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Witecka A, Kazak V, Kwiatkowski S, Kiersztan A, Jagielski AK, Kozminski W, Augustyniak R, Drozak J. Hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 14 (HSD17B14) is an L-fucose dehydrogenase, the initial enzyme of the L-fucose degradation pathway. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107501. [PMID: 38944119 PMCID: PMC11293516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
L-Fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose), a monosaccharide abundant in glycolipids and glycoproteins produced by mammalian cells, has been extensively studied for its role in intracellular biosynthesis and recycling of GDP-L-fucose for fucosylation. However, in certain mammalian species, L-fucose is efficiently broken down to pyruvate and lactate in a poorly understood metabolic pathway. In the 1970s, L-fucose dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible for the initial step of this pathway, was partially purified from pig and rabbit livers and characterized biochemically. However, its molecular identity remained elusive until recently. This study reports the purification, identification, and biochemical characterization of the mammalian L-fucose dehydrogenase. The enzyme was purified from rabbit liver approximately 340-fold. Mass spectrometry analysis of the purified protein preparation identified mammalian hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 14 (HSD17B14) as the sole candidate enzyme. Rabbit and human HSD17B14 were expressed in HEK293T and Escherichia coli, respectively, purified, and demonstrated to catalyze the oxidation of L-fucose to L-fucono-1,5-lactone, as confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. Substrate specificity studies revealed that L-fucose is the preferred substrate for both enzymes. The human enzyme exhibited a catalytic efficiency for L-fucose that was 359-fold higher than its efficiency for estradiol. Additionally, recombinant rat HSD17B14 exhibited negligible activity towards L-fucose, consistent with the absence of L-fucose metabolism in this species. The identification of the gene-encoding mammalian L-fucose dehydrogenase provides novel insights into the substrate specificity of enzymes belonging to the 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase family. This discovery also paves the way for unraveling the physiological functions of the L-fucose degradation pathway, which remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Varvara Kazak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Biotechnology Division, Research & Development Centre, Celon Pharma S.A., Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Anna Kiersztan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Kozminski
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Augustyniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Xu X, Gao C, Ye F, Peng A, Xu J, Jin K, Zhang J, Ye Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Shen S, Jin F. From phenotype to mechanism: Prenatal spectrum of NKAP mutation-related disorder and its pathogenesis inducing congenital heart disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18305. [PMID: 38647244 PMCID: PMC11034370 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
NKAP mutations are associated with Hackmann-Di Donato-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHD, MIM: #301039). Here, we elucidate the potential prenatal manifestation of NKAP mutation-associated disorder for the first time, alongside revealing the relationship between NKAP mutations and congenital heart defect (CHD) in the Chinese population. An NKAP mutation (NM_024528.4: c.988C>T, p.Arg330Cys) was identified in two foetuses presenting with CHD. Subsequent mechanistic exploration revealed a marked downregulation of NKAP transcription within HEK293T cells transfected with NKAP p.R330C. However, no significant change was observed at the protein level. Moreover, the mutation led to a dysregulation in the transcription of genes associated with cardiac morphogenesis, such as DHRS3, DNAH11 and JAG1. Additionally, our research determined that NKAP p.R330C affected Nkap protein intra-nuclear distribution, and binding with Hdac3. Summarily, our study strengthens NKAP mutations as a cause of CHD and prompts the reclassification of NKAP p.R330C as likely pathogenic, thereby establishing a prospective prenatal phenotypic spectrum that provides new insight into the prenatal diagnosis of CHD. Our findings also provide evidence of NKAP p.R330C pathogenicity and demonstrate the potential mechanism by which p.R330C dysregulates cardiac developmental gene transcription by altering Nkap intra-nuclear distribution and obstructing the interaction between Nkap and Hdac3, thereby leading to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayuan Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang ProvinceDian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fenglei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyLishui Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Keqin Jin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Yun Ye
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Yanfen Yang
- Department of UltrasonographyJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang ProvinceDian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shuangshuang Shen
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterJinhua Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Fan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Tang S, Zhao Z, Wang Y, El Akkawi MM, Tan Z, Liu D, Chen G, Liu H. DHRS7 is an immune-related prognostic biomarker of KIRC and pan-cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1015844. [PMID: 36276963 PMCID: PMC9584615 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1015844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one malignancy whose development and prognosis have been associated with aberrant DHRS7 expression. However, the catalytic activity and pathophysiology of KIRC are poorly understood, and no sensitive tumor biomarkers have yet been discovered. In our study, we examined the significant influence of DHRS7 on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor progression using an overall predictable and prognostic evaluation approach. We found novel cancer staging, particularly in KIRC, as well as potential therapeutic drugs out of 27 drug sensitivity tests. Using Perl scripts, it was possible to determine the number of somatic mutations present in 33 tumors, as well as the relative scores of 22 immune cells using CIBERSORT, the relationship between immune infiltration and differential expression using TCGA data, and the immune microenvironment score using the estimate technique. Our results show that DHRS7 is abnormally expressed in pan-cancer patients, which influences their survival. Low DHRS7 expression was associated with late clinical stages and a low survival rate in KIRC patients, suggesting a poor prognosis and course of treatment, in HNSG, MESO, and KIRC patients. We also found that DHRS7 was associated with TMB and MSI in certain tumors. Using KIRC as an example, we discovered a negative correlation between DHRS7 expression and immunological assessments, suggesting that this substance might be used as a tumor biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mariya M. El Akkawi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhennan Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Liu,
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Stücheli S, Araya S, Ercan C, Moser SO, Gallon J, Jenö P, Piscuoglio S, Terracciano L, Odermatt A. The Potential Tumor-Suppressor DHRS7 Inversely Correlates with EGFR Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells and Tumor Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133074. [PMID: 35804847 PMCID: PMC9264982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Current therapies are initially effective but resistance often develops, leading to tumor recurrence and death. Further research on new players, mechanisms involved in prostate cancer, and therapy resistance is needed. We studied the role of DHRS7, a potential tumor suppressor with currently unknown physiological function, in prostate cancer cells using proteome and gene expression analyses. Despite the fact that DHRS7 can inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone, its effect on prostate cancer cells seems to be unrelated to androgen metabolism. When comparing three widely studied prostate cancer cell lines, we observed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression. DHRS7 knockdown enhanced EGFR expression, while knockdown of EGFR tended to increase DHRS7 expression. Importantly, DHRS7 expression negatively correlates with EGFR expression and positively with survival rates in prostate cancer patients. This study suggests a tumor-suppressor role for DHRS7 by modulating EGFR expression in prostate cancer. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common malignancies in men, typically responds to initial treatment, but resistance to therapy often leads to metastases and death. The dehydrogenase/reductase 7 (DHRS7, SDR34C1) is an “orphan” enzyme without known physiological function. DHRS7 was previously found to be decreased in higher-stage PCa, and siRNA-mediated knockdown increased the aggressiveness of LNCaP cells. To further explore the role of DHRS7 in PCa, we analyzed the proteome of LNCaP cells following DHRS7 knockdown to assess potentially altered pathways. Although DHRS7 is able to inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone, DHRS7 knockdown did not affect androgen receptor (AR) target gene expression, and its effect on PCa cells seems to be androgen-independent. Importantly, proteome analyses revealed increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which was confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Comparison of AR-positive LNCaP with AR-negative PC-3 and DU145 PCa cell lines revealed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression. Conversely, EGFR knockdown enhanced DHRS7 expression in these cells. Importantly, analysis of patient samples revealed a negative correlation between DHRS7 and EGFR expression, both at the mRNA and protein levels, and DHRS7 expression correlated positively with patient survival rates. These results suggest a protective role for DHRS7 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stücheli
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - Selene Araya
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Seraina O. Moser
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Paul Jenö
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (C.E.); (S.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (S.A.); (S.O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-15-30
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O’Connor C, Varshosaz P, Moise AR. Mechanisms of Feedback Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061312. [PMID: 35334970 PMCID: PMC8950952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites, vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and repair of adult tissues. Abnormal tissue levels of the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, can result in detrimental effects which can include congenital defects, immune deficiencies, proliferative defects, and toxicity. For this reason, intricate feedback mechanisms have evolved to allow tissues to generate appropriate levels of active retinoid metabolites despite variations in the level and format, or in the absorption and conversion efficiency of dietary vitamin A precursors. Here, we review basic mechanisms that govern vitamin A signaling and metabolism, and we focus on retinoic acid-controlled feedback mechanisms that contribute to vitamin A homeostasis. Several approaches to investigate mechanistic details of the vitamin A homeostatic regulation using genomic, gene editing, and chromatin capture technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Connor
- MD Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Parisa Varshosaz
- Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7253
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6
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Badran MJ, Bertoletti N, Keils A, Heine A, Klebe G, Marchais-Oberwinkler S. Mutational and structural studies uncover crucial amino acids determining activity and stability of 17β-HSD14. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:135-144. [PMID: 30836176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 14 (17β-HSD14) catalyzes the conversion of highly active estrogens and androgens into their less active oxidized forms in presence of NAD+ as cofactor. The crystal structure of 17β-HSD14 has been determined, however, the role of individual amino acids likely involved in the enzymatic function remains poorly understood. Objective of this study was to further characterize the enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis considering five amino acids next to the catalytic center. The tools used for the characterization of the enzyme variants are X-ray crystallography and enzyme kinetics. Lys158 was confirmed to belong to the catalytic triad. Tyr253', located on the C-terminal loop of the adjacent monomer, enters into the active site of the neighboring monomer and interacts with the catalytic Tyr154. Therefore, Tyr253' helps to tie the two monomers together. Cys255, located at the interface between both monomers, can form a disulfide bridge with the Cys255' from the adjacent monomer. In contrast to the contact provided by Tyr253, the latter interaction is not crucial for dimer formation. His93 and Gln148 are located at the rim of the substrate binding pocket. His93 does not interact directly with the ligand in the active site. However, it influences the turnover of the enzyme. The Gln148 restricts in size the access tunnel of the substrate to the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Badran
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Bertoletti
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aline Keils
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Cesarani A, Sorbolini S, Criscione A, Bordonaro S, Pulina G, Battacone G, Marletta D, Gaspa G, Macciotta NPP. Genome-wide variability and selection signatures in Italian island cattle breeds. Anim Genet 2018; 49:371-383. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cesarani
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - S. Sorbolini
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - A. Criscione
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente; Università degli Studi di Catania; 95131 Catania Italy
| | - S. Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente; Università degli Studi di Catania; 95131 Catania Italy
| | - G. Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
- Agenzia FORESTAS; Regione Autonoma della Sardegna 09123 Cagliari Italy
| | - G. Battacone
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - D. Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente; Università degli Studi di Catania; 95131 Catania Italy
| | - G. Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - N. P. P. Macciotta
- Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
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Rovadoscki GA, Pertile SFN, Alvarenga AB, Cesar ASM, Pértille F, Petrini J, Franzo V, Soares WVB, Morota G, Spangler ML, Pinto LFB, Carvalho GGP, Lanna DPD, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB. Estimates of genomic heritability and genome-wide association study for fatty acids profile in Santa Inês sheep. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:375. [PMID: 29783944 PMCID: PMC5963081 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the health concerns and nutritional importance of fatty acids, there is a relative paucity of studies in the literature that report genetic or genomic parameters, especially in the case of sheep populations. To investigate the genetic architecture of fatty acid composition of sheep, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and estimated genomic heritabilities for fatty acid profile in Longissimus dorsi muscle of 216 male sheep. RESULTS Genomic heritability estimates for fatty acid content ranged from 0.25 to 0.46, indicating that substantial genetic variation exists for the evaluated traits. Therefore, it is possible to alter fatty acid profiles through selection. Twenty-seven genomic regions of 10 adjacent SNPs associated with fatty acids composition were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, each explaining ≥0.30% of the additive genetic variance. Twenty-three genes supporting the understanding of genetic mechanisms of fat composition in sheep were identified in these regions, such as DGAT2, TRHDE, TPH2, ME1, C6, C7, UBE3D, PARP14, and MRPS30. CONCLUSIONS Estimates of genomic heritabilities and elucidating important genomic regions can contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of fatty acid deposition and improve the selection strategies to enhance meat quality and health attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Rovadoscki
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - S F N Pertile
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A B Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A S M Cesar
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - F Pértille
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - J Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - V Franzo
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - W V B Soares
- Institute of Zootechny (IZ), Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - G Morota
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - M L Spangler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - L F B Pinto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - G G P Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - D P D Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - G B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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9
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Cooke Bailey JN, Gharahkhani P, Kang JH, Butkiewicz M, Sullivan DA, Weinreb RN, Aschard H, Allingham RR, Ashley-Koch A, Lee RK, Moroi SE, Brilliant MH, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Fingert JH, Budenz DL, Realini T, Gaasterland T, Scott WK, Singh K, Sit AJ, Igo RP, Song YE, Hark L, Ritch R, Rhee DJ, Vollrath D, Zack DJ, Medeiros F, Vajaranant TS, Chasman DI, Christen WG, Pericak-Vance MA, Liu Y, Kraft P, Richards JE, Rosner BA, Hauser MA, Craig JE, Burdon KP, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Haines JL, MacGregor S, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Testosterone Pathway Genetic Polymorphisms in Relation to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Analysis in Two Large Datasets. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:629-636. [PMID: 29392307 PMCID: PMC5795896 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sex hormones may be associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), although the mechanisms are unclear. We previously observed that gene variants involved with estrogen metabolism were collectively associated with POAG in women but not men; here we assessed gene variants related to testosterone metabolism collectively and POAG risk. Methods We used two datasets: one from the United States (3853 cases and 33,480 controls) and another from Australia (1155 cases and 1992 controls). Both datasets contained densely called genotypes imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. We used pathway- and gene-based approaches with Pathway Analysis by Randomization Incorporating Structure (PARIS) software to assess the overall association between a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in testosterone metabolism genes and POAG. In sex-stratified analyses, we evaluated POAG overall and POAG subtypes defined by maximum IOP (high-tension [HTG] or normal tension glaucoma [NTG]). Results In the US dataset, the SNP panel was not associated with POAG (permuted P = 0.77), although there was an association in the Australian sample (permuted P = 0.018). In both datasets, the SNP panel was associated with POAG in men (permuted P ≤ 0.033) and not women (permuted P ≥ 0.42), but in gene-based analyses, there was no consistency on the main genes responsible for these findings. In both datasets, the testosterone pathway association with HTG was significant (permuted P ≤ 0.011), but again, gene-based analyses showed no consistent driver gene associations. Conclusions Collectively, testosterone metabolism pathway SNPs were consistently associated with the high-tension subtype of POAG in two datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David A. Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R. Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Richard K. Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sayoko E. Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Murray H. Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - John H. Fingert
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Donald L. Budenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Tony Realini
- Department of Ophthalmology, WVU Eye Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Genome Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - William K. Scott
- Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Arthur J. Sit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Yeunjoo E. Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Lisa Hark
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Douglas J. Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Felipe Medeiros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Thasarat S. Vajaranant
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - William G. Christen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Julia E. Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - for the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG) Consortium
