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Rosario M, Zhang J, Kaleem MI, Chandra N, Yan Y, Moran D, Wood M, Ray WZ, MacEwan M. A method for quantitative spatial analysis of immunolabeled fibers at regenerative electrode interfaces. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 412:110295. [PMID: 39321988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative electrodes are being explored as robust peripheral nerve interfaces for neuro-prosthetic control and sensory feedback. Current designs differ in electrode number, spatial arrangement, and porosity which impacts the regeneration, activation, and spatial distribution of fibers at the device interface. Knowledge of sensory and motor fiber distributions are important in optimizing selective fiber activation and recording. NEW METHOD We use confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence methods to conduct spatial analysis of immunolabeled fibers across whole nerve cross sections. RESULTS This protocol was implemented to characterize motor fiber distribution within 3 macro-sieve electrode regenerated (MSE), 3 silicone-conduit regenerated, and 3 unmanipulated control rodent sciatic nerves. Total motor fiber counts were 1485 [SD: +/- 50.11], 1899 [SD: +/- 359], and 5732 [SD: +/- 1410] for control, MSE, and conduit nerves respectively. MSE motor fiber distributions exhibited evidence of deviation from complete spatial randomness and evidence of dispersion and clustering tendencies at varying scales. Notably, MSE motor fibers exhibited clustering within the central portion of the cross section, whereas conduit regenerated motor fibers exhibited clustering along the periphery. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Prior exploration of fiber distributions at regenerative interfaces was limited to either quadrant-based density analysis of randomly sampled subregions or qualitative description. This method extends existing sample preparation and microscopy techniques to quantitatively assess immunolabeled fiber distributions within whole nerve cross-sections. CONCLUSIONS This approach is an effective way to examine the spatial organization of fiber subsets at regenerative electrode interfaces, enabling robust assessment of fiber distributions relative to electrode arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosario
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Irfan Kaleem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikhil Chandra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Moran
- McKelvey School of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; McKelvey School of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew MacEwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; McKelvey School of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Kahraman A, Temel M, Atilgan N, Saray A, Dokuyucu R. Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin B Complex in Peripheral Nerve Injury Recovery: An Experimental Rat Model Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1556. [PMID: 39336597 PMCID: PMC11434473 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Vitamin B complexes are frequently used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve trauma. However, there is a lack of scientific data on their effectiveness. This study aims to investigate the impact of the vitamin B complex on nerve recovery in a rat model of peripheral nerve paralysis. Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups. Models of nerve injury, including blunt trauma, nerve incision, and autograft, were performed on all rats approximately 1 cm distal to the sciatic notch. B-complex vitamins were injected intraperitoneally at 0.2 mL/day to the treatment groups. The control groups were given 0.2 mL/day saline. After 1 month, the study was terminated, electromyography (EMG) was performed to measure the conduction velocity, and nerve tissue was taken from the repair line. The sciatic function indexes (SFIs) were calculated and analyzed. The histopathological samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Toluidine blue and examined with a light microscope. Pathologically, myelination, fibrosis, edema, and mast cell densities in the nervous tissue were evaluated. Results: The vitamin B treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements in SFI compared to the control groups, indicating functional improvement in nerve damage (p < 0.05). In the nerve graft group, the vitamin B group showed a shorter latency, higher velocity, and larger peak-to-peak compared to the controls (p < 0.05). In the nerve transection group, the vitamin B group had better latency, velocity, and peak-to-peak values than the controls (p < 0.05). In the crush injury group, the vitamin B group exhibited an improved latency, velocity, and peak-to-peak compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Better myelination, less fibrosis, edema, and mast cells were also in the vitamin B group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin B treatment significantly improves nerve healing and function in peripheral nerve injuries. It enhances nerve conduction, reduces fibrosis, and promotes myelination, indicating its therapeutic potential in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kahraman
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31230, Turkey; (A.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Metin Temel
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31230, Turkey; (A.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Numan Atilgan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Private Clinic, Gaziantep 27060, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Saray
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Private Deva Hospital, Gaziantep 27060, Turkey;
| | - Recep Dokuyucu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Specialization Training Center (TUSMER), Ankara 06230, Turkey
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3
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Torre-Castro J, Ríos-Viñuela E, Balaguer-Franch I, Díaz de Lezcano I, Aguado-García Á, Nájera L, Suárez D, Requena L. Perineural Infiltration: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:271-286. [PMID: 38457673 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Perineural infiltration refers to a neoplastic cell involvement in, around, and through the nerves. It is considered as one of the neoplastic dissemination pathways. Thus, its identification is crucial to establish the prognosis of some malignant skin neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma, and explains the locally aggressive behavior of cutaneous neoplasms, such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. We have conducted a review of malignant and benign skin tumors in which perineural infiltration has been described, and we also discuss some histopathological findings that may simulate perineural infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Torre-Castro
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ríos-Viñuela
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Suárez
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Soluki M, Mahmoudi F, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Sabahi Namini A. Cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new neuroprotective agent to promote functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:301-306. [PMID: 33356586 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1864292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of cerium oxide nanoparticles on axonal regeneration and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve after a crush injury in the rat model. METHOD A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The animals underwent deep anesthesia. Afterward, the right sciatic nerve of rats was exposed and crushed. In two experimental groups, rats were treated intraperitoneally with cerium oxide nanoparticles at the dosage of 20 or 80 mg/kg daily for 1 week. The control group was given a vehicle. Then, during the nerve regeneration motor and sensory function recovery tests, histomorphometric evaluations, histological assessment of gastrocnemius muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle wet weights tests were performed. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the rate of nerve regeneration increased with the administration of cerium oxide nanoparticle in high doses. Also, the morphometric analysis showed that the number of myelinated fibers and myelin sheath thicknesses was significantly greater in the cerium oxide nanoparticle group versus the control group. Other parameters also improved in the cerium oxide nanoparticle treatment groups compared with the control group. CONCLUSION These data indicate that this nanoparticle has therapeutic potential and can be considered as a new treatment for nervous system regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Soluki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fariba Mahmoudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
- Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Sabahi Namini
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
- Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran
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5
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García-García ÓD, Carriel V, Chato-Astrain J. Myelin histology: a key tool in nervous system research. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:277-281. [PMID: 37488878 PMCID: PMC10503616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich, multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers. Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin, various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal, pathological or experimental conditions. Today, methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures, from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining methods. Considering the lipoprotein nature of myelin, the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described, as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Darío García-García
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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6
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Sun P, Guan Y, Yang C, Hou H, Liu S, Yang B, Li X, Chen S, Wang L, Wang H, Huang Y, Sheng X, Peng J, Xiong W, Wang Y, Yin L. A Bioresorbable and Conductive Scaffold Integrating Silicon Membranes for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301859. [PMID: 37750601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury represents one of the most common types of traumatic damage, severely impairing motor and sensory functions, and posttraumatic nerve regeneration remains a major challenge. Electrical cues are critical bioactive factors that promote nerve regrowth, and bioartificial scaffolds incorporating conductive materials to enhance the endogenous electrical field have been demonstrated to be effective. The utilization of fully biodegradable scaffolds can eliminate material residues, and circumvent the need for secondary retrieval procedures. Here, a fully bioresorbable and conductive nerve scaffold integrating N-type silicon (Si) membranes is proposed, which can deliver both structural guidance and electrical cues for the repair of nerve defects. The entire scaffold is fully biodegradable, and the introduction of N-type Si can significantly promote the proliferation and production of neurotrophic factors of Schwann cells and enhance the calcium activity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The conductive scaffolds enable accelerated nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery in rodents with sciatic nerve transection injuries. This work sheds light on the advancement of bioresorbable and electrically active materials to achieve desirable neural interfaces and improved therapeutic outcomes, offering essential strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226007, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Hou
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Boyao Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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7
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Onger ME, Altun G, Yildiran A. Pigment epithelium-derived factor enhances peripheral nerve regeneration through modulating oxidative stress and stem cells: An experimental study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2621-2635. [PMID: 36787348 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common and negatively affects an individual's quality of life. Drugs used for peripheral nerve regeneration should aim to eliminate symptoms such as neuropathic pain and have therapeutic effects. In recent studies, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been considered an essential therapeutic agent because of its potential neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of locally applied PEDF for peripheral nerve regeneration. Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were used. The study groups included Injury (n = 12) and Injury+PEDF (n = 12). An injury model was created by applying 50 N pressure to the right sciatic nerves in groups, and 10 μg/kg local PEDF was injected into the Injury+PEDF group. After 28 days of recovery, functional tests and stereological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. A significant difference was found between the Injury and Injury+PEDF groups in amplitude, whereas no difference was found in latency. The number of myelinated axons and the myelinated axon area increased significantly in the Injury+PEDF group, while no statistically significant difference was found in myelin sheath thickness. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by PEDF, whereas they were suppressed in mesenchymal stem cells. PEDF exerts functional, quantitative, and antioxidative effects on sciatic nerve injury during neuroregeneration. In addition, when oxidative stress parameters were examined, it was seen that PEDF reduced oxidative stress following sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alisan Yildiran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Theil D, Kuhle J, Brees D, Tritto E, Pognan F, Frieauff W, Penraat K, Meseck E, Valdez R, Hartmann A. Neurofilament Light Chain: A Translational Safety Biomarker for Drug-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:135-147. [PMID: 37439009 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231180179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Branaplam is a splicing modulator previously under development as a therapeutic agent for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 and Huntington's disease. Branaplam increased the levels of survival motor neuron protein in preclinical studies and was well tolerated in early clinical studies; however, peripheral neurotoxicity was observed in a preclinical safety study in juvenile dogs. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations in dogs could serve as a monitoring biomarker for branaplam-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. A 30-week time-course investigative study in dogs treated with vehicle control (negative control), neurotoxic pyridoxine (positive control), or branaplam was conducted to assess neuropathology, nerve morphometry, electrophysiological measurements, gene expression profiles, and correlation to NfL serum concentrations. In branaplam-treated animals, a mild to moderate nerve fiber degeneration was observed in peripheral nerves correlating with increased serum NfL concentrations, but there were no observed signs or changes in electrophysiological parameters. Dogs with pyridoxine-induced peripheral axonal degeneration displayed clinical signs and electrophysiological changes in addition to elevated serum NfL. This study suggests that NfL may be useful as an exploratory biomarker to assist in detecting and monitoring treatment-related peripheral nerve injury, with or without clinical signs, associated with administration of branaplam and other compounds bearing a neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diethilde Theil
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelley Penraat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Meseck
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Reginald Valdez
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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García-García ÓD, El Soury M, Campos F, Sánchez-Porras D, Geuna S, Alaminos M, Gambarotta G, Chato-Astrain J, Raimondo S, Carriel V. Comprehensive ex vivo and in vivo preclinical evaluation of novel chemo enzymatic decellularized peripheral nerve allografts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162684. [PMID: 37082209 PMCID: PMC10111265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a reliable alternative to autografts, decellularized peripheral nerve allografts (DPNAs) should mimic the complex microstructure of native nerves and be immunogenically compatible. Nevertheless, there is a current lack of decellularization methods able to remove peripheral nerve cells without significantly altering the nerve extracellular matrix (ECM). The aims of this study are firstly to characterize ex vivo, in a histological, biochemical, biomechanical and ultrastructural way, three novel chemical-enzymatic decellularization protocols (P1, P2 and P3) in rat sciatic nerves and compared with the Sondell classic decellularization method and then, to select the most promising DPNAs to be tested in vivo. All the DPNAs generated present an efficient removal of the cellular material and myelin, while preserving the laminin and collagen network of the ECM (except P3) and were free from any significant alterations in the biomechanical parameters and biocompatibility properties. Then, P1 and P2 were selected to evaluate their regenerative effectivity and were compared with Sondell and autograft techniques in an in vivo model of sciatic defect with a 10-mm gap, after 15 weeks of follow-up. All study groups showed a partial motor and sensory recovery that were in correlation with the histological, histomorphometrical and ultrastructural analyses of nerve regeneration, being P2 the protocol showing the most similar results to the autograft control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Darío García-García
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Chato-Astrain, ; Víctor Carriel,
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Chato-Astrain, ; Víctor Carriel,
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10
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Ronchi G, Fregnan F, Muratori L, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Morphological Methods to Evaluate Peripheral Nerve Fiber Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1818. [PMID: 36768142 PMCID: PMC9915436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves remains one of the main challenges of neurosurgery and regenerative medicine, a nerve functionality is rarely restored, especially after severe injuries. Researchers are constantly looking for innovative strategies for tackling this problem, with the development of advanced tissue-engineered nerve conduits and new pharmacological and physical interventions, with the aim of improving patients' life quality. Different evaluation methods can be used to study the effectiveness of a new treatment, including functional tests, morphological assessment of regenerated nerve fibers and biomolecular analyses of key factors necessary for good regeneration. The number and diversity of protocols and methods, as well as the availability of innovative technologies which are used to assess nerve regeneration after experimental interventions, often makes it difficult to compare results obtained in different labs. The purpose of the current review is to describe the main morphological approaches used to evaluate the degree of nerve fiber regeneration in terms of their usefulness and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, TO, Italy
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Effect of Azithromycin on Sciatic Nerve Injury in the Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:161-171. [PMID: 36030336 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
After a severe peripheral nerve injury, complete functional recovery is rare. Modulating the inflammatory response could be an effective way to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. The present study aimed to determine the effect of azithromycin on functional recovery following sciatic nerve crush in Wistar rats. 40 male Wistar rats were used in four groups, including: the negative control, sham, and two groups of azithromycin (15 and 150 mg/kg/day) (n = 10).The rats' right sciatic nerve was crushed using a non-serrated clamp. In experimental groups, animals were treated with azithromycin (15 and 150 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Then, sensory-motor functions were evaluated over eight weeks. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of NGF and BDNF genes. At the end of the 4th week, the sensory recovery accelerated in the azithromycin-treated rats so that the reaction times in the groups treated with 15 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg doses of azithromycin reached 5.14 s and 6.61 s, respectively, which were significantly lower than the 12 s in the negative control group (P < 0.05).Eventually, the mean SFI values in the negative control and both azithromycin-treated groups recovered to preoperative levels in the 8th week, with no significant difference between the sciatic lesion groups. Findings showed a seven-day course of azithromycin administered immediately after a sciatic nerve crush could accelerate regeneration and improve motor and sensory function recovery compared to negative controls. These significant effects were observed in both the azithromycin 15 mg/kg and the azithromycin 150 mg/kg treatment groups. Azithromycin treatment upregulated the expression of NGF and BDNF genes in crushed sciatic nerve. Our findings suggest that a seven-day treatment of azithromycin after a sciatic nerve injury could accelerate the regeneration process and improve functional recovery.
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12
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Alcoholic neuropathy associated with chronic alcohol intake. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:177-186. [PMID: 36065406 PMCID: PMC9440385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic neuropathy (AN), a debilitating condition that mainly affects chronic alcohol drinkers, is thought to cause lesions in the peripheral nervous system leading to sensory, autonomic, and motor dysfunctions. Despite many studies, the pathogenesis of these lesions is still not completely understood. We investigated few aspects on the development of alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy, by assessing sensory, motor and autonomic functions, as well as stereological analysis of axonal fibers and myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve. Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into Control group and Alcohol group that was submitted to Two Bottle-Choice Paradigm of intermittent and voluntary alcohol solution intake (20%; v/v) during eight weeks. At the end of treatment, three different sensorium-motor tests were applied - Tactile Sensitivity, Thermal Sensitivity, and Functional Observational Battery (FOB). Quantitative morphometric analysis of sciatic nerve structures was performed by stereological method. Alcohol concentration in the blood was measured to analyze possible correlation between availability of alcohol in the blood and the magnitude of the peripheral nerve lesion. Our data showed a peripheral effect of chronic alcohol intake associated with hyperalgesia and a process of demyelination with a strong correlation with alcohol consumption. This process was associated with increased tactile sensitivity, with behavioral reflexes such as locomotor hyperactivity, changes in gait and balance, and autonomic reflexes such as piloerection. Alcoholic neuropathy and its consequences. Neuropathy and sensitive and motor alterations. Alcoholic neuropathy and thinner myelin sheath thickness.
