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Sánchez Herrera M, Forero D, Calor AR, Romero GQ, Riyaz M, Callisto M, de Oliveira Roque F, Elme-Tumpay A, Khan MK, Justino de Faria AP, Pires MM, Silva de Azevêdo CA, Juen L, Zakka U, Samaila AE, Hussaini S, Kemabonta K, Guillermo-Ferreira R, Ríos-Touma B, Maharaj G. Systematic challenges and opportunities in insect monitoring: a Global South perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230102. [PMID: 38705182 PMCID: PMC11070269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect monitoring is pivotal for assessing biodiversity and informing conservation strategies. This study delves into the complex realm of insect monitoring in the Global South-world developing and least-developed countries as identified by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development-highlighting challenges and proposing strategic solutions. An analysis of publications from 1990 to 2024 reveals an imbalance in research contributions between the Global North and South, highlighting disparities in entomological research and the scarcity of taxonomic expertise in the Global South. We discuss the socio-economic factors that exacerbate the issues, including funding disparities, challenges in collaboration, infrastructure deficits, information technology obstacles and the impact of local currency devaluation. In addition, we emphasize the crucial role of environmental factors in shaping insect diversity, particularly in tropical regions facing multiple challenges including climate change, urbanization, pollution and various anthropogenic activities. We also stress the need for entomologists to advocate for ecosystem services provided by insects in addressing environmental issues. To enhance monitoring capacity, we propose strategies such as community engagement, outreach programmes and cultural activities to instill biodiversity appreciation. Further, language inclusivity and social media use are emphasized for effective communication. More collaborations with Global North counterparts, particularly in areas of molecular biology and remote sensing, are suggested for technological advancements. In conclusion, advocating for these strategies-global collaborations, a diverse entomological community and the integration of transverse disciplines-aims to address challenges and foster inclusive, sustainable insect monitoring in the Global South, contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation and overall ecosystem health. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sánchez Herrera
- Department of Museum Research and Collections, University of Alabama Museums, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA), Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Dimitri Forero
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 11132, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Ricardo Calor
- Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40000-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Muzafar Riyaz
- St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, CEP: 40170-115 7 – 627002, India
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Ciudade Universitaria, Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Cairns, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Araseli Elme-Tumpay
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Genética Ambiental (BioGeA), Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Mario Bravo 1460, CP1870 Piñeyro, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Colección Entomológica, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Gabinete C-338, Pabellón C, Ciudad Universitaria de Perayoc, Cusco, 08003, Peru
| | - M. Kawsar Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ana Paula Justino de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Rua João Cabral - Matinha, Teresina - PI, 64018-030, Brazil
| | - Mateus Marques Pires
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, 65.055-310, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Belém - PA, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Usman Zakka
- Department of Crop & Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria
| | - Akeweta Emmanuel Samaila
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Kashere: Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Suwaiba Hussaini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Kemabonta
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos: Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
| | - Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisas em Entomologia e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba - MG, 38061-500, Brazil
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Campus UDLAPARK, Quito, Ecuador 170513
| | - Gyanpriya Maharaj
- University of Guyana, Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, Georgetown, Guyana
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Casinga CM, Wosula EN, Sikirou M, Shirima RR, Munyerenkana CM, Nabahungu LN, Bashizi BK, Ugentho H, Monde G, Legg JP. Diversity and Distribution of Whiteflies Colonizing Cassava in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. INSECTS 2022; 13:849. [PMID: 36135550 PMCID: PMC9504715 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterizes Bemisia tabaci and Bemisia afer from cassava in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Mitochondrial COI sequencing revealed the occurrence of six cassava B. tabaci mitotypes, which were designated into four haplogroups (SSA-ECA, SSA-CA, SSA2, and SSA-ESA) using KASP SNP genotyping. SSA-ECA (72%) was the most prevalent and occurred in the northern part of the surveyed area, in the Ituri and Nord/Sud-Kivu provinces, whilst SSA-CA (21%) was present in the south, primarily in Haut-Katanga. SSA-ECA was predominant in the areas of north-eastern DRC most severely affected by cassava brown streak disease and was also reported in the new outbreak area in Pweto territory, Haut-Katanga, in the south. Bemisia afer comprised two major clusters with 85.5% of samples in cluster one, while the rest were in cluster two, which has no reference sequence in GenBank. This study provides important information on the genetic diversity of B. tabaci and B. afer in eastern DRC. This knowledge will be used as a basis for further studies to understand and to identify the role of whitefly haplogroups, their population densities and consequences for virus epidemics and spread as well as leading to improved vector and virus management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clérisse M. Casinga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Bukavu-Kalambo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Université du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Kabare, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Everlyne N. Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mouritala Sikirou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Rudolph R. Shirima
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Carine M. Munyerenkana
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Bukavu-Kalambo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Leon N. Nabahungu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Bukavu-Kalambo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Benoit K. Bashizi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Bukavu-Kalambo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Henry Ugentho
- Programme National Manioc, Institut National d’Etude et de Recherche Agronomiques de Mulungu, Bukavu-Mulungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Godefroid Monde
- Department of Plant Virology, Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques, Kisangani-Yangambi, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - James P. Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Sain SK, Monga D, Kranthi S, Hiremani NS, Nagrale DT, Kumar R, Verma SK, Prasad YG. Evaluation of the Bioefficacy and Insecticide Compatibility of Entomopathogens for Management of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Upland Cotton Under Laboratory and Polyhouse Conditions. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:600-612. [PMID: 35680781 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogens (EPFs) are potential alternatives to chemical insecticides for managing Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), an invasive pest of the cotton crop. EPFs alone may not always provide enough insect pest control, but combining EPFs with pesticides, provided both components are compatible, can make an integrated pest management program considerably more effective. Hence, the bioefficacy of EPFs against whitefly, their compatibility with pesticides, and the factors responsible for determining compatibility were studied. The highest nymphal mortality was recorded with the Beauveria bassiana strains Bb-4511 (95.1%) and Bb-4565 (89.9%), and Metarhizium anisopliae Ma-1299 (86.7%) at 1 × 106 conidia ml-1. Lower LC50 values were observed for Cordyceps javanica Cj-089 and Bb-4511, 0.2 × 104 and 0.5 × 104 conidia ml-1, respectively. The toxicity index values in insecticide sensitivity assays ranged from 19.4 to 119.6% among all the EPFs. Comparatively, all the EPFs except Bb-4543 and Bb-4565 showed compatible to moderately toxic reactions to neonicotinoids and spinosyns. Organophosphates (ethion) and pyrethrins (bifenthrin) were toxic to very toxic to all the EPFs except Bb-4511, Fv-083, and Ma-1299. Cj-102 and Cj-089 were compatible with 50% of the average recommended dose of bifenthrin and ethion, and the average recommended dose for the field application of neonicotinoids and spinosyns. Principal component analysis showed that spore production and toxicity index values correlate with each other and are responsible for determining the EPF compatibility with insecticides. The EPF spore production and toxicity index are important factors for determining chemical compatibility. Compatible EPFs can be used individually or in combination as promising and compatible biological alternatives to insecticides in the management of whitefly in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Sain
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, India.
