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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Rosa P, Scibetta S, Pepe G, Mangino G, Capocci L, Moons SJ, Boltje TJ, Fazi F, Petrozza V, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Calogero A. Polysialic Acid Sustains the Hypoxia-Induced Migration and Undifferentiated State of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179563. [PMID: 36076963 PMCID: PMC9455737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM, CNS WHO grade 4) is the most aggressive form of glioma and is characterized by extensive hypoxic areas that strongly correlate with tumor malignancy. Hypoxia promotes several processes, including stemness, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and radio- and chemoresistance, that have direct impacts on treatment failure. Thus, there is still an increasing need to identify novel targets to limit GBM relapse. Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate composed of a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acids, primarily attached to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM). It is considered an oncodevelopmental antigen that is re-expressed in various tumors. High levels of PSA-NCAM are associated with high-grade and poorly differentiated tumors. Here, we investigated the effect of PSA inhibition in GBM cells under low oxygen concentrations. Our main results highlight the way in which hypoxia stimulates polysialylation in U87-MG cells and in a GBM primary culture. By lowering PSA levels with the sialic acid analog, F-NANA, we also inhibited GBM cell migration and interfered with their differentiation influenced by the hypoxic microenvironment. Our findings suggest that PSA may represent a possible molecular target for the development of alternative pharmacological strategies to manage a devastating tumor like GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Scibetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Capocci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sam J. Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
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3
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Glycoconjugate journal special issue on: the glycobiology of Parkinson's disease. Glycoconj J 2021; 39:55-74. [PMID: 34757539 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 10 million aging people worldwide. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta region of the substantia nigra (SNpc) and by aggregation of proteins, commonly α-synuclein (SNCA). The formation of Lewy bodies that encapsulate aggregated proteins in lipid vesicles is a hallmark of PD. Glycosylation of proteins and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis. SNCA has many posttranslational modifications and interacts with components of membranes that affect aggregation. The large membrane lipid dolichol accumulates in the brain upon age and has a significant effect on membrane structure. The replacement of dopamine and dopaminergic neurons are at the forefront of therapeutic development. This review examines the role of membrane lipids, glycolipids, glycoproteins and dopamine in the aggregation of SNCA and development of PD. We discuss the SNCA-dopamine-neuromelanin-dolichol axis and the role of membranes in neuronal stem cells that could be a regenerative therapy for PD patients.
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Lünemann JD, von Gunten S, Neumann H. Targeting sialylation to treat central nervous system diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:998-1008. [PMID: 34607695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (SIGLECs) are membrane receptors that are preferentially expressed on immune cells and recognize sialylated proteins, lipids, and RNA. Sialic acids and signaling through SIGLECs are increasingly recognized for their essential roles in immune system homeostasis as well as nervous system development, plasticity, and repair. Dysregulated sialylation and SIGLEC dysfunctions contribute to several chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in which current therapeutic options are very limited. While only a few therapies targeting SIGLECs are currently being tested in clinical trials, the area emerged as one of the most dynamic and active fields in glycobiology and drug development. This review highlights recent insights into sialic acid and SIGLEC function in CNS pathologies and illustrates opportunities and challenges for the development of sialic acid-based and SIGLEC-targeted therapies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Zhang X, Dou P, Akhtar ML, Liu F, Hu X, Yang L, Yang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Qiao S, Li K, Tang R, Zhan C, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Bai Y, Han F, Nie H, Li Y. NEU4 inhibits motility of HCC cells by cleaving sialic acids on CD44. Oncogene 2021; 40:5427-5440. [PMID: 34282273 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely metastatic tumor. Sialic acids (SAs) are associated with cancer development and metastasis. NEU4 is a sialidase that removes SAs from glycoconjugates, while the function of the NEU4 in HCC has not been clearly explored. In our research, we found the NEU4 expression was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues, which was correlated with high grades and poor outcomes of HCC. The NEU4 expression could be regulated by histone acetylation. In the functional analysis of NEU4, the cell motility was inhibited when NEU4 was overexpressed, and restored when NEU4 expression was down-regulated. Similarly, NEU4 over-expressed HCC cells showed less metastasis in athymic nude mice. Further study revealed that NEU4 could inhibit cell migration by enzymatic decomposition of SAs. Our results verified a NEU4 active site (NEU4E235) and overexpressing inactivates NEU4E235A that weakens the inhibition ability to cell migration. Further, 70 kinds of specific interacting proteins of NEU4 including CD44 were identified through mass spectrum. Moreover, the α2,3-linked SAs on CD44 were decreased and the hyaluronic acid (HA) binding ability was increased when NEU4 over-expressed or activated. Additionally, the mutation of CD44 with six N-glycosylation sites showed less sensibility to NEU4 on cell migration compared with wild-type CD44. In summary, our results revealed the mechanism of low expression of NEU4 in HCC and its inhibitory effect on cell migration by removal of SAs on CD44, which may provide new treatment strategies to control the motility and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Peng Dou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Muhammad Luqman Akhtar
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Xibo Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Lijun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Depeng Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Yiqun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Shupei Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Ran Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Chao Zhan
- The third affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150006
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Qixiang Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Fang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, China, 150008.
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Comparing Two Different Modes of Task Practice during Lower Limb Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in People with Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6664058. [PMID: 33603778 PMCID: PMC7870299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is used for the rehabilitation of motor function after stroke. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of lower limb CIMT that uses number of repetition of tasks with the one that uses number of hours of practice. Method The study was a randomized clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Fifty-eight people with stroke participated in the study. Groups 1 and 2 performed daily 600 repetitions and 3 hours of task practice, respectively, 5 times weekly for 4 weeks. Motor impairment (primary outcome), balance, functional mobility, knee extensor spasticity, walking speed and endurance, and exertion before and after commencement of activities were assessed at baseline and postintervention. The data was analyzed using Friedmann and Mann-Whitney U tests. Result The results showed that there was only significant difference (p < 0.05) in knee extensor spasticity (group 1 (median = 0(0), mean rank = 27.50); group 2 (median = 0(0), mean rank = 31.64)), exertion before commencement of activities (group 1 (median = 0(0.5), mean rank = 21.90); group 2 (median = 1(0.5), mean rank = 37.64)), and exertion after commencement of activities (group 1 (median = 1(1), mean rank = 20.07); group 2 (median = 1(0), mean rank = 39.61) postintervention in favour of the experimental group (group 1)). Conclusion The group 1 protocol is more effective at improving outcomes after stroke.
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7
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Liquid-Phase and Ultrahigh-Frequency-Acoustofluidics-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biotin-Tagged 6′/3′-Sialyl-N-Acetylglucosamine by Sequential One-Pot Multienzyme System. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
6′/3′-Sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (6′/3′-SLN) is important for discrimination of the source (human or avian) of influenza virus strains. Biotinylated oligosaccharides have been widely used for analysis and quick detection. The development of efficient strategies to synthesize biotin-tagged 6′/3′-SLN have become necessary. Effective mixing is essential for enzymatic solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis (SPOS). In the current study, newly developed technology ultrahigh-frequency-acoustofluidics (UHFA), which can provide a powerful source for efficient microfluidic mixing, solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis and one-pot multienzyme (OPME) system, were used to develop a new strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis. Firstly, biotinylated N-acetylglucosamine was designed and chemically synthesized through traditional approaches. Secondly, biotinylated 6′- and 3′-sialyl-N-acetylglucosamines were prepared in solution through two sequential OPME modules in with a yield of ~95%. Thirdly, 6′-SLN was also prepared through UHFA-based enzymatic solid-phase synthesis on magnetic beads with a yield of 64.4%. The current strategy would be potentially used for synthesis of functional oligosaccharides.
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9
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Sialylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates of Human Milk. The Impact on Infant and Newborn Protection, Development and Well-Being. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020306. [PMID: 30717166 PMCID: PMC6413137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk not only has nutritional value, but also provides a wide range of biologically active molecules, which are adapted to meet the needs of newborns and infants. Mother’s milk is a source of sialylated oligosaccharides and glycans that are attached to proteins and lipids, whose concentrations and composition are unique. Sialylated human milk glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides enrich the newborn immature immune system and are crucial for their proper development and well-being. Some of the milk sialylated oligosaccharide structures can locally exert biologically active effects in the newborn’s and infant’s gut. Sialylated molecules of human milk can be recognized and bound by sialic acid-dependent pathogens and inhibit their adhesion to the epithelial cells of newborns and infants. A small amount of intact sialylated oligosaccharides can be absorbed from the intestine and remain in the newborn’s circulation in concentrations high enough to modulate the immunological system at the cellular level and facilitate proper brain development during infancy. Conclusion: The review summarizes the current state of knowledge on sialylated human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, discusses the significance of sialylated structures of human milk in newborn protection and development, and presents the advantages of human milk over infant formula.
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CD133+ cancer stem-like cells promote migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inducing vasculogenic mimicry formation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29051-62. [PMID: 27074560 PMCID: PMC5045377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have gained much attention due to their roles in the invasion and metastasis of numerous kinds of human cancers. Here, we showed that the positive expression of CD133, the stemness marker, was positively associated with vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, local regional recurrence, distant metastasis and poorer prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) specimens. Compared with CD133− ACC cells, CD133+ cancer stem-like cells had more migration and invasion capabilities, as well as more VM formation. The levels of endothelial cell marker VE-cadherin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in CD133+ cancer stem-like cells and xenograft tumors of nude mice injected with CD133+ cells were significantly higher than those with CD133− cells. The data indicated that CD133+ cancer stem-like cells might contribute to the migration and invasion of ACC through inducing VM formation.
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Choi JY, Park M, Cho H, Kim MH, Kang K, Choi IS. Neuro-Compatible Metabolic Glycan Labeling of Primary Hippocampal Neurons in Noncontact, Sandwich-Type Neuron-Astrocyte Coculture. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2607-2612. [PMID: 28953350 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are intimately involved in several facets of neuronal development and neuropathology. However, the metabolic labeling of surface glycans in primary neurons is a difficult task because of the neurotoxicity of unnatural monosaccharides that are used as a metabolic precursor, hindering the progress of metabolic engineering in neuron-related fields. Therefore, in this paper, we report a neurosupportive, neuron-astrocyte coculture system that neutralizes the neurotoxic effects of unnatural monosaccharides, allowing for the long-term observation and characterization of glycans in primary neurons in vitro. Polysialic acids in neurons are selectively imaged, via the metabolic labeling of sialoglycans with peracetylated N-azidoacetyl-d-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz), for up to 21 DIV. Two-color labeling shows that neuronal activities, such as neurite outgrowth and recycling of membrane components, are highly dynamic and change over time during development. In addition, the insertion sites of membrane components are suggested to not be random, but be predominantly localized in developing neurites. This work provides a new research platform and also suggests advanced 3D systems for metabolic-labeling studies of glycans in primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yu Choi
- Center
for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Matthew Park
- Center
for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Cho
- Center
for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Kim
- Center
for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Insung S. Choi
- Center
for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Berger RP, Dookwah M, Steet R, Dalton S. Glycosylation and stem cells: Regulatory roles and application of iPSCs in the study of glycosylation-related disorders. Bioessays 2016; 38:1255-1265. [PMID: 27667795 PMCID: PMC5214967 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation refers to the co- and post-translational modification of protein and lipids by monosaccharides or oligosaccharide chains. The surface of mammalian cells is decorated by a heterogeneous and highly complex array of protein and lipid linked glycan structures that vary significantly between different cell types, raising questions about their roles in development and disease pathogenesis. This review will begin by focusing on recent findings that define roles for cell surface protein and lipid glycosylation in pluripotent stem cells and their functional impact during normal development. Then, we will describe how patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells are being used to model human diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. Collectively, these studies indicate that cell surface glycans perform critical roles in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Berger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Dookwah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Saini V, Lutz D, Kataria H, Kaur G, Schachner M, Loers G. The polysialic acid mimetics 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine facilitate nervous system repair. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26927. [PMID: 27324620 PMCID: PMC4914991 DOI: 10.1038/srep26927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large negatively charged glycan mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Several studies have shown that it is important for correct formation of brain circuitries during development and for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory in the adult. PSA also plays a major role in nervous system regeneration following injury. As a next step for clinical translation of PSA based therapeutics, we have previously identified the small organic compounds 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine as PSA mimetics. Activity of 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine had been confirmed in assays with neural cells from the central and peripheral nervous system in vitro and shown to be independent of their function as serotonin receptor 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug, respectively. As we show here in an in vivo paradigm for spinal cord injury in mice, 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine enhance regain of motor functions, axonal regrowth, motor neuron survival and remyelination. These data indicate that 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine may be re-tasked from their current usage as a 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug to act as mimetics for PSA to stimulate regeneration after injury in the mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neurosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Freire-de-Lima L, Fonseca LM, Oeltmann T, Mendonça-Previato L, Previato JO. The trans-sialidase, the major Trypanosoma cruzi virulence factor: Three decades of studies. Glycobiology 2015. [PMID: 26224786 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Since the description of Chagas'disease in 1909 extensive research has identified important events in the disease in order to understand the biochemical mechanism that modulates T. cruzi-host cell interactions and the ability of the parasite to ensure its survival in the infected host. Exactly 30 years ago, we presented evidence for the first time of a trans-sialidase activity in T. cruzi (T. cruzi-TS). This enzyme transfers sialic acid from the host glycoconjugates to the terminal β-galactopyranosyl residues of mucin-like molecules on the parasite's cell surface. Thenceforth, many articles have provided convincing data showing that T. cruzi-TS is able to govern relevant mechanisms involved in the parasite's survival in the mammalian host, such as invasion, escape from the phagolysosomal vacuole, differentiation, down-modulation of host immune responses, among others. The aim of this review is to cover the history of the discovery of T. cruzi-TS, as well as some well-documented biological effects encompassed by this parasite's virulence factor, an enzyme with potential attributes to become a drug target against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L M Fonseca
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - T Oeltmann
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - L Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J O Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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Effects of polysialic acid on sensory innervation of the cornea. Dev Biol 2014; 398:193-205. [PMID: 25478909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory trigeminal growth cones innervate the cornea in a coordinated fashion during embryonic development. Polysialic acid (polySia) is known for its important roles during nerve development and regeneration. The purpose of this work is to determine whether polySia, present in developing eyefronts and on the surface of sensory nerves, may provide guidance cues to nerves during corneal innervation. Expression and localization of polySia in embryonic day (E)5-14 chick eyefronts and E9 trigeminal ganglia were identified using Western blotting and immunostaining. Effects of polySia removal on trigeminal nerve growth behavior were determined in vivo, using exogenous endoneuraminidase (endoN) treatments to remove polySia substrates during chick cornea development, and in vitro, using neuronal explant cultures. PolySia substrates, made by the physical adsorption of colominic acid to a surface coated with poly-d-lysine (PDL), were used as a model to investigate functions of the polySia expressed in axonal environments. PolySia was localized within developing eyefronts and on trigeminal sensory nerves. Distributions of PolySia in corneas and pericorneal regions are developmentally regulated. PolySia removal caused defasciculation of the limbal nerve trunk in vivo from E7 to E10. Removal of polySia on trigeminal neurites inhibited neurite outgrowth and caused axon defasciculation, but did not affect Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) expression or Schwann cell migration in vitro. PolySia substrates in vitro inhibited outgrowth of trigeminal neurites and promoted their fasciculation. In conclusion, polySia is localized on corneal nerves and in their targeting environment during early developing stages of chick embryos. PolySias promote fasciculation of trigeminal axons in vivo and in vitro, whereas, in contrast, their removal promotes defasciculation.
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16
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Homan CC, Kumar R, Nguyen LS, Haan E, Raymond FL, Abidi F, Raynaud M, Schwartz CE, Wood SA, Gecz J, Jolly LA. Mutations in USP9X are associated with X-linked intellectual disability and disrupt neuronal cell migration and growth. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:470-8. [PMID: 24607389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With a wealth of disease-associated DNA variants being recently reported, the challenges of providing their functional characterization are mounting. Previously, as part of a large systematic resequencing of the X chromosome in 208 unrelated families with nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability, we identified three unique variants (two missense and one protein truncating) in USP9X. To assess the functional significance of these variants, we took advantage of the Usp9x knockout mouse we generated. Loss of Usp9x causes reduction in both axonal growth and neuronal cell migration. Although overexpression of wild-type human USP9X rescued these defects, all three USP9X variants failed to rescue axonal growth, caused reduced USP9X protein localization in axonal growth cones, and (in 2/3 variants) failed to rescue neuronal cell migration. Interestingly, in one of these families, the proband was subsequently identified to have a microdeletion encompassing ARID1B, a known ID gene. Given our findings it is plausible that loss of function of both genes contributes to the individual's phenotype. This case highlights the complexity of the interpretations of genetic findings from genome-wide investigations. We also performed proteomics analysis of neurons from both the wild-type and Usp9x knockout embryos and identified disruption of the cytoskeleton as the main underlying consequence of the loss of Usp9x. Detailed clinical assessment of all three families with USP9X variants identified hypotonia and behavioral and morphological defects as common features in addition to ID. Together our data support involvement of all three USP9X variants in ID in these families and provide likely cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Homan
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Raman Kumar
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lam Son Nguyen
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fatima Abidi
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetics Centre, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Martine Raynaud
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Génétique, Tours 37000, France; Inserm U930, UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Tours 37000, France
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetics Centre, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Lachlan A Jolly
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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17
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Tegaserod mimics the neurostimulatory glycan polysialic acid and promotes nervous system repair. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:456-66. [PMID: 24067923 PMCID: PMC4618794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycans attached to the cell surface via proteins or lipids or exposed in the extracellular matrix affect many cellular processes, including neuritogenesis, cell survival and migration, as well as synaptic activity and plasticity. These functions make glycans attractive molecules for stimulating repair of the injured nervous system. Yet, glycans are often difficult to synthesize or isolate and have the disadvantage to be unstable in a complex tissue environment. To circumvent these issues, we have screened a library of small organic compounds to search for structural and functional mimetics of the neurostimulatory glycan polysialic acid (PSA) and identified the 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod as a PSA mimetic. The PSA mimicking activity of tegaserod was shown in cultures of central and peripheral nervous system cells of the mouse and found to be independent of its described function as a serotonin (5-HT4) receptor agonist. In an in vivo model for peripheral nerve regeneration, mice receiving tegaserod at the site of injury showed enhanced recovery compared to control mice receiving vehicle control as evidenced by functional measurements and histology. These data indicate that tegaserod could be repurposed for treatment of nervous system injuries and underscores the potential of using small molecules as mimetics of neurostimulatory glycans.
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Nairn AV, Aoki K, dela Rosa M, Porterfield M, Lim JM, Kulik M, Pierce JM, Wells L, Dalton S, Tiemeyer M, Moremen KW. Regulation of glycan structures in murine embryonic stem cells: combined transcript profiling of glycan-related genes and glycan structural analysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37835-56. [PMID: 22988249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.405233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and structural diversity of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids are highly regulated and play important roles during vertebrate development. Because of the challenges associated with studying glycan regulation in vertebrate embryos, we have chosen to study mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as they differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs) or into extraembryonic endodermal (ExE) cells as a model for cellular differentiation. We profiled N- and O-glycan structures isolated from these cell populations and examined transcripts encoding the corresponding enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis in an effort to probe the mechanisms that drive the regulation of glycan diversity. During differentiation from mouse ES cells to either EBs or ExE cells, general trends were detected. The predominance of high mannose N-glycans in ES cells shifted to an equal abundance of complex and high mannose structures, increased sialylation, and increased α-Gal termination in the differentiated cell populations. Whereas core 1 O-glycan structures predominated in all three cell populations, increased sialylation and increased core diversity characterized the O-glycans of both differentiated cell types. Increased polysialylation was also found in both differentiated cell types. Differences between the two differentiated cell types included greater sialylation of N-glycans in EBs, whereas α-Gal-capped structures were more prevalent in ExE cells. Changes in glycan structures generally, but not uniformly, correlated with alterations in transcript abundance for the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that transcriptional regulation contributes significantly to the regulation of glycan expression. Knowledge of glycan structural diversity and transcript regulation should provide greater understanding of the roles of protein glycosylation in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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