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13
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Alvites RD, Branquinho MV, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Prada J, Pires I, Ronchi G, Raimondo S, Luís AL, Geuna S, Varejão ASP, Maurício AC. Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060818. [PMID: 35740943 PMCID: PMC9220795 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell secretome has been explored as a cell-free technique with high scientific and medical interest for Regenerative Medicine. In this work, the secretome produced and collected from Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Olfactory Ensheating Cells was analyzed and therapeutically applied to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The analysis of the conditioned medium revealed the production and secretion of several factors with immunomodulatory functions, capable of intervening beneficially in the phases of nerve regeneration. Subsequently, the conditioned medium was applied to sciatic nerves of rats after neurotmesis, using Reaxon® as tube-guides. Over 20 weeks, the animals were subjected to periodic functional assessments, and after this period, the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed to confirm the beneficial effects resulting from the application of this therapeutic combination. The administration of conditioned medium from Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells led to the best results in motor performance, sensory recovery, and gait patterns. Stereological and histomorphometric evaluation also revealed the ability of this therapeutic combination to promote nervous and muscular histologic reorganization during the regenerative process. The therapeutic combination discussed in this work shows promising results and should be further explored to clarify irregularities found in the outcomes and to allow establishing the use of cell secretome as a new therapeutic field applied in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D. Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Mariana V. Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Justina Prada
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Ana L. Luís
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (G.R.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Artur Severo P. Varejão
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (A.L.L.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.); (I.P.); (A.S.P.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-91-9071286 or +351-22-0428000
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Janarthanan G, Kim JH, Kim IG, Lee C, Chung EJ, Noh I. Manufacturing of self-standing multi-layered 3D-bioprinted alginate-hyaluronate constructs by controlling the cross-linking mechanisms for tissue engineering applications. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35504259 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6c4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting of self-supporting stable tissue and organ structure is critically important in extrusion-based bioprinting system, especially for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, the development of self-standing bioinks with desired crosslinking density, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength and other properties like self-healing, in situ gelation, drug or protein incorporation is still a challenge. In this study, we report a hydrogel bioink prepared from alginate (Alg) and hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinked through multiple crosslinking mechanisms, i.e., acyl-hydrazone, hydrazide interactions and calcium ions. These Alg-HA gels were highly dynamic and shear-thinning with exceptional biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. The increased dynamic nature of the gels is mainly chemically attributed to the presence of acyl-hydrazone bonds formed between the amine groups of the acyl-hydrazide of alginate and the monoaldehyde of the hyaluronic acid. Among the different combinations of Alg-HA gel compositions prepared, the A5H5 (Alginate-acyl-hydrazide: HA-monoaldehyde, ratio 50:50) one showed a gelation time of ~60 s, viscosity of ~400 Pa.s (at zero shear rate), high stability in various pH solutions and increased degradation time (>50 days) than the other samples. The A5H5 gels showed high printability with increased post-printing stability as observed from the 3D printed structures (e.g., hollow tube (~100 layers), porous cube (~50 layers), star, heart-in, meniscus and lattice). The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the 3D constructs and hydrogels showed the interconnected pores (~181 µm) and crosslinked networks. Further, the gels showed sustained release of 5-amino salicylic acid and bovine serum albumin. Also, the mechanical properties were tuned by secondary crosslinking via different calcium concentrations. In vitro assays confirmed the cytocompatibility of these gels, where the 3D bioprinted lattice and tubular (~70 layers) constructs demonstrated high cell viability under fluorescence analysis. In in vivo studies, Alg-HA gel showed high biocompatibility (>90%) and increased angiogenesis (3 folds) and reduced macrophage infiltration (2-fold decrease), demonstrating the promising potential of these hydrogels in 3D bioprinting applications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinathan Janarthanan
- Dept of chemical and biomolecular engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), 223-1, 6-Chungun Hall, Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01811, Nowon-gu, 01811, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Gongnung-ro 232, Nowon-gu, Chung Hall 223-1, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - In-Gul Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chibum Lee
- Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Frontier Bldg, RM904, 232 Gongreung-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Jongno-gu, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Insup Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 172 Gongnung-dong,, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-743, Korea, Nowon-gu, 01811, Korea (the Republic of)
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15
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Chau MJ, Quintero JE, Monje PV, Voss SR, Welleford AS, Gerhardt GA, van Horne CG. Using a Transection Paradigm to Enhance the Repair Mechanisms of an Investigational Human Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221123515. [PMID: 36169034 PMCID: PMC9523845 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One promising strategy in cell therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) is to harness a patient's own cells to provide neuroprotection in areas of the brain affected by neurodegeneration. No treatment exists to replace cells in the brain. Thus, our goal has been to support sick neurons and slow neurodegeneration by transplanting living repair tissue from the peripheral nervous system into the substantia nigra of those with PD. Our group has pioneered the transplantation of transection-activated sural nerve fascicles into the brain of human subjects with PD. Our experience in sural nerve transplantation has supported the safety and feasibility of this approach. As part of a paradigm to assess the reparative properties of human sural nerve following a transection injury, we collected nerve tissue approximately 2 weeks after sural nerve transection for immunoassays from 15 participants, and collected samples from two additional participants for single nuclei RNA sequencing. We quantified the expression of key neuroprotective and select anti-apoptotic genes along with their corresponding protein levels using immunoassays. The single nuclei data clustered into 10 distinctive groups defined on the basis of previously published cell type-specific genes. Transection-induced reparative peripheral nerve tissue showed RNA expression of neuroprotective factors and anti-apoptotic factors across multiple cell types after nerve injury induction. Key proteins of interest (BDNF, GDNF, beta-NGF, PDGFB, and VEGF) were upregulated in reparative tissue. These results provide insight on this repair tissue's utility as a neuroprotective cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J. Chau
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jorge E. Quintero
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paula V. Monje
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Welleford
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Greg A. Gerhardt
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig G. van Horne
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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16
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Ronchi G, Tos P, Angelino E, Muratori L, Reano S, Filigheddu N, Graziani A, Geuna S, Raimondo S. Effect of unacylated ghrelin on peripheral nerve regeneration. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34734521 PMCID: PMC8586818 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a circulating peptide hormone released by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract as two forms, acylated and unacylated. Acylated ghrelin (AG) binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), thus stimulating food intake, growth hormone release, and gastrointestinal motility. Conversely, unacylated GHR (UnAG), through binding to a yet unidentified receptor, protects the skeletal muscle from atrophy, stimulates muscle regeneration, and protects cardiomyocytes from ischemic damage. Recently, interest about ghrelin has raised also among neuroscientists because of its effect on the nervous system, especially the stimulation of neurogenesis in spinal cord, brain stem, and hippocampus. However, few information is still available about its effectiveness on peripheral nerve regeneration. To partially fill this gap, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of UnAG on peripheral nerve regeneration after median nerve crush injury and after nerve transection immediately repaired by means of an end-to-end suture. To this end, we exploited FVB1 Myh6/Ghrl transgenic mice in which overexpression of the ghrelin gene (Ghrl) results in selective up-regulation of circulating UnAG levels, but not of AG. Regeneration was assessed by both functional evaluation (grasping test) and morphometrical analysis of regenerated myelinated axons. Results obtained lead to conclude that UnAG could have a role in development of peripheral nerves and during more severe lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute of the "Cavalieri Ottolenghi" Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (TO).
| | - Pierluigi Tos
- Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan.
| | - Elia Angelino
- Department of Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin.
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute of the "Cavalieri Ottolenghi" Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (TO).
| | - Simone Reano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara.
| | | | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin.
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute of the "Cavalieri Ottolenghi" Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (TO).
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute of the "Cavalieri Ottolenghi" Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano (TO).
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Costa AL, Papadopulos N, Porzionato A, Natsis K, Bassetto F, Tiengo C, Giunta R, Soldado F, Bertelli JA, Baeza AR, Battiston B, Titolo P, Tos P, Radtke C, Aszmann O, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F, Perrotta RE, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Colonna MR. Studying nerve transfers: Searching for a consensus in nerve axons count. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2731-2736. [PMID: 33962889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Axonal count is the base for efficient nerve transfer; despite its capital importance, few studies have been published on human material, most research approaches being performed on experimental animal models of nerve injury. Thus, standard analysis methods are still lacking. Quantitative data obtained have to be reproducible and comparable with published data by other research groups. To share results with the scientific community, the standardization of quantitative analysis is a fundamental step. For this purpose, the experiences of the Italian, Austrian, German, Greek, and Iberian-Latin American groups have been compared with each other and with the existing literature to reach a consensus in the fiber count and draw up a protocol that can make future studies from different centers comparable. The search for a standardization of the methodology was aimed to reduce all the factors that are associated with an increase in the variability of the results. All the preferential methods to be used have been suggested. On the other hand, alternative methods and different methods have been identified to achieve the same goal, which in our experience are completely comparable; therefore, they can be used indifferently by the different centers according to their experience and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfio Luca Costa
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult, the Child and the Adolescent, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nikolaos Papadopulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Alexandroupoli University Hospital, Democritus University of Thace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, (Chairperson: Professor Dr. K. NATSIS), Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giunta
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Soldado
- Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery, Vithas San Jose Hospital, Vitoria and Hospital HM nens, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jayme Augusto Bertelli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alfonso Rodrìguez Baeza
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Battiston
- Human Anatomy Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Titolo
- Human Anatomy Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierluigi Tos
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Depatment of Traumatology, Turin, Italy
| | - Christine Radtke
- Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, ASST G Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Oscar Aszmann
- Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, ASST G Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Toia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosario Emanuele Perrotta
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences. University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Guilia Ronchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Michele Rosario Colonna
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult, the Child and the Adolescent, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
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18
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Dzurjašková Z, Blaško J, Tomori Z, Vanický I. A method to prepare large resin sections for counting myelinated axons in rodent CNS and PNS structures. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135767. [PMID: 33636286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a method that allows preparing histological sections from large blocks of nervous tissue embedded in epoxy resin. Resin-embedding provides excellent resolution especially for the myelin-rich white matter and is often being used for visualizing the myelinated axons in peripheral nerves. However, because of the limited penetration of the reagents, only very small tissue specimens can be processed in this way. Here, we describe a method that enables to embed large specimens and their sectioning on a standard sliding microtome. To process the large specimens, modifications in several steps of the processing technique had to be made. In this paper we demonstrate, that with this technique 1-3 μm thick transversal sections can be prepared from the resin-embedded specimens as large as rat brain hemisphere. Such a large section allows simultaneously: 1.) overviewing and delineating the gross anatomical structures, and 2.) observing the subcellular details at the highest possible optical magnifications. Such a large section with excellent resolution allows application of unbiased stereological methods and reliable quantification of very small objects within the area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Dzurjašková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Blaško
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zoltán Tomori
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ivo Vanický
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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19
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D. Alvites R, V. Branquinho M, Sousa AC, Zen F, Maurina M, Raimondo S, Mendonça C, Atayde L, Geuna S, Varejão AS, Maurício AC. Establishment of a Sheep Model for Hind Limb Peripheral Nerve Injury: Common Peroneal Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031401. [PMID: 33573310 PMCID: PMC7866789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of people worldwide suffer from peripheral nerve injuries and must deal daily with the resulting physiological and functional deficits. Recent advances in this field are still insufficient to guarantee adequate outcomes, and the development of new and compelling therapeutic options require the use of valid preclinical models that effectively replicate the characteristics and challenges associated with these injuries in humans. In this study, we established a sheep model for common peroneal nerve injuries that can be applied in preclinical research with the advantages associated with the use of large animal models. The anatomy of the common peroneal nerve and topographically related nerves, the functional consequences of its injury and a neurological examination directed at this nerve have been described. Furthermore, the surgical protocol for accessing the common peroneal nerve, the induction of different types of nerve damage and the application of possible therapeutic options were described. Finally, a preliminary morphological and stereological study was carried out to establish control values for the healthy common peroneal nerves regarding this animal model and to identify preliminary differences between therapeutic methods. This study allowed to define the described lateral incision as the best to access the common peroneal nerve, besides establishing 12 and 24 weeks as the minimum periods to study lesions of axonotmesis and neurotmesis, respectively, in this specie. The post-mortem evaluation of the harvested nerves allowed to register stereological values for healthy common peroneal nerves to be used as controls in future studies, and to establish preliminary values associated with the therapeutic performance of the different applied options, although limited by a small sample size, thus requiring further validation studies. Finally, this study demonstrated that the sheep is a valid model of peripheral nerve injury to be used in pre-clinical and translational works and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve injury therapeutic options before its clinical application in humans and veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D. Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana V. Branquinho
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federica Zen
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Monica Maurina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Carla Mendonça
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Atayde
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (S.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Artur S.P. Varejão
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.D.A.); (M.V.B.); (A.C.S.); (C.M.); (L.A.)
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or
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Combined Use of Chitosan and Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6613029. [PMID: 33488738 PMCID: PMC7801080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a clinical challenge with severe physiological and functional consequences. Despite the existence of multiple possible therapeutic approaches, until now, there is no consensus regarding the advantages of each option or the best methodology in promoting nerve regeneration. Regenerative medicine is a promise to overcome this medical limitation, and in this work, chitosan nerve guide conduits and olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells were applied in different therapeutic combinations to promote regeneration in sciatic nerves after neurotmesis injury. Over 20 weeks, the intervened animals were subjected to a regular functional assessment (determination of motor performance, nociception, and sciatic indexes), and after this period, they were evaluated kinematically and the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed confirming the beneficial effects of using these therapeutic approaches. The use of chitosan NGCs and cells resulted in better motor performance, better sciatic indexes, and lower gait dysfunction after 20 weeks. The use of only NGGs demonstrated better nociceptive recoveries. The stereological evaluation of the sciatic nerve revealed identical values in the different parameters for all therapeutic groups. In the muscle histomorphometric evaluation, the groups treated with NGCs and cells showed results close to those of the group that received traditional sutures, the one with the best final values. The therapeutic combinations studied show promising outcomes and should be the target of new future works to overcome some irregularities found in the results and establish the combination of nerve guidance conduits and olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as viable options in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.
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21
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Niu Y, Galluzzi M. A biodegradable block polyurethane nerve-guidance scaffold enhancing rapid vascularization and promoting reconstruction of transected sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:11063-11073. [PMID: 33200763 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects with tissue engineered nerve scaffolds is an exciting field of biomedical research and holds potential for clinical application. However, due to poor neovascularization after the implantation, nerve regeneration is still not satisfactory, especially for large nerve defects. These obstacles hinder the investigation of basic neurobiological principles and development of a wide range of treatments for peripheral nerve diseases. Herein, we designed an amphiphilic alternating block polyurethane (abbreviated as PU) copolymer-based nerve guidance scaffold, which has good Schwann cell compatibility, and more importantly, a rapid vascularization of the scaffold in vivo. In the sciatic nerve transection model of SD rats, vascularized PU nerve guidance scaffolds induced rapid regeneration of nerve fibers and axons along the scaffold. Through the analysis of nerve electrophysiology, sciatic nerve functional index, histology, and immunofluorescence related to angiogenesis, we determined that PU with rapid vascularization function enhances recovery and re-obtains nerve conduction function. Our study points out a new strategy of using nerve tissue engineering scaffolds to treat large nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Niu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Materials Interface Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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22
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Yang S, Wang C, Zhu J, Lu C, Li H, Chen F, Lu J, Zhang Z, Yan X, Zhao H, Sun X, Zhao L, Liang J, Wang Y, Peng J, Wang X. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels functionalized with LN- and BDNF- mimicking epitopes synergistically enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:8227-8249. [PMID: 32724468 PMCID: PMC7381722 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is closely related to the role that Schwann cells (SCs) play in construction of the basement membrane containing multiple extracellular matrix proteins and secretion of neurotrophic factors, including laminin (LN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we developed a self-assembling peptide (SAP) nanofiber hydrogel based on self-assembling backbone Ac-(RADA)4-NH2 (RAD) dual-functionalized with laminin-derived motif IKVAV (IKV) and a BDNF-mimetic peptide epitope RGIDKRHWNSQ (RGI) for peripheral nerve regeneration, with the hydrogel providing a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for SCs and neurites. Methods: Circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the secondary structures, microscopic structures, and morphologies of self-assembling nanofiber hydrogels. Then the SC adhesion, myelination and neurotrophin secretion were evaluated on the hydrogels. Finally, the SAP hydrogels were injected into hollow chitosan tubes to bridge a 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats, and in vivo gene expression at 1 week, axonal regeneration, target muscular re-innervation, and functional recovery at 12 weeks were assessed. Results: The bioactive peptide motifs were covalently linked to the C-terminal of the self-assembling peptide and the functionalized peptides could form well-defined nanofibrous hydrogels capable of providing a 3D microenvironment similar to native extracellular matrix. SCs displayed improved cell adhesion on hydrogels with both IKV and RGI, accompanied by increased cell spreading and elongation relative to other groups. RSCs cultured on hydrogels with IKV and RGI showed enhanced gene expression of NGF, BDNF, CNTF, PMP22 and NRP2, and decreased gene expression of NCAM compared with those cultured on other three groups after a 7-day incubation. Additionally, the secretion of NGF, BDNF, and CNTF of RSCs was significantly improved on dual-functionalized peptide hydrogels after 3 days. At 1 week after implantation, the expressions of neurotrophin and myelin-related genes in the nerve grafts in SAP and Autograft groups were higher than that in Hollow group, and the expression of S100 in groups containing both IKV and RGI was significantly higher than that in groups containing either IKV or RGI hydrogels, suggesting enhanced SC proliferation. The morphometric parameters of the regenerated nerves, their electrophysiological performance, the innervated muscle weight and remodeling of muscle fibers, and motor function showed that RAD/IKV/RGI and RAD/IKV-GG-RGI hydrogels could markedly improve axonal regeneration with enhanced re-myelination and motor functional recovery through the synergetic effect of IKV and RGI functional motifs. Conclusions: We found that the dual-functionalized SAP hydrogels promoted RSC adhesion, myelination, and neurotrophin secretion in vitro and successfully bridged a 10-mm gap representing a sciatic nerve defect in rats in vivo. The results demonstrated the synergistic effect of IKVAV and RGI on axonal regrowth and function recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Fuyu Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abdolmaleki A, Zahri S, Bayrami A. Rosuvastatin enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173260. [PMID: 32534070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic nerve recovery remains a challenge in regenerative medicine. As such, there is a need for agents that limit nerve damage and enhance nerve regeneration. Here we investigate rosuvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We explore its neuroprotective properties on sciatic nerve crush injury in male Wistar Rats. Rats were subjected to crush injury to the left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp for 30 s. Rosuvastatin or vehicle was prepared daily and administrated by oral gavage for seven days post-injury. In rosuvastatin treatment groups, rosuvastatin was administrated at the doses of (5 or 10 mg/kg) in the treatment group. The control group was given a vehicle in the same manner. Behavioral, electrophysiological, morphological and molecular parameters were examined during the recovery process. Chronic administration of rosuvastatin at all doses after sciatic nerve crush markedly promoted nerve regeneration and significantly accelerated motor function recovery (P < 0.05). Electrophysiological, morphological and molecular parameters also improved in the rosuvastatin treatment groups compared to the controls. These findings suggest that neuroprotective effects of rosuvastatin could be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. It is clear that more research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran; Bio Science and Biotechnology Research Center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran.