| | - Dilip Monga
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Sandhya Kranthi
- International Cotton Advisory Committee, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Rishi Kumar
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Kumar Verma
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Can-Vargas X, Barboza N, Fuchs EJ, Hernández EJ. Spatial Distribution of Whitefly Species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Identification of Secondary Bacterial Endosymbionts in Tomato Fields in Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2900-2910. [PMID: 33073851 PMCID: PMC7724748 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Costa Rica, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Solanales: Solanaceae) is one of the crops most severely affected by the whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and the Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex. The objective of this study was to monitor the spatial distribution and diversity of these species and to detect the presence of secondary bacterial endosymbionts in individuals collected in areas of intensive tomato production. In total, 628 whitefly individuals were identified to the species level using restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP) of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene (mtCOI). Trialeurodes vaporariorum was the predominant species, followed by B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED). Bemisia tabaci New World (NW) and B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) were present in lower numbers. The mtCOI fragment was sequenced for 89 individuals and a single haplotype was found for each whitefly species. Using molecular markers, the 628 individuals were analyzed for the presence of four endosymbionts. Arsenophonus Gherna et al. (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) was most frequently associated with T. vaporariorum, whereas Wolbachia Hertig (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) and Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) were associated with B. tabaci MED. This study confirmed that B. tabaci NW has not been completely displaced by the invasive species B. tabaci MED and B. tabaci MEAM1 present in the country. An association was found between whitefly species present in tomato and certain secondary endosymbionts, elevation was the most likely environmental factor to affect their frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xareni Can-Vargas
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Natalia Barboza
- Escuela de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eric J Fuchs
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo J Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Parisi M, Alioto D, Tripodi P. Overview of Biotic Stresses in Pepper ( Capsicum spp.): Sources of Genetic Resistance, Molecular Breeding and Genomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2587. [PMID: 32276403 PMCID: PMC7177692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the major vegetable crops grown worldwide largely appreciated for its economic importance and nutritional value. This crop belongs to the large Solanaceae family, which, among more than 90 genera and 2500 species of flowering plants, includes commercially important vegetables such as tomato and eggplant. The genus includes over 30 species, five of which (C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens) are domesticated and mainly grown for consumption as food and for non-food purposes (e.g., cosmetics). The main challenges for vegetable crop improvement are linked to the sustainable development of agriculture, food security, the growing consumers' demand for food. Furthermore, demographic trends and changes to climate require more efficient use of plant genetic resources in breeding programs. Increases in pepper consumption have been observed in the past 20 years, and for maintaining this trend, the development of new resistant and high yielding varieties is demanded. The range of pathogens afflicting peppers is very broad and includes fungi, viruses, bacteria, and insects. In this context, the large number of accessions of domesticated and wild species stored in the world seed banks represents a valuable resource for breeding in order to transfer traits related to resistance mechanisms to various biotic stresses. In the present review, we report comprehensive information on sources of resistance to a broad range of pathogens in pepper, revisiting the classical genetic studies and showing the contribution of genomics for the understanding of the molecular basis of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Parisi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy;
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy;
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Guan L, Ma X, Zhou X, Tan B, Wang ZY. An optimized method to obtain high-quality RNA from cassava storage root. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:118. [PMID: 30854278 PMCID: PMC6399363 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting RNA with high quality and integrity is crucial for molecular biology studies in eukaryotes. However, RNA isolation from cassava storage root raises a great concern because it contains large amounts of polysaccharides and polyphenol compounds. In the current study, four RNA extraction methods were evaluated for extracting RNA from cassava storage root. We found that the modified TM method (MTM) is timesaving and low-cost extraction method with high quality and quantities of RNA. The effectiveness of the improved method was assessed for qPCR analysis of four selected genes from total RNA of storage root. The improved protocol generated 4.18-5.94 µg RNA/g fresh weight. An A260/280 ratios of RNA samples are ranged from 2.14 to 2.17. The RIN values are ranged from 7.2 to 8.0. Importantly, isolated total RNA by MTM was successfully used for library construction and transcriptome sequencing. Therefore, we provide an efficient and low-cost method, MTM, for extracting high quality and quantities of RNA from cassava storage root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guan
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
| | - Bowen Tan
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 Hainan China
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Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofTomato yellow leaf curl virusand related viruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Europe. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Bemisia tabaci species complex and viruses it transmits for the EU territory. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Plant pathogenic geminiviruses have been proliferating worldwide and have, therefore, attracted considerable scientific interest during the past three decades. Current knowledge concerning their virion and genome structure, their molecular biology of replication, recombination, transcription, and silencing, as well as their transport through plants and dynamic competition with host responses are summarized. The topics are chosen to provide a comprehensive introduction for animal virologists, emphasizing similarities and differences to the closest functional relatives, polyomaviruses and circoviruses.
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