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, WVU Eye Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Scripps Genome Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
- Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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10
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Braun F, Bertoletti N, Möller G, Adamski J, Steinmetzer T, Salah M, Abdelsamie AS, van Koppen CJ, Heine A, Klebe G, Marchais-Oberwinkler S. First Structure–Activity Relationship of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 14 Nonsteroidal Inhibitors and Crystal Structures in Complex with the Enzyme. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10719-10737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Braun
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Bertoletti
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Genome
Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Genome
Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Salah
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Campus A1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Heine
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Bertoletti N, Braun F, Lepage M, Möller G, Adamski J, Heine A, Klebe G, Marchais-Oberwinkler S. New Insights into Human 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 14: First Crystal Structures in Complex with a Steroidal Ligand and with a Potent Nonsteroidal Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6961-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bertoletti
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Braun
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mahalia Lepage
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental
Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental
Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl
für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Štambergová H, Zemanová L, Lundová T, Malčeková B, Skarka A, Šafr M, Wsól V. Human DHRS7, promising enzyme in metabolism of steroids and retinoids? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:112-9. [PMID: 26466768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of steroids and retinoids has been studied in detail for a long time, as these compounds are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Many enzymes participating in the conversion of such compounds are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Despite great effort, there still remain a number of poorly characterized SDR proteins. According to various bioinformatics predictions, many of these proteins may play a role in the metabolism of steroids and retinoids. Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7 (DHRS7) is one such protein. In a previous study, we determined DHRS7 to be an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum facing the lumen which has shown at least in vitro NADPH-dependent reducing activity toward several eobiotics and xenobiotics bearing a carbonyl moiety. In the present paper pure DHRS7 was used for a more detailed study of both substrate screening and an analysis of kinetics parameters of the physiologically important substrates androstene-3,17-dione, cortisone and all-trans-retinal. Expression patterns of DHRS7 at the mRNA as well as protein level were determined in a panel of various human tissue samples, a procedure that has enabled the first estimation of the possible biological function of this enzyme. DHRS7 is expressed in tissues such as prostate, adrenal glands, liver or intestine, where its activity could be well exploited. Preliminary indications show that DHRS7 exhibits dual substrate specificity recognizing not only steroids but also retinoids as potential substrates and could be important in the metabolism of these signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Štambergová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Lundová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Malčeková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šafr
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Wsól
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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13
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Passon N, Bregant E, Sponziello M, Dima M, Rosignolo F, Durante C, Celano M, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. Somatic amplifications and deletions in genome of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine 2015; 50:453-64. [PMID: 25863487 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gene copy number variation contributes to tumor progression. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, the presence of genomic imbalances was evaluated in a series of 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). To detect only somatic imbalances, for each sample, the reference DNA was from normal thyroid tissue of the same patient. The presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was also evaluated. Both amplifications and deletions showed an uneven distribution along the entire PTC cohort; amplifications were more frequent than deletions (mean values of 17.5 and 7.2, respectively). Number of aberration events was not even among samples, the majority of them occurring only in a small fraction of PTCs. Most frequent amplifications were detected at regions 2q35, 4q26, and 4q34.1, containing FN1, PDE5A, and GALNTL6 genes, respectively. Most frequent deletions occurred at regions 6q25.2, containing OPMR1 and IPCEF1 genes and 7q14.2, containing AOAH and ELMO1 genes. Amplification of FN1 and PDE5A genomic regions was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Frequency of amplifications and deletions was in relationship with clinical features and BRAF mutation status of tumor. In fact, according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk classification, amplifications are more frequent in higher risk samples, while deletions tend to prevail in the lower risk tumors. Analysis of single aberrations according to the ATA risk grouping shows that amplifications containing PDE5A, GALNTL6, DHRS3, and DOCK9 genes are significantly more frequent in the intermediate/high risk group than in the low risk group. Thus, our data would indicate that analysis of somatic genome aberrations by CGH array can be useful to identify additional prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Passon
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Bregant
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dima
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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14
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Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 8 (DHRS8): a description and evaluation of its biochemical properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:35-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Seibert JK, Quagliata L, Quintavalle C, Hammond TG, Terracciano L, Odermatt A. A role for the dehydrogenase DHRS7 (SDR34C1) in prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1717-29. [PMID: 26311046 PMCID: PMC4673999 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microarray studies of prostate cancer (PCa) samples have suggested altered expression of the "orphan" enzyme short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase DHRS7 (retSDR4, SDR34C1). However, the role of DHRS7 in PCa is largely unknown and the impact of DHRS7 modulation on cancer cell properties has not yet been studied. Here, we investigated DHRS7 expression in normal human prostate and PCa tissue samples at different tumor grade using tissue microarray and immunovisualization. Moreover, we characterized the effects of siRNA-mediated DHRS7 knockdown on the properties of three distinct human prostate cell lines. We found that DHRS7 protein expression decreases alongside tumor grade, as judged by the Gleason level, in PCa tissue samples. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHRS7 expression in the human PCa cell lines LNCaP, BPH1, and PC3 significantly increased cell proliferation in LNCaP cells as well as cell migration in all of the investigated cell lines. Furthermore, cell adhesion was decreased upon DHRS7 knockdown in all three cell lines. To begin to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of DHRS7 depletion, we performed a microarray study with samples from LNCaP cells treated with DHRS7-specific siRNA. Several genes involved in cell proliferation and adhesion pathways were found to be altered in DHRS7-depleted LNCaP cells. Additionally, genes of the BRCA1/2 pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulator E-cadherin were altered following DHRS7 knockdown. Based on these results, further research is needed to evaluate the potential role of DHRS7 as a tumor suppressor and whether its loss-of-function promotes PCa progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Seibert
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Hammond
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Cesar ASM, Regitano LCA, Mourão GB, Tullio RR, Lanna DPD, Nassu RT, Mudado MA, Oliveira PSN, do Nascimento ML, Chaves AS, Alencar MM, Sonstegard TS, Garrick DJ, Reecy JM, Coutinho LL. Genome-wide association study for intramuscular fat deposition and composition in Nellore cattle. BMC Genet 2014; 15:39. [PMID: 24666668 PMCID: PMC4230646 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meat from Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds are an important source of nutrients for humans and intramuscular fat (IMF) influences its flavor, nutritional value and impacts human health. Human consumption of fat that contains high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) can reduce the concentration of undesirable cholesterol (LDL) in circulating blood. Different feeding practices and genetic variation within and between breeds influences the amount of IMF and fatty acid (FA) composition in meat. However, it is difficult and costly to determine fatty acid composition, which has precluded beef cattle breeding programs from selecting for a healthier fatty acid profile. In this study, we employed a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to genotype 386 Nellore steers, a Bos indicus breed and, a Bayesian approach to identify genomic regions and putative candidate genes that could be involved with deposition and composition of IMF. Results Twenty-three genomic regions (1-Mb SNP windows) associated with IMF deposition and FA composition that each explain ≥ 1% of the genetic variance were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 26 and 27. Many of these regions were not previously detected in other breeds. The genes present in these regions were identified and some can help explain the genetic basis of deposition and composition of fat in cattle. Conclusions The genomic regions and genes identified contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of fatty acid deposition and can lead to DNA-based selection strategies to improve meat quality for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba SP 13418-900, Brazil.
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17
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Purification and reconstitution of human membrane-bound DHRS7 (SDR34C1) from Sf9 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 95:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Stambergova H, Skarydova L, Dunford JE, Wsol V. Biochemical properties of human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 207:52-7. [PMID: 24246760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7 (DHRS7, retSDR4, SDR34C1) is a previously uncharacterized member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. While human SDR members are known to play an important role in various (patho)biochemical pathways including intermediary metabolism and biotransformation of xenobiotics, only 20% of them are considered to be well characterized. Based on phylogenetic tree and SDR sequence clusters analysis DHRS7 is a close relative to well-known SDR member 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) that participates in metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic substances with carbonyl group. The aim of present study is to determine the basic biochemical properties of DHRS7 and its possible involvement in metabolism of substrates with carbonyl group. For the first time the computational predictions of this membrane protein and membrane topology were experimentally confirmed. DHRS7 has been demonstrated to be an integral protein facing the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum with lack of posttranscriptional glycosylation modification. Subsequently, NADP(H) cofactor preference and enzymatic reducing activity of DHRS7 was determined towards endogenous substrates with a steroid structure (cortisone, 4-androstene-3,17-dion) and also toward relevant exogenous substances bearing a carbonyl group harmful to human health (1,2-naphtoquinone, 9,10-phenantrenequinone). In addition to 11β-HSD1, DHRS7 is another enzyme from SDR superfamily that have been proved, at least in vitro, to contribute to the metabolism of xenobiotics with carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Stambergova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Skarydova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - James E Dunford
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Vladimir Wsol
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Škarydová L, Wsól V. Human microsomal carbonyl reducing enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics: well-known and promising members of the SDR superfamily. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 44:173-91. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.638304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Albalat R, Brunet F, Laudet V, Schubert M. Evolution of retinoid and steroid signaling: vertebrate diversification from an amphioxus perspective. Genome Biol Evol 2011; 3:985-1005. [PMID: 21856648 PMCID: PMC3184775 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evr084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the physiological relevance of retinoids and steroids in vertebrates is very well established, the origin and evolution of the genetic machineries implicated in their metabolic pathways is still very poorly understood. We investigated the evolution of these genetic networks by conducting an exhaustive survey of components of the retinoid and steroid pathways in the genome of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). Due to its phylogenetic position at the base of chordates, amphioxus is a very useful model to identify and study chordate versus vertebrate innovations, both on a morphological and a genomic level. We have characterized more than 220 amphioxus genes evolutionarily related to vertebrate components of the retinoid and steroid pathways and found that, globally, amphioxus has orthologs of most of the vertebrate components of these two pathways, with some very important exceptions. For example, we failed to identify a vertebrate-like machinery for retinoid storage, transport, and delivery in amphioxus and were also unable to characterize components of the adrenal steroid pathway in this invertebrate chordate. The absence of these genes from the amphioxus genome suggests that both an elaboration and a refinement of the retinoid and steroid pathways took place at the base of the vertebrate lineage. In stark contrast, we also identified massive amplifications in some amphioxus gene families, most extensively in the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, which, based on phylogenetic and genomic linkage analyses, were likely the result of duplications specific to the amphioxus lineage. In sum, this detailed characterization of genes implicated in retinoid and steroid signaling in amphioxus allows us not only to reconstruct an outline of these pathways in the ancestral chordate but also to discuss functional innovations in retinoid homeostasis and steroid-dependent regulation in both cephalochordate and vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Albalat
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Romanuik TL, Wang G, Morozova O, Delaney A, Marra MA, Sadar MD. LNCaP Atlas: gene expression associated with in vivo progression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:43. [PMID: 20868494 PMCID: PMC2956710 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no cure for castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) and the mechanisms underlying this stage of the disease are unknown. Methods We analyzed the transcriptome of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells as they progress to CRPC in vivo using replicate LongSAGE libraries. We refer to these libraries as the LNCaP atlas and compared these gene expression profiles with current suggested models of CRPC. Results Three million tags were sequenced using in vivo samples at various stages of hormonal progression to reveal 96 novel genes differentially expressed in CRPC. Thirty-one genes encode proteins that are either secreted or are located at the plasma membrane, 21 genes changed levels of expression in response to androgen, and 8 genes have enriched expression in the prostate. Expression of 26, 6, 12, and 15 genes have previously been linked to prostate cancer, Gleason grade, progression, and metastasis, respectively. Expression profiles of genes in CRPC support a role for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (CCNH, CUEDC2, FLNA, PSMA7), steroid synthesis and metabolism (DHCR24, DHRS7, ELOVL5, HSD17B4, OPRK1), neuroendocrine (ENO2, MAOA, OPRK1, S100A10, TRPM8), and proliferation (GAS5, GNB2L1, MT-ND3, NKX3-1, PCGEM1, PTGFR, STEAP1, TMEM30A), but neither supported nor discounted a role for cell survival genes. Conclusions The in vivo gene expression atlas for LNCaP was sequenced and support a role for the androgen receptor in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Romanuik
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Nagasaki S, Miki Y, Akahira JI, Suzuki T, Sasano H. 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human breast cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:25-32. [PMID: 19250189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen plays a pivotal role in development and progression of human breast carcinoma. Before menopause the main source of estrogen in women is circulating estrogen secreted from the ovary, but following menopause the source changes to the hormone that is converted from circulating adrenal androgens in peripheral tissues. Therefore, adrenal androgens have to be converted to estrogen to stimulate breast carcinoma cells. In these steps, several enzymes such as aromatase, steroid sulfatase, and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are involved in the production of estrogens. The reaction related to 17beta-HSDs activity is one of the last steps of estradiol biosynthesis, and 14 isozymes of 17beta-HSD have been identified at this juncture. The balance of the relative expression levels of 17beta-HSD isozymes in human breast carcinomas is thought to play a pivotal role in supply of estradiol to estrogen receptor positive carcinoma cells. Understanding the character of 17beta-HSD isozymes in human breast carcinoma thus provides important information on the mechanisms of biosynthesis of estradiol in breast carcinoma and for development of a therapeutic agent targeted for inhibition of local estradiol synthesis in breast carcinoma cells. In the present review we summarize the roles played by 17beta-HSDs in human breast carcinoma to obtain a better understanding of the properties of 17beta-HSDs in human breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nagasaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Sato R, Suzuki T, Katayose Y, Miura K, Shiiba K, Tateno H, Miki Y, Akahira J, Kamogawa Y, Nagasaki S, Yamamoto K, Ii T, Egawa S, Evans DB, Unno M, Sasano H. Steroid sulfatase and estrogen sulfotransferase in colon carcinoma: regulators of intratumoral estrogen concentrations and potent prognostic factors. Cancer Res 2009; 69:914-22. [PMID: 19141651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous epidemiologic and in vitro studies have indicated a potential involvement of estrogens in the pathogenesis of human colon carcinoma, but the precise roles of estrogens have remained largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we first measured intratumoral concentrations of estrogens in 53 colon carcinomas using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Tissue concentrations of total estrogen [estrone (E(1)) + estradiol] and E(1) were significantly (2.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively) higher in colon carcinoma tissues than in nonneoplastic colonic mucosa (n = 31), and higher intratumoral concentrations of total estrogen and E(1) were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome. Intratumoral concentration of total estrogen was significantly associated with the combined status of steroid sulfatase (STS) and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), but not with that of aromatase. Thus, we subsequently examined the STS/EST status in 328 colon carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivities for STS and EST were detected in 61% and 44% of the cases, respectively. The -/+ group of the STS/EST status was inversely associated with Dukes' stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis and positively correlated with Ki-67 labeling index of the carcinomas. In addition, this -/+ group had significantly longer survival, and a multivariate analysis revealed the STS/EST status as an independent prognostic factor. Results from our present study showed that the STS/EST status of carcinoma tissue determined intratumoral estrogen levels and could be a significant prognostic factor in colon carcinoma, suggesting that estrogens are locally produced mainly through the sulfatase pathway and play important roles in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Lee SA, Belyaeva OV, Kedishvili NY. Biochemical characterization of human epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 178:182-7. [PMID: 18926804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA encoding a putative human enzyme named Epidermal Retinol Dehydrogenase 2 (RDH-E2) was found to be significantly elevated in psoriatic skin [Y. Matsuzaka, K. Okamoto, H. Tsuji, T. Mabuchi, A. Ozawa, G. Tamiya, H. Inoko, Identification of the hRDH-E2 gene, a novel member of the SDR family, and its increased expression in psoriatic lesion, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297 (2002) 1171-1180]. This finding led the authors to propose that RDH-E2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through its potential role in retinoic acid biosynthesis and stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation. However, enzymatic activity for RDH-E2 has never been demonstrated. RDH-E2 is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins, and is most closely related to the group of SDRs comprised of both NAD(+)- and NADP(+)-dependent enzymes with activities toward retinoid and steroid substrates. In this study, we began the characterization of RDH-E2 protein in order to determine whether it might play a role in retinoic acid biosynthesis. The results of this study show that, similarly to other SDR-type retinol dehydrogenases, RDH-E2 appears to be associated with the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, RDH-E2 expressed in Sf9 insect cells as a fusion to the C-terminal His(6)-tag and purified using Ni(2+)-affinity chromatography recognizes all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinaldehyde as substrates and exhibits a strong preference for NAD(+)/NADH as cofactors. Specific activity of RDH-E2 toward all-trans-retinoids is much lower than that of other retinoid-active SDRs, such as human RoDH4 or RDH10. The preference for NAD(+) suggests that RDH-E2 is likely to function in the oxidative direction in vivo, further supporting its potential role in the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for retinoic acid biosynthesis in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 440B Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Keller B, Adamski J. RDH12, a retinol dehydrogenase causing Leber's congenital amaurosis, is also involved in steroid metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 104:190-4. [PMID: 17512723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) were tested for steroid converting abilities: human and murine RDH 12 and human RDH13. RDH12 is involved in retinal degeneration in Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA). We show that murine Rdh12 and human RDH13 do not reveal activity towards the checked steroids, but that human type 12 RDH reduces dihydrotestosterone to androstanediol, and is thus also involved in steroid metabolism. Furthermore, we analyzed both expression and subcellular localization of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Keller
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Lukacik P, Keller B, Bunkoczi G, Kavanagh K, Hwa Lee W, Adamski J, Oppermann U. Structural and biochemical characterization of human orphan DHRS10 reveals a novel cytosolic enzyme with steroid dehydrogenase activity. Biochem J 2007; 402:419-27. [PMID: 17067289 PMCID: PMC1863559 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To this day, a significant proportion of the human genome remains devoid of functional characterization. In this study, we present evidence that the previously functionally uncharacterized product of the human DHRS10 gene is endowed with 17beta-HSD (17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) activity. 17beta-HSD enzymes are primarily involved in the metabolism of steroids at the C-17 position and also of other substrates such as fatty acids, prostaglandins and xenobiotics. In vitro, DHRS10 converts NAD+ into NADH in the presence of oestradiol, testosterone and 5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol. Furthermore, the product of oestradiol oxidation, oestrone, was identified in intact cells transfected with a construct plasmid encoding the DHRS10 protein. In situ fluorescence hybridization studies have revealed the cytoplasmic localization of DHRS10. Along with tissue expression data, this suggests a role for DHRS10 in the local inactivation of steroids in the central nervous system and placenta. The crystal structure of the DHRS10 apoenzyme exhibits secondary structure of the SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) family: a Rossmann-fold with variable loops surrounding the active site. It also reveals a broad and deep active site cleft into which NAD+ and oestradiol can be docked in a catalytically competent orientation.
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Key Words
- crystal structure
- dhrs10
- 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- pre-receptor control
- short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- steroid metabolism
- dhea, dehydroepiandrosterone
- er, oestrogen receptor
- gfp, green fluorescent protein
- hek-293t cells, hek-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) expressing the large t-antigen of sv40 (simian virus 40)
- hsd, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- mdr, medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- ncs, non-crystallographic symmetry
- rmsd, root mean square deviation
- sdr, short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- tcep, tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lukacik
- *Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
| | - Brigitte Keller
- †GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabor Bunkoczi
- *Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Kathryn Kavanagh
- *Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Wen Hwa Lee
- *Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- †GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Udo Oppermann
- *Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
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Jansson AK, Gunnarsson C, Cohen M, Sivik T, Stål O. 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 14 Affects Estradiol Levels in Breast Cancer Cells and Is a Prognostic Marker in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11471-7. [PMID: 17145895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have an important role in the progression of breast cancer. The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) family has been identified to be of significance in hormone-dependent tissues. 17HSD1 and 17HSD2 are the main 17HSD enzymes involved in breast cancer investigated this far, but it is possible that other hormone-regulating enzymes have a similar role. 17HSD5 and 17HSD12 are associated with sex steroid metabolism, and 17HSD14 is a newly discovered enzyme that may be involved in the estrogen balance. The mRNA expression of 17HSD5, 17HSD12, and 17HSD14 were analyzed in 131 breast cancer specimens by semiquantitative real-time PCR. The results were compared with recurrence-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival of the patients. The breast cancer cell lines MCF7, SKBR3, and ZR75-1 were transiently transfected with 17HSD14 to investigate any possible effect on estradiol levels. We found that high 17HSD5 was related to significantly higher risk of late relapse in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients remaining recurrence-free later than 5 years after diagnosis (P = 0.02). No relation to 17HSD12 expression was found, indicating that 17HSD12 is of minor importance in breast cancer. Patients with ER-positive tumors with high expression levels of 17HSD14 showed a significantly better prognosis about recurrence-free survival (P = 0.008) as well as breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.01), confirmed by multivariate analysis (P = 0.04). Transfection of 17HSD14 in the human breast cancer cells MCF7 and SKBR3 significantly decreased the levels of estradiol, presenting an effect of high expression levels of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta K Jansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H) dependent oxidoreduction at C17 oxo/beta-hydroxyl groups of androgen and estrogen hormones. This reversible reaction constitutes an important pre-receptor control mechanism for nuclear receptor ligands, since the conversion "switches" between the 17beta-OH receptor ligands and their inactive 17-oxo metabolites. At present, 14 mammalian 17beta-HSDs are described, of which at least 11 exist within the human genome, encoded by different genes. The enzymes differ in their expression pattern, nucleotide cofactor preference, steroid substrate specificity and subcellular localization, and thus constitute a complex system ensuring cell-specific adaptation and regulation of sex steroid hormone levels. Broad and overlapping substrate specificities with enzymes involved in lipid metabolism suggest interactions of several 17beta-HSDs with other metabolic pathways. Several 17beta-HSDs enzymes constitute promising drug targets, of particular importance in cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration and possibly immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lukacik
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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29
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Moise AR, Kuksa V, Blaner WS, Baehr W, Palczewski K. Metabolism and transactivation activity of 13,14-dihydroretinoic acid. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:27815-25. [PMID: 15911617 PMCID: PMC1352314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503520200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of vitamin A is a highly regulated process that generates essential mediators involved in the development, cellular differentiation, immunity, and vision of vertebrates. Retinol saturase converts all-trans-retinol to all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol (Moise, A. R., Kuksa, V., Imanishi, Y., and Palczewski, K. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 50230-50242). Here we demonstrate that the enzymes involved in oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid and then to oxidized retinoic acid metabolites are also involved in the synthesis and oxidation of all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid. All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid can activate retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimers but not retinoid X receptor homodimers in reporter cell assays. All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid was detected in vivo in Lrat-/- mice supplemented with retinyl palmitate. Thus, all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid is a naturally occurring retinoid and a potential ligand for nuclear receptors. This new metabolite can also be an intermediate in a retinol degradation pathway or it can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of bioactive 13,14-dihydroretinoid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Biology, and
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and the
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology, and
- Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, the
- ¶¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Box 356485, Seattle, WA 98195-6485. Tel.: 206-543-9074; Fax: 206-221-6784; E-mail:
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Bailey MJ, Beremand PD, Hammer R, Reidel E, Thomas TL, Cassone VM. Transcriptional Profiling of Circadian Patterns of mRNA Expression in the Chick Retina. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:52247-54. [PMID: 15448147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405679200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous transcriptome analyses have identified candidate molecular components of the avian pineal clock, and herein we employ high density cDNA microarrays of pineal gland transcripts to determine oscillating transcripts in the chick retina under daily and constant darkness conditions. Subsequent comparative transcriptome analysis of the pineal and retinal oscillators distinguished several transcriptional similarities between the two as well as significant differences. Rhythmic retinal transcripts were classified according to functional categories including phototransductive elements, transcription/translation factors, carrier proteins, cell signaling molecules, and stress response genes. Candidate retinal clock transcripts were also organized relative to time of day mRNA abundance, revealing groups accumulating peak mRNA levels across the circadian day but primarily reaching peak values at subjective dawn or subjective dusk. Comparison of the chick retina transcriptome to the pineal transcriptome under constant conditions yields an interesting group of conserved genes. This group includes putative clock elements cry1 and per3 in addition to several previously unidentified and uninvestigated genes exhibiting profiles of mRNA abundance that varied markedly under daily and constant conditions. In contrast, many transcripts were differentially regulated, including those believed to be involved in both melatonin biosynthesis and circadian clock mechanisms. Our results indicate an intimate transcriptional relationship between the avian pineal and retina in addition to providing previously uncharacterized molecular elements that we hypothesize to be involved in circadian rhythm generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bailey
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, and Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
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Driessen C, Winkens H, Haeseleer F, Palczewski K, Janssen J. Novel targeting strategy for generating mouse models with defects in the retinoid cycle. Vision Res 2004; 43:3075-9. [PMID: 14611944 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to RDH5, other enzymes capable of oxidizing 11-cis-retinol are present within the retinal pigment epithelium, Müller cells and/or photoreceptors. Candidate proteins have meanwhile been identified. To study the physiological and pathological aspects of these enzymes, mice in which these genes are no longer functional are being generated. A fast-targeting strategy for the disruption of genes was developed. Generation of double and triple knockouts will aid in determining if these retinol dehydrogenases are responsible for the remaining 11-cis-retinol oxidation observed in RDH5 knockout animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Driessen
- Department of Biochemistry (160), University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hartmann TB, Thiel D, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Eichmüller S. SEREX identification of new tumour-associated antigens in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:252-8. [PMID: 14996095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of mainly CD4+ T cells, with primary manifestation in the skin. OBJECTIVES To detect new CTCL-associated antigens for immunological therapies and to define their specificity in terms of RNA expression and seroreactivity. METHODS A newly constructed CTCL cDNA phage library was screened and cross-reactivities against the detected clones were tested using 15 mycosis fungoides and six Sézary syndrome sera. The mRNA expression of the identified genes was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 22 tumour tissues, nine cell lines and up to 29 different types of normal tissue. RESULTS We identified nine different tumour antigens (HD-CL-01 to HD-CL-09) of which seven clones had high homology to genes with known functions. Several of these genes had previously been associated with cancer, namely inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphatase, vimentin, aldose reductase and elongation factor-1alpha. Variations in the deduced protein sequences were observed in three cases, mostly due to variations in protein length. The individual clones were recognized by up to 56% of patients' sera, while control sera were negative except in one case. Using RT-PCR, we found a frequent expression of these new tumour antigens in tumour specimens (26-100%). In contrast to humoral specificity, specific mRNA was also detected in selected normal tissues (29-89%). CONCLUSIONS SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning) identified multiple tumour-associated antigens in CTCL. The serological specificity and the high percentage of reactive sera of CTCL patients against several clones suggest these genes as potential targets for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Hartmann
- German Cancer Research Center, Skin Cancer Unit (D070), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Bailey MJ, Beremand PD, Hammer R, Bell-Pedersen D, Thomas TL, Cassone VM. Transcriptional profiling of the chick pineal gland, a photoreceptive circadian oscillator and pacemaker. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:2084-95. [PMID: 12881511 DOI: 10.1210/me.2003-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian pineal gland contains both circadian oscillators and photoreceptors to produce rhythms in biosynthesis of the hormone melatonin in vivo and in vitro. The molecular mechanisms for melatonin biosynthesis are largely understood, but the mechanisms driving the rhythm itself or the photoreceptive processes that entrain the rhythm are unknown. We have produced cDNA microarrays of pineal gland transcripts under light-dark and constant darkness conditions. Rhythmic transcripts were classified according to function, representing diverse functional groups, including phototransduction pathways, transcription/translation factors, ion channel proteins, cell signaling molecules, and immune function genes. These were also organized relative to time of day mRNA abundance in light-dark and constant darkness. The transcriptional profile of the chick pineal gland reveals a more complex form of gene regulation than one might expect from a gland whose sole apparent function is the rhythmic biosynthesis of melatonin. The mRNAs encoding melatonin biosynthesis are rhythmic as are many orthologs of mammalian "clock genes." However, the oscillation of phototransductive, immune, stress response, hormone binding, and other important processes in the transcriptome of the pineal gland, raises new questions regarding the role of the pineal gland in circadian rhythm generation, organization, and avian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bailey
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
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Steckelbroeck S, Watzka M, Reissinger A, Wegener-Toper P, Bidlingmaier F, Bliesener N, Hans VHJ, Clusmann H, Ludwig M, Siekmann L, Klingmüller D. Characterisation of estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) activity in the human brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 86:79-92. [PMID: 12943747 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a crucial role in multiple functions of the brain and the proper balance of inactive estrone and active estradiol-17beta might be very important for their cerebral effects. The interconversion of estrone and estradiol-17beta in target tissues is known to be catalysed by a number of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) isoforms. The present study shows that enzyme catalysed interconversion of estrone and estradiol-17beta occurs in the human temporal lobe. The oxidative cerebral pathway preferred estradiol-17beta to Delta(5)-androstenediol and testosterone, whereas the reductive pathway preferred dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to Delta(4)-androstenedione and estrone. An allosteric Hill kinetic for NAD-dependent oxidation of estradiol-17beta was observed, whereas a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic was shown for NADPH-dependent reduction of estrone. Investigations of the interconversion of estrogens in cerebral neocortex (CX) and subcortical white matter (SC) preparations of brain tissue from 12 women and 10 men revealed no sex-differences, but provide striking evidence for the presence of at least one oxidative membrane-associated 17beta-HSD and one cytosolic enzyme that catalyses both the reductive and the oxidative pathway. Membrane-associated oxidation of estradiol-17beta was shown to be significantly higher in CX than in SC (P<0.05), whereas the cytosolic enzyme activities were significantly higher in SC than in CX (P<0.0005). Finally, real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that besides 17beta-HSD types 4 and 5 also the isozymes type 7, 8, 10 and 11 show substantial expression in the human temporal lobe. The characteristics of the isozymes lead us to the conclusion that cytosolic 17beta-HSD type 5 is the best candidate for the observed cytosolic enzyme activities, whereas the data gave no clear answer to the question, which enzyme is responsible for the membrane-associated oxidation of estradiol-17beta. In conclusion, the study strongly suggests that different cell types and different isozymes are involved in the cerebral interconversion of estrogens, which might play a pivotal role in maintaining the functions of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Steckelbroeck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 130C John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA.
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35
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Chai Z, Brereton P, Suzuki T, Sasano H, Obeyesekere V, Escher G, Saffery R, Fuller P, Enriquez C, Krozowski Z. 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type XI localizes to human steroidogenic cells. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2084-91. [PMID: 12697717 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-221030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We searched expressed sequence tag databases with conserved domains of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily and identified another isoform of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 beta HSDXI. This enzyme converts 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol to androsterone. The substrate has been implicated in supporting gestation and modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activity. 17 beta HSDXI is colinear with human retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR2, a protein with no known biological activity (accession no. AAF06939). Of the proteins with known function, 17 beta HSDXI is most closely related to the retinol-metabolizing enzyme retSDR1, with which it has 30% identity. There is a polymorphic stretch of 15 adenosines in the 5' untranslated region of the cDNA sequence and a silent polymorphism at C719T. A 17 beta HSDXI construct with a stretch of 20 adenosines was found to produce significantly more enzyme activity than constructs containing 15 or less adenosines (43% vs. 26%, P < 0.005). The C719T polymorphism is present in 15% of genomic DNA samples. Northern blot analysis showed high levels of 17 beta HSDXI expression in the pancreas, kidney, liver, lung, adrenal, ovary, and heart. Immunohistochemical staining for 17 beta HSDXI is strong in steroidogenic cells such as syncytiotrophoblasts, sebaceous gland, Leydig cells, and granulosa cells of the dominant follicle and corpus luteum. In the adrenal 17 beta HSDXI, staining colocalized with the distribution of 17 alpha-hydroxylase but was stronger in the mid to outer cortex. 17 beta HSDXI was also found in the fetus and increased after birth. Liver parenchymal cells and epithelium of the endometrium and small intestine also stained. Regulation studies in mouse Y1 cells showed that cAMP down-regulates 17 beta HSDXI enzymatic activity (40% vs. 32%, P < 0.05) and reduces gene expression to undetectable levels. All-trans-retinoic acid did not affect 17 beta HSDXI expression or activity, but addition of the retinoid together with cAMP significantly decreased activity over cAMP alone (32% vs. 23%, P < 0.05). Cloning and sequencing of the 17 beta HSDXI promoter identified the potential nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 half-site TCCAAGGCCGG, and a cluster of three other potential steroidogenic factor-1 half-sites were found in the distal part of intron 1. Collectively, these results suggest a role for 17 beta HSDXI in androgen metabolism during steroidogenesis and a possible role in nonsteroidogenic tissues including paracrine modulation of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol levels. 17 beta HSDXI could act by metabolizing compounds that stimulate steroid synthesis and/or by generating metabolites that inhibit it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Chai
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
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36
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Haeseleer F, Jang GF, Imanishi Y, Driessen CAGG, Matsumura M, Nelson PS, Palczewski K. Dual-substrate specificity short chain retinol dehydrogenases from the vertebrate retina. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:45537-45546. [PMID: 12226107 PMCID: PMC1435693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208882200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are chromophores involved in vision, transcriptional regulation, and cellular differentiation. Members of the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily catalyze the transformation of retinol to retinal. Here, we describe the identification and properties of three enzymes from a novel subfamily of four retinol dehydrogenases (RDH11-14) that display dual-substrate specificity, uniquely metabolizing all-trans- and cis-retinols with C(15) pro-R specificity. RDH11-14 could be involved in the first step of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid production in many tissues. RDH11-14 fill the gap in our understanding of 11-cis-retinal and all-trans-retinal transformations in photoreceptor (RDH12) and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RDH11). The dual-substrate specificity of RDH11 explains the minor phenotype associated with mutations in 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5) causing fundus albipunctatus in humans and engineered mice lacking RDH5. Furthermore, photoreceptor RDH12 could be involved in the production of 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol during regeneration of the cone visual pigments. These newly identified enzymes add new elements to important retinoid metabolic pathways that have not been explained by previous genetic and biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Haeseleer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Geeng-Fu Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Yoshikazu Imanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Carola A G G Driessen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masazumi Matsumura
- The Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Peter S Nelson
- The Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Chen W, Song MS, Napoli JL. SDR-O: an orphan short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase localized at mouse chromosome 10/human chromosome 12. Gene 2002; 294:141-6. [PMID: 12234675 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report cloning a cDNA that encodes a novel short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, SDR-O, conserved in mouse, human and rat. Human and mouse liver express SDR-O (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase-orphan) mRNA intensely. The mouse embryo expresses SDR-O mRNA as early as day seven. Human SDR-O localizes on chromosome 12; mouse SDR-O localizes on chromosome 10 with CRAD1, CRAD2 and RDH4. SDR-O shares highest amino acid similarity with rat RoDH1 and mouse RDH1 (69-70%), but does not have the retinol and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of either, nor is it active as a 17beta- or 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases catalyse the metabolism of ligands that bind with nuclear receptors: the occurrence of 'orphan' nuclear receptors may imply existence of 'orphan' SDR, suggesting that SDR-O may catalyse the metabolism of another class of nuclear receptor ligand. Alternatively, SDR-O may not have a catalytic function, but may regulate metabolism by binding substrates/products and/or by serving as a regulatory factor.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Synteny
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, 119 Morgan Hall, MC#3104, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Huang XF, Luu-The V. Gene structure, chromosomal localization and analysis of 3-ketosteroid reductase activity of the human 3(alpha-->beta)-hydroxysteroid epimerase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1520:124-30. [PMID: 11513953 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous characterization of the first human 3(alpha-->beta)hydroxysteroid epimerase (hHSE), we determined the genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the hHSE gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in this study. The gene spans 23 kb and contains five exons and four introns. FISH mapping assigned this gene to chromosome band 12q13. Primer extension analysis allowed the identification of a single transcription start site at 179 bp upstream from the ATG start codon. The 5'-flanking sequence lacks a typical TATA box in the proximal region of the transcription start site. However, analysis of the 2 kb promoter region revealed the presence of multiple potential transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, we studied the 3-ketosteroid reductase activity demonstrated by hHSE in intact cells stably expressing the enzyme. It has been known that, in vitro, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) shows both oxidative and reductive activity. Our results showed that hHSE catalyzes the reduction of 3-ketosteroids to form 3beta-hydroxysteroids while 3beta-HSD cannot catalyze this reaction in intact cells. However, hHSE showed 3-keto reductase activity in both microsomal fractions and intact cells. Since intact cells constitute a system which closely reflects in vivo intracellular conditions, we propose that hHSE might contribute to the cellular 3-ketosteroid reductase activity in the peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Huang
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Hospital Center (CHUL) and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, G1V 4G2, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada
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McBee JK, Palczewski K, Baehr W, Pepperberg DR. Confronting complexity: the interlink of phototransduction and retinoid metabolism in the vertebrate retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2001; 20:469-529. [PMID: 11390257 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(01)00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of light by rhodopsin or cone pigments in photoreceptors triggers photoisomerization of their universal chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, to all-trans-retinal. This photoreaction is the initial step in phototransduction that ultimately leads to the sensation of vision. Currently, a great deal of effort is directed toward elucidating mechanisms that return photoreceptors to the dark-adapted state, and processes that restore rhodopsin and counterbalance the bleaching of rhodopsin. Most notably, enzymatic isomerization of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal, called the visual cycle (or more properly the retinoid cycle), is required for regeneration of these visual pigments. Regeneration begins in rods and cones when all-trans-retinal is reduced to all-trans-retinol. The process continues in adjacent retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), where a complex set of reactions converts all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinal. Although remarkable progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the phototransduction cascade, our understanding of the retinoid cycle remains rudimentary. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in our current understanding of the retinoid cycle at the molecular level, and to examine the relevance of these reactions to phototransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K McBee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Brereton P, Suzuki T, Sasano H, Li K, Duarte C, Obeyesekere V, Haeseleer F, Palczewski K, Smith I, Komesaroff P, Krozowski Z. Pan1b (17betaHSD11)-enzymatic activity and distribution in the lung. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 171:111-7. [PMID: 11165019 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new member of the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase group of enzymes. Human Pan1b displays greatest activity with 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alpha-Diol) as substrate, suggesting that it may be important in androgen metabolism. Enzymic activity was non-saturable with 3alpha-Diol but saturable with retinoids, although retinoids were not metabolized. Immunohistochemical studies on 10% formalin fixed and paraffin embedded sections of human tissues showed that Pan1b was present in acini and ciliated epithelia of the lung. In the fetus immuno reactivity was present in ciliated epithelia throughout gestation and staining appeared to be stronger in the second half of pregnancy. Pan1b was also expressed in the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, and in adrenocortical tumor cells. Although 3alpha-Diol is generally considered a degradation product of androgen metabolism it could have its own biological function. Pan1b may be an important modulator of the endocrine, or intracrine activity of this steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brereton
- Molecular Hypertension Laboratory, Baker Medical Research Institute, PO Box 6492, 8008, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSD) are pivotal in controlling the biological potency of steroid hormones by catalyzing oxidation or reduction at position 17. Several 17beta-HSDs may as well metabolize further substrates including alcohols, bile acids, fatty acids and retinols. This review summarizes recent progress in the field of 17beta-HSD research provides an update of nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamski
- GSF-National Research Center for Health and Environment, Institute for Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Molecular Endocrinology and Proteomics Group, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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