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Alawadhi E, Chu TH, Midha R. Comparative Behavioral Assessment of Lewis and Nude Rats after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Comp Med 2020; 70:233-238. [PMID: 32384941 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has shown potential in the field of peripheral nerve repair, and research using rodents is a critical and essential step toward clinical development of this approach. Traditionally, most experimental peripheral nerve injuries are conducted in inbred Lewis or outbred Sprague-Dawley strains. However, transplantation of xenogeneic cells such as human-derived cells typically triggers rejection in these animals. An alternative approach is to use immunodeficient animals, such as athymic nude rats. The lack of functional T cells in these animals renders them more accommodating to foreign cells from a different host. Currently, no literature exists regarding sensorimotor behavioral assessment of nude rats after peripheral nerve injury. To this end, we compared the functional recovery during a 6-wk period of behavioral testing of Lewis and nude rats after unilateral sciatic nerve crushing injury. Three sensorimotor behavioral assessments were performed weekly: a ladder rungwalking task to assess slip ratio and cross duration, von Frey nociception testing to determine the paw withdrawal threshold thus monitoring the regaining of sensory function, and sciatic functional index evaluation to monitor the recovery of integrated motor function. Both strains demonstrated significant sensory and motor deficits in the first week after injury, with a slight regain of sensory function, reduced slip ratio, and increased sciatic functional index starting at 2 wk. No significance difference existed between nude and Lewis rats in their recovery courses. We conclude that nude rats are a suitable model for behavioral training and assessment for cell transplantation studies in peripheral nerve injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Alawadhi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tak- Ho Chu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;,
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25
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A review for the peripheral nerve interface designer. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 332:108523. [PMID: 31743684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Informational density and relative accessibility of the peripheral nervous system make it an attractive site for therapeutic intervention. Electrode-based electrophysiological interfaces with peripheral nerves have been under development since the 1960s and, for several applications, have seen widespread clinical implementation. However, many applications require a combination of neural target resolution and stability which has thus far eluded existing peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs). With the goal of aiding PNI designers in development of devices that meet the demands of next-generation applications, this review seeks to collect and present practical considerations and best practices which emerge from the literature, including both lessons learned during early PNI development and recent ideas. Fundamental and practical principles guiding PNI design are reviewed, followed by an updated and critical account of existing PNI designs and strategies. Finally, a brief survey of in vitro and in vivo PNI characterization methods is presented.
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Philips C, Cornelissen M, Carriel V. Evaluation methods as quality control in the generation of decellularized peripheral nerve allografts. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:021003. [PMID: 29244032 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaa21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the high incidence of peripheral nerve injuries and the low success ratio of surgical treatments are driving research to the generation of novel alternatives to repair critical nerve defects. In this sense, tissue engineering has emerged as a possible alternative with special attention to decellularization techniques. Tissue decellularization offers the possibility to obtain a cell-free, natural extracellular matrix (ECM), characterized by an adequate 3D organization and proper molecular composition to repair different tissues or organs, including peripheral nerves. One major problem, however, is that there are no standard quality control methods to evaluate decellularized tissues. Therefore, in this review, a brief description of current strategies for peripheral nerve repair is given, followed by an overview of different decellularization methods used for peripheral nerves. Furthermore, we extensively discuss the available and currently used methods to demonstrate the success of tissue decellularization in terms of the cell removal, preservation of essential ECM molecules and maintenance or modification of biomechanical properties. Finally, orientative guidelines for the evaluation of decellularized peripheral nerve allografts are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlot Philips
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Likhodiievskyi V. Early Experimental Results of Nerve Gap Bridging with Silicon Microwires. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2019.3.3.176925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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28
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Bolon B, Krinke GJ, Pardo ID. Essential References for Structural Analysis of the Peripheral Nervous System for Pathologists and Toxicologists. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:87-95. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319868160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxicologic neuropathology for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a vital but often underappreciated element of basic translational research and safety assessment. Evaluation of the PNS may be complicated by unfamiliarity with normal nerve and ganglion biology, which differs to some degree among species; the presence of confounding artifacts related to suboptimal sampling and processing; and limited experience with differentiating such artifacts from genuine disease manifestations and incidental background changes. This compilation of key PNS neurobiology, neuropathology, and neurotoxicology references is designed to allow pathologists and toxicologists to readily access essential information that is needed to enhance their proficiency in evaluating and interpreting toxic changes in PNS tissues from many species.
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29
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Ogden M, Karaca SB, Aydin G, Yuksel U, Dagli AT, Akkaya S, Bakar B. The Healing Effects of Thymoquinone and Dexpanthenol in Sciatic Nerve Compression Injury in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2019; 34:504-512. [PMID: 31462122 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1658831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional healing of peripheral nerve injuries is still difficult. In this study, potential healing effects of thymoquinone and dexpanthenol in sciatic nerve compression injury (SCI) were investigated. Method: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats which were applied compression injury to their sciatic nerves were randomly separated into four groups as following: "control" group contained six rats administered no pharmacological agent; "TMK" group consisted of six rats administered 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal thymoquinone once a day for one week; "DXP" group contained six rats administered 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dexpanthenol once a day for one week; and "TMK-DXP" group consisted of six rats administered separately 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal thymoquinone and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dexpenthanol once a day for one week. Four weeks later from SCI, sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was applied before sacrifice of all rats, and then their crushed sciatic nerves were histopathologically examined, in terms of "Schwann cell count", "axon and myelin degeneration", "axon shape/size differences", "fibrosis", and "neovascularisation". Results: "Schwann cell count" (p = 0.011), "axon and myelin degeneration" (p = 0.001), "axon shape/size differences" (p = 0.011), and "fibrosis and neovascularisation" (p = 0.026) scores were different between the control and TMK-DXP groups. SFI scores were different between the control and TMK groups (p = 0.002), between the control and TMK-DXP groups (p < 0.001), and between the DXP and TMK-DXP groups (p = 0.029). Conclusions: This study results revealed that these pharmacological agents used alone had no histopathological healing effect in rats with SCI, but thymoquinone could improve walking function. However, thymoquinone and dexpanthenol used together had a significant histopathological and functional healing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ogden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Sahika Burcu Karaca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Aydin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ulas Yuksel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turan Dagli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akkaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bulent Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080502. [PMID: 31430996 PMCID: PMC6722514 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation for cancer treatment. One of the side effects of radiotherapy is peripheral neuropathy. After irradiation, the first stage of neuropathy involves electrophysiological, biochemical and histopathological variations, while the fibrosis of soft tissues surrounding the exposed nerve occurs in the second stage. The present study aimed to examine the radioprotective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation-induced sciatic nerve damage. Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: C (Control + Vehicle), M (Melatonin), R (Radiation + Vehicle), MR (Radiation + Melatonin). Their right legs were irradiated with a 30 Gy single dose of gamma rays. Then, 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered to the animals 30 min before irradiation once daily (5 mg/kg) until the day of rats' sacrifice. Their exposed nerve tissues were assessed using the sciatic functional index (SFI) and histological evaluation. Results: Four, 12 and 20 weeks post irradiation, the SFI results showed that irradiation led to partial loss of motor nerve function after 12 and 20 weeks. Histological evaluation showed the various stages of axonal degeneration and demyelination compared to the C and M groups. Scar-like tissues were detected around the irradiated nerves in the R group at 20 weeks, but were absent in the MR group. The SFI and histological results of the R group showed partial nerve lesion. However, in all cases, treatment with melatonin prevented these effects. Conclusions: Results showed that melatonin has the potential to improve functional and morphological features of exposed sciatic nerves. This could possibly improve the therapeutic window of radiotherapy.
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Fogli B, Corthout N, Kerstens A, Bosse F, Klimaschewski L, Munck S, Schweigreiter R. Imaging axon regeneration within synthetic nerve conduits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10095. [PMID: 31300753 PMCID: PMC6626049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While axons within the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate following injury, those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do, although not in a clinically satisfactory manner as only a small proportion of axons exhibit long-distance regeneration. Moreover, functional recovery is hampered by excessive axonal sprouting and aberrant reinnervation of target tissue. In order to investigate the mechanisms governing the regrowth of axons following injury, previous studies have used lesion paradigms of peripheral nerves in rat or mouse models, and reagents or cells have been administered to the lesion site through nerve conduits, aiming to improve early-stage regeneration. Morphological analysis of such in vivo experiments has however been limited by the incompatibility of synthetic nerve conduits with existing tissue-clearing and imaging techniques. We present herein a novel experimental approach that allows high-resolution imaging of individual axons within nerve conduits, together with quantitative assessment of fiber growth. We used a GFP-expressing mouse strain in a lesion model of the sciatic nerve to describe a strategy that combines nerve clearing, chemical treatment of chitosan nerve conduits, and long working distance confocal microscopy with image processing and analysis. This novel experimental setup provides a means of documenting axon growth within the actual conduit during the critical initial stage of regeneration. This will greatly facilitate the development and evaluation of treatment regimens to improve axonal regeneration following nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fogli
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axelle Kerstens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Bosse
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research O&N 4, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,KU Leuven, Department for Neuroscience, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB Bio Imaging Core, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rüdiger Schweigreiter
- Innsbruck Medical University, Biocenter, Division of Neurobiochemistry, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ronchi G, Morano M, Fregnan F, Pugliese P, Crosio A, Tos P, Geuna S, Haastert-Talini K, Gambarotta G. The Median Nerve Injury Model in Pre-clinical Research - A Critical Review on Benefits and Limitations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:288. [PMID: 31316355 PMCID: PMC6609919 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful introduction of innovative treatment strategies into clinical practise strongly depends on the availability of effective experimental models and their reliable pre-clinical assessment. Considering pre-clinical research for peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction, the far most used nerve regeneration model in the last decades is the sciatic nerve injury and repair model. More recently, the use of the median nerve injury and repair model has gained increasing attention due to some significant advantages it provides compared to sciatic nerve injury. Outstanding advantages are the availability of reliable behavioural tests for assessing posttraumatic voluntary motor recovery and a much lower impact on the animal wellbeing. In this article, the potential application of the median nerve injury and repair model in pre-clinical research is reviewed. In addition, we provide a synthetic overview of a variety of methods that can be applied in this model for nerve regeneration assessment. This article is aimed at helping researchers in adequately adopting this in vivo model for pre-clinical evaluation of peripheral nerve reconstruction as well as for interpreting the results in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Morano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crosio
- UO Microchirurgia e Chirurgia della Mano, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tos
- UO Microchirurgia e Chirurgia della Mano, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Hendry JM, Alvarez-Veronesi MC, Chiang C, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Neurofilament-histomorphometry comparison in the evaluation of unmyelinated axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury: An alternative to electron microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 320:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dias FJ, Fazan VPS, Cury DP, de Almeida SRY, Borie E, Fuentes R, Coutinho-Netto J, Watanabe IS. Growth factors expression and ultrastructural morphology after application of low-level laser and natural latex protein on a sciatic nerve crush-type injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210211. [PMID: 30625210 PMCID: PMC6326513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and natural latex protein (F1, Hevea brasiliensis) were evaluated on crush-type injuries (15kg) to the sciatic nerve in the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and ultrastructural morphology to associate with previous morphometric data using the same protocol of injury and treatment. Thirty-six male rats were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 6): 1-Control; 2-Exposed nerve; 3-Injured nerve; 4-LLLT (15J/cm2, 780nm, 30mW, Continuous Wave) treated injured nerve; 5-F1 (0,1mg) treated injured nerve; and 6-LLLT&F1 treated injured nerve. Four or eight weeks after, sciatic nerve samples were processed for analysis. NGF expression were higher (p<0.05) four weeks after in all injured groups in comparison to Control (Med:0.8; Q1:0; Q3:55.5%area). Among them, the Injured (Med:70.7; Q1:64.4; Q3:77.5%area) showed the highest expression, and F1 (Med:17.3; Q1:14.1; Q3:21.7%area) had the lowest. At week 8, NGF expressions decreased in the injured groups. VEGF was expressed in all groups; its higher expression was observed in the injured groups 4 weeks after (Injured. Med:29.5; F1. Med:17.7 and LLLT&F1. Med:19.4%area). At week 8, a general reduction of VEGF expression was noted, remaining higher in F1 (Med:35.1; Q1.30.6; Q3.39.6%area) and LLLT&F1 (Med:18.5; Q1:16; Q3:25%area). Ultrastructural morphology revealed improvements in the treated groups; 4 weeks after, the F1 group presented greater quantity and diameter of the nerve fibers uniformly distributed. Eight weeks after, the F1 and LLLT&F1 showed similar characteristics to the non-injured groups. In summary, these results and our previous studies indicated that F1 and LLLT may favorably influence the healing of nerve crush injury. Four weeks after nerve injury F1 group showed the best results suggesting recovery acceleration; at 8th week F1 and LLLT&F1 groups presented better features and higher vascularization that could be associated with VEGF maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Dias
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego Pulzatto Cury
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Borie
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Department of Integral Dentistry, CICO—Research Centre in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Joaquim Coutinho-Netto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ii-sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gu J, Xu H, Xu YP, Liu HH, Lang JT, Chen XP, Xu WH, Deng Y, Fan JP. Olfactory ensheathing cells promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after facial nerve defects. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:124-131. [PMID: 30531086 PMCID: PMC6263002 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa have been found to increase axonal sprouting and pathfinding and promote the recovery of vibrissae motor performance in facial nerve transection injured rats. However, it is not yet clear whether olfactory ensheathing cells promote the reparation of facial nerve defects in rats. In this study, a collagen sponge and silicone tube neural conduit was implanted into the 6-mm defect of the buccal branch of the facial nerve in adult rats. Olfactory ensheathing cells isolated from the olfactory bulb of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were injected into the neural conduits connecting the ends of the broken nerves, the morphology and function of the regenerated nerves were compared between the rats implanted with olfactory ensheathing cells with the rats injected with saline. Facial paralysis was assessed. Nerve electrography was used to measure facial nerve-induced action potentials. Visual inspection, anatomical microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to assess the histomorphology around the transplanted neural conduit and the morphology of the regenerated nerve. Using fluorogold retrograde tracing, toluidine blue staining and lead uranyl acetate staining, we also measured the number of neurons in the anterior exterior lateral facial nerve motor nucleus, the number of myelinated nerve fibers, and nerve fiber diameter and myelin sheath thickness, respectively. After surgery, olfactory ensheathing cells decreased facial paralysis and the latency of the facial nerve-induced action potentials. There were no differences in the general morphology of the regenerating nerves between the rats implanted with olfactory ensheathing cells and the rats injected with saline. Between-group results showed that olfactory ensheathing cell treatment increased the number of regenerated neurons, improved nerve fiber morphology, and increased the number of myelinated nerve fibers, nerve fiber diameter, and myelin sheath thickness. In conclusion, implantation of olfactory ensheathing cells can promote regeneration and functional recovery after facial nerve damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Hai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tian Lang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ping Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Mohammad-Bagher G, Arash A, Morteza BR, Naser MS, Ali M. Synergistic Effects of Acetyl-l-Carnitine and Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells on Improving Regenerative Capacity of Acellular Nerve Allograft in Sciatic Nerve Defect. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:490-502. [PMID: 30591528 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of decellularized nerve allograft and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) represents a good alternative to nerve autograft for bridging peripheral nerve defects by providing physical guidance and biologic cues. However, the regeneration outcome of acellular nerve allograft (ANA) is often inferior to autograft. Therefore, we hypothesized that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) treatment and implantation of ASC-embedded ANA would work synergistically to promote nerve regeneration. Seventy rats were randomly allocated into seven experimental groups (n = 10), including the healthy control group, sham surgery group, autograft group, ANA group, ANA + ASCs group, ANA + ALCAR group (50 mg/kg for 2 weeks), and ANA + ASCs + ALCAR (50 mg/kg for 2 weeks) group. All grafts were implanted to bridge long-gap (10-mm) sciatic nerve defects. Functional, electrophysiological, and morphologic analysis was conducted during the experimental period. We found that ALCAR potentiated the survival and retention of transplanted ASCs and upregulated the expression of neurotrophic factor mRNAs in transplanted grafts. Sixteen weeks following implantation in the rat, the ANA supplemented by ASCs was capable of supporting reinnervation across a 10-mm sciatic nerve gap, with results close to that of the autografts in terms of functional, electrophysiological, and histologic assessments. Results demonstrated that ALCAR treatment improved regenerative effects of ANA combined with ASCs on reconstruction of a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rat comparable to those of autograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayour Mohammad-Bagher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (G.M.-B., B.-R.M., M.-S.N., M.A.); Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran (A.A.); and Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran (A.A.)
| | - Abdolmaleki Arash
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (G.M.-B., B.-R.M., M.-S.N., M.A.); Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran (A.A.); and Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran (A.A.)
| | - Behnam-Rassouli Morteza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (G.M.-B., B.-R.M., M.-S.N., M.A.); Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran (A.A.); and Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran (A.A.)
| | - Mahdavi-Shahri Naser
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (G.M.-B., B.-R.M., M.-S.N., M.A.); Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran (A.A.); and Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran (A.A.)
| | - Moghimi Ali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (G.M.-B., B.-R.M., M.-S.N., M.A.); Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran (A.A.); and Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran (A.A.)
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Yurt KK, Kivrak EG, Altun G, Mohamed H, Ali F, Gasmalla HE, Kaplan S. A brief update on physical and optical disector applications and sectioning-staining methods in neuroscience. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 93:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Moattari M, Moattari F, Kaka G, Mohseni Kouchesfehani H, Sadraie SH, Naghdi M, Mansouri K. Evaluation of dexamethasone treated mesenchymal stem cells for recovery in neurotmesis model of peripheral nerve injury. Neurol Res 2018; 40:1060-1070. [PMID: 30246623 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1517859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral nerve injuries comprise significant portion of the nervous system injuries. Although peripheral nerves show some capacity of regeneration after injury, the extent of regeneration is not remarkable. The present study aimes to evaluate the regeneration of transected sciatic nerve by a therapeutic value of dexamethasone (DEX) associated with cell therapy (Cell) and biodegradable membrane (Mem) in rat. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 42, 180-200g) were randomly divided into control (Ctrl), Membrane+ Cell, Mem, DEX, DEX+ Cell, DEX+ Mem and DEX+ Cell+ Mem groups. Functional recovery was evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery using sciatic functional index (SFI), withdrawal reflex latency (WRL) test, electrophysiological and histological analyses. RESULTS The rats in the DEX+ Cell+ Mem-treated group showed a significant improvement in SFI, WRL and electrophysiological findings during the 2nd to 12th weeks after surgery. In addition, histomorphological findings showed a significant improvement in the DEX+ Cell+ Memtreated group, at 12 weeks after surgery. DISCUSSION Taken together, use of DEX associated with cell and biodegradable membrane could improve functional and histomorphological properties of the sciatic nerve after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Moattari
- a Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science , Kharazmi University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farahnaz Moattari
- b Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Persian Gulf University , Bushehr , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Kaka
- c Neuroscience Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Seyed Homayoon Sadraie
- c Neuroscience Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Majid Naghdi
- d Department of Anatomy , Fasa University of Medical Science , Fasa , Fars , Iran
| | - Korosh Mansouri
- e Department of Physical Medicine, and Rehabilitation , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Mohan S, Hernández IC, Wang W, Yin K, Sundback CA, Wegst UGK, Jowett N. Fluorescent Reporter Mice for Nerve Guidance Conduit Assessment: A High-Throughput in vivo Model. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E386-E392. [PMID: 30098047 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of cell culture and conventional in vivo mammalian models to assess nerve regeneration across guidance conduits is resource-intensive. Herein we describe a high-throughput platform utilizing transgenic mice for stain-free axon visualization paired with rapid cryosection techniques for low-cost screening of novel bioengineered nerve guidance conduit performance. METHODS Interposition repair of sciatic nerve transection in mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein in peripheral neurons (Thy1.2 YFP-16) was performed with various bioengineered neural conduit compositions using a rapid sutureless entubulation technique under isoflurane anesthesia. Axonal ingrowth was assessed at 3 and 6 weeks using epifluorescent microscopy following cryosectioning. RESULTS Mean procedure time (incision-to-closure) was less than 2½ minutes. Direct operational costs of a 3-week experiment was calculated at $21.47 per animal. Tissue processing steps were minimized to aldehyde fixation, cryoprotection and sectioning, and rapid fluorescent dye staining for conduit visualization. Fluorescent microscopy readily resolved robust axonal sprouting at 3 weeks, with clear elucidation of ingrowth-permissive, semipermissive, or restrictive nerve guidance conduit environments. CONCLUSION A rapid and cost-efficient in vivo platform for screening of nerve guidance conduit performance has been described. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, E392-E392, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mohan
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaiyang Yin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A
| | - Cathryn A Sundback
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ulrike G K Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ghnenis AB, Czaikowski RE, Zhang ZJ, Bushman JS. Toluidine Blue Staining of Resin-Embedded Sections for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Morphology. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30035773 DOI: 10.3791/58031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves extend throughout the body, innervating target tissues with motor or sensory axons. Due to widespread distribution, peripheral nerves are frequently damaged because of trauma or disease. As methods and strategies have been developed to assess peripheral nerve injury in animal models, function and regeneration, analyzing the morphometry of the peripheral nerve has become an essential terminal outcome measurement. Toluidine blue staining of nerve cross sections obtained from resin embedded nerve sections is a reproducible method for qualitative and quantitative assessments of peripheral nerves, enabling visualization of morphology number of axons and degree of myelination. This technique, as with many other histological methods, can be difficult to learn and master using standard written protocols. The intent of this publication is therefore to accentuate written protocols for toluidine blue staining of peripheral nerves with videography of the method, using sciatic nerves harvested from rats. In this protocol, we describe in vivo peripheral nerve fixation and collection of the tissue, and post-fixation with 2% osmium tetroxide, embedding of nerves in epoxy resin, and ultramicrotome sectioning of nerves to 1-2μm thickness. Nerve sections then transferred to a glass slide and stained with toluidine blue, after which they are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Examples of the most common problems are shown, as well as steps for mitigating these issues.
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Lu C, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang C, Sun X, Lu J, Yin H, Jiang W, Meng H, Rao F, Wang X, Peng J. Bioactive Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Functionalized with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor Mimicking Peptides Synergistically Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2994-3005. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Weijin Road no. 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Heyong Yin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 20, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Feng Rao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
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Long-Term In Vivo Evaluation of Chitosan Nerve Guide Properties with respect to Two Different Sterilization Methods. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6982738. [PMID: 29967779 PMCID: PMC6008694 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6982738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injuries are reconstructed either with autologous nerve grafts (gold standard) or alternatively with clinically approved artificial nerve guides. The most common method used to sterilize these medical products is ethylene oxide gassing (EO). However, this method has several disadvantages. An alternative, which has been barely studied so far, represents beta irradiation (β). In previous studies, we developed an artificial nerve guide made of chitosan (chitosan nerve guide, CNG), a biomaterial that is known to potentially retain toxic residues upon EO sterilization. Therefore, we analyzed the long-term regeneration-supporting and mechanical properties of CNGs upon their sterilization with EO or β and their following application in unilateral repair of 12 mm gaps of the rat sciatic nerve. Over a period of 76 weeks, we serially evaluated the recovery of motor functions, the possible emergence of an inflammation in the surrounding connective tissue, the regrowth of axons into the distal nerve, and possible changes in the material properties. Our first long-term evaluation did not reveal significant differences between both sterilization methods. Thus, β is as appropriate as commonly used EO for sterilization of CNGs; however, it may slightly increase the stiffness of the biomaterial over time.
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Bolon B, Krinke G, Butt MT, Rao DB, Pardo ID, Jortner BS, Garman RH, Jensen K, Andrews-Jones L, Morrison JP, Sharma AK, Thibodeau MS. STP Position Paper: Recommended Best Practices for Sampling, Processing, and Analysis of the Peripheral Nervous System (Nerves and Somatic and Autonomic Ganglia) during Nonclinical Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:372-402. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318772484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity is surveyed inconsistently in nonclinical general toxicity studies. These Society of Toxicologic Pathology “best practice” recommendations are designed to ensure consistent, efficient, and effective sampling, processing, and evaluation of PNS tissues for four different situations encountered during nonclinical general toxicity (screening) and dedicated neurotoxicity studies. For toxicity studies where neurotoxicity is unknown or not anticipated (situation 1), PNS evaluation may be limited to one sensorimotor spinal nerve. If somatic PNS neurotoxicity is suspected (situation 2), analysis minimally should include three spinal nerves, multiple dorsal root ganglia, and a trigeminal ganglion. If autonomic PNS neuropathy is suspected (situation 3), parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia should be assessed. For dedicated neurotoxicity studies where a neurotoxic effect is expected (situation 4), PNS sampling follows the strategy for situations 2 and/or 3, as dictated by functional or other compound/target-specific data. For all situations, bilateral sampling with unilateral processing is acceptable. For situations 1–3, PNS is processed conventionally (immersion in buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, and hematoxylin and eosin staining). For situation 4 (and situations 2 and 3 if resources and timing permit), perfusion fixation with methanol-free fixative is recommended. Where PNS neurotoxicity is suspected or likely, at least one (situations 2 and 3) or two (situation 4) nerve cross sections should be postfixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium before hard plastic resin embedding; soft plastic embedding is not a suitable substitute for hard plastic. Special methods may be used if warranted to further characterize PNS findings. Initial PNS analysis should be informed, not masked (“blinded”). Institutions may adapt these recommendations to fit their specific programmatic requirements but may need to explain in project documentation the rationale for their chosen PNS sampling, processing, and evaluation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark T. Butt
- Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepa B. Rao
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bernard S. Jortner
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert H. Garman
- Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Inc., Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karl Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Alvites R, Rita Caseiro A, Santos Pedrosa S, Vieira Branquinho M, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Varejão AS, Colette Maurício A. Peripheral nerve injury and axonotmesis: State of the art and recent advances. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1466404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Artur S.P. Varejão
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Casal D, Mota-Silva E, Iria I, Alves S, Farinho A, Pen C, Lourenço-Silva N, Mascarenhas-Lemos L, Silva-Ferreira J, Ferraz-Oliveira M, Vassilenko V, Videira PA, Goyri-O’Neill J, Pais D. Reconstruction of a 10-mm-long median nerve gap in an ischemic environment using autologous conduits with different patterns of blood supply: A comparative study in the rat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195692. [PMID: 29659600 PMCID: PMC5902043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate in the Wistar rat the efficacy of various autologous nerve conduits with various forms of blood supply in reconstructing a 10-mm-long gap in the median nerve (MN) under conditions of local ischemia. A 10-mm-long median nerve defect was created in the right arm. A loose silicone tube was placed around the nerve gap zone, in order to simulate a local ischemic environment. Rats were divided in the following experimental groups (each with 20 rats): the nerve Graft (NG) group, in which the excised MN segment was reattached; the conventional nerve flap (CNF) and the arterialized neurovenous flap (ANVF) groups in which the gap was bridged with homonymous median nerve flaps; the prefabricated nerve flap (PNF) group in which the gap was reconstructed with a fabricated flap created by leaving an arteriovenous fistula in contact with the sciatic nerve for 5 weeks; and the two control groups, Sham and Excision groups. In the latter group, the proximal stump of the MN nerve was ligated and no repair was performed. The rats were followed for 100 days. During this time, they did physiotherapy. Functional, electroneuromyographic and histological studies were performed. The CNF and ANVF groups presented better results than the NG group in the following assessments: grasping test, nociception, motor stimulation threshold, muscle weight, and histomorphometric evaluation. Radial deviation of the operated forepaw was more common in rats that presented worse results in the other outcome variables. Overall, CNFs and ANVFs produced a faster and more complete recovery than NGs in the reconstruction of a 10-mm-long median nerve gap in an ischemic environment in the Wistar rat. Although, results obtained with CNFs were in most cases were better than ANVFs, these differences were not statistically significant for most of the outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Casal
- Anatomy Department, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mota-Silva
- LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Iria
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Farinho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pen
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Mascarenhas-Lemos
- Anatomy Department, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Silva-Ferreira
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Ferraz-Oliveira
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central–Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- UCIBIO, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Goyri-O’Neill
- Anatomy Department, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pais
- Anatomy Department, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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EGFP transgene: a useful tool to track transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cell contribution to peripheral remyelination. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:135-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nf2 Mutation in Schwann Cells Delays Functional Neural Recovery Following Injury. Neuroscience 2018; 374:205-213. [PMID: 29408605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Merlin is the protein product of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Germline NF2 mutation leads to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), characterized by multiple intracranial and spinal schwannomas. Patients with NF2 also frequently develop peripheral neuropathies. While the role of merlin in SC neoplasia is well established, its role in SC homeostasis is less defined. Here we explore the role of merlin in SC responses to nerve injury and their ability to support axon regeneration. We performed sciatic nerve crush in wild-type (WT) and in P0SchΔ39-121 transgenic mice that express a dominant negative Nf2 isoform in SCs. Recovery of nerve function was assessed by measuring mean contact paw area on a pressure pad 7, 21, 60, and 90 days following nerve injury and by nerve conduction assays at 90 days following injury. After 90 days, the nerves were harvested and axon regeneration was quantified stereologically. Myelin ultrastructure was analyzed by electron microscopy. Functional studies showed delayed nerve regeneration in Nf2 mutant mice compared to the WT mice. Delayed neural recovery correlated with a reduced density of regenerated axons and increased endoneurial space in mutants compared to WT mice. Nevertheless, functional and nerve conduction measures ultimately recovered to similar levels in WT and Nf2 mutant mice, while there was a small (∼17%) reduction in the percent of regenerated axons in the Nf2 mutant mice. The data suggest that merlin function in SCs regulates neural ultrastructure and facilitates neural regeneration, in addition to its role in SC neoplasia.
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48
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Effects of photobiomodulation on experimental models of peripheral nerve injury. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:2155-2165. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A, Rassouli M. Neuroprotective effect of Lovastatin on motor deficit induced by sciatic nerve crush in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Casal D, Pais D, Iria I, Videira PA, Mota-Silva E, Alves S, Mascarenhas-Lemos L, Pen C, Vassilenko V, Goyri-O’Neill J. Blood Supply to the Integument of the Abdomen of the Rat: A Surgical Perspective. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1454. [PMID: 29062636 PMCID: PMC5640333 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many fundamental questions regarding the blood supply to the integument of the rat remain to be clarified, namely the degree of homology between rat and humans. The aim of this work was to characterize in detail the macro and microvascular blood supply to the integument covering the ventrolateral aspect of the abdominal wall of the rat. METHODS Two hundred five Wistar male rats weighing 250-350 g were used. They were submitted to gross anatomical dissection after intravascular colored latex injection (n = 30); conversion in modified Spalteholz cleared specimens (n=10); intravascular injection of a Perspex solution, and then corroded, in order to produce vascular corrosion casts of the vessels in the region (n = 5); histological studies (n = 20); scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts (n = 10); surgical dissection of the superficial caudal epigastric vessels (n = 100); and to thermographic evaluation (n = 30). RESULTS The ventrolateral abdominal wall presented a dominant superficial vascular system, which was composed mainly of branches from the superficial caudal epigastric artery and vein in the caudal half. The cranial half still received significant arterial contributions from the lateral thoracic artery in all cases and from large perforators coming from the intercostal arteries and from the deep cranial epigastric artery. CONCLUSIONS These data show that rats and humans present a great deal of homology regarding the blood supply to the ventrolateral aspect of the abdominal integument. However, there are also significant differences that must be taken into consideration when performing and interpreting experimental procedures in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Casal
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pais
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Iria
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Videira
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mota-Silva
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Mascarenhas-Lemos
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pen
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Goyri-O’Neill
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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