were unable to reduce Tc(VII), a result consistent with the involvement of a periplasmic hydrogenase in Tc(VII) reduction. Resting cells, immobilized in a flowthrough membrane bioreactor and supplied with Tc(VII)-supplemented solution, accumulated substantial quantities of the radionuclide when formate was supplied as the electron donor, indicating the potential of this organism as a biocatalyst to treat Tc-contaminated wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Lloyd
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- J R Lloyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lloyd JR, Cole JA, Macaskie LE. Reduction and removal of heptavalent technetium from solution by Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:2014-21. [PMID: 9068649 PMCID: PMC178927 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.6.2014-2021.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic, but not aerobic, cultures of Escherichia coli accumulated Tc(VII) and reduced it to a black insoluble precipitate. Tc was the predominant element detected when the precipitate was analyzed by proton-induced X-ray emission. Electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the site of Tc deposition was intracellular. It is proposed that Tc precipitation was a result of enzymatically mediated reduction of Tc(VII) to an insoluble oxide. Formate was an effective electron donor for Tc(VII) reduction which could be replaced by pyruvate, glucose, or glycerol but not by acetate, lactate, succinate, or ethanol. Mutants defective in the synthesis of the transcription factor FNR, in molybdenum cofactor (molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide [MGD]) synthesis, or in formate dehydrogenase H synthesis were all defective in Tc(VII) reduction, implicating a role for the formate hydrogenlyase complex in Tc(VII) reduction. The following observations confirmed that the hydrogenase III (Hyc) component of formate hydrogenlyase in both essential and sufficient for Tc(VII) reduction: (i) dihydrogen could replace formate as an effective electron donor for Tc(VII) reduction by wild-type bacteria and mutants defective in MGD synthesis; (ii) the inability of fnr mutants to reduce Tc(VII) can be suppressed phenotypically by growth with 250 microM Ni2+ and formate; (iii) Tc(VII) reduction is defective in a hyc mutant; (iv) the ability to reduce Tc(VII) was repressed during anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate, but this repression was counteracted by the addition of formate to the growth medium; (v) H2, but not formate, was an effective electron donor for a Sel- mutant which is unable to incorporate selenocysteine into any of the three known formate dehydrogenases of E. coli. This appears to be the first report of Hyc functioning as an H2-oxidizing hydrogenase or as a dissimilatory metal ion reductase in enteric bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Lloyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ihsanullah. Significance and initial investigations for theseparation of molybdenum from the anion exchange resin prior to technetium analysis by ICP-MS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02035985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Losses of technetium during various steps in the development of a procedure for environmental samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02163495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Masson M, Patti F, Cappellini L, Germain P, Jeanmaire L. Etude de la dispersion du technetium-99 sur les côtes françaises de la manche à l'aide de deux indicateurs biologiques:Fucus sp. etPatella sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02525371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Clarke MJ, Fackler PH. The chemistry of technetium: Toward improved diagnostic agents. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-11454-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Mazzi U, Roncari E, Bandoli G, Magon L. Pentane-2,4-dione complexes of technetium99. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00619057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Yokoyama A, Saji H, Horiuchi K, Tanaka H, Odori T, Morita R, Mori T, Torizuka K. 99Tcm chemical state in 99Tcm labeled radiopharmaceuticals--I. Preparation and biological behavior of 99Tcm-penicillamine complex with a low hydrolyzed 99Tcm state. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1978; 5:45-9. [PMID: 659063 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(78)90092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
28
|
Shukla SK, Manni GB, Cipriani C. Behaviour of the pertechnetate ion in humans. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1977; 143:522-6. [PMID: 893641 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
29
|
Russell CD. Carrier electrochemistry of pertechnetate: application to radiopharmaceutical labelling by controlled potential electrolysis at chemically inert electrodes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1977; 28:241-9. [PMID: 405335 DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(77)90069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
|