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De Laurentiis A, Correa F, Fernández-Solari J. Endocannabinoid system in the neuroendocrine response to LPS-induced immune challenge. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac120. [PMID: 36042978 PMCID: PMC9419496 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the intersection of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system, regulating not only their functions but also how they interplay with each other. Endogenous ligands, named endocannabinoids, are produced “on demand” to finely regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, as well as to regulate the production of cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators.
It is well known that immune challenges, such as exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall, disrupts not only the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis but also affects other endocrine systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. Here we explore which actors and molecular mechanisms are involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Laurentiis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA/CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - Fernando Correa
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA/CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - Javier Fernández-Solari
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
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2
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Wsol A, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Żera T. Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11465. [PMID: 34768894 PMCID: PMC8584236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurons secreting oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) are located mainly in the supraoptic, paraventricular, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. Oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic projections reach several regions of the brain and the spinal cord. Both peptides are released from axons, soma, and dendrites and modulate the excitability of other neuroregulatory pathways. The synthesis and action of OXY and AVP in the peripheral organs (eye, heart, gastrointestinal system) is being investigated. The secretion of OXY and AVP is influenced by changes in body fluid osmolality, blood volume, blood pressure, hypoxia, and stress. Vasopressin interacts with three subtypes of receptors: V1aR, V1bR, and V2R whereas oxytocin activates its own OXTR and V1aR receptors. AVP and OXY receptors are present in several regions of the brain (cortex, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum) and in the peripheral organs (heart, lungs, carotid bodies, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, uterus, thymus). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and coexisting factors, such as pain and stress, have a significant impact on the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and on the expression of their receptors. The inappropriate regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during ischemia, hypoxia/hypercapnia, inflammation, pain, and stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.C.-J.); (T.Ż.)
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Abstract
Some of the earliest reports of the effects of cannabis consumption on humans were related to endocrine system changes. In this review, the effects of cannabinoids and the role of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the regulation of the following endocrine systems are discussed: the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, prolactin and oxytocin, thyroid hormone and growth hormone, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Preclinical and human study results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia J Hillard
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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4
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Ruginsk SG, Vechiato FMV, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. The endocannabinoid system and the neuroendocrine control of hydromineral balance. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:370-6. [PMID: 24750469 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECBs) are ubiquitous lipophilic agents, and this characteristic is consistent with the wide range of homeostatic functions attributed to the ECB system. There is an increasing number of studies showing that the ECB system affects neurotransmission within the hypothalamic neurohypophyseal system. We provide an overview of the primary roles of ECBs in the modulation of neuroendocrine function and, specifically, in the control of hydromineral homeostasis. Accordingly, the general aspects of ECB-mediated signalling, as well as the specific contributions of the central component of the ECB system to the integration of behavioural and endocrine responses that control body fluid homeostasis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ruginsk
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Glial control of endocannabinoid heterosynaptic modulation in hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine cells. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18331-42. [PMID: 24227742 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2971-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors are functionally operant at both glutamate and GABA synapses on hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine cells; however, retrograde endocannabinoid actions are evoked at only glutamate synapses. We tested whether the functional targeting of evoked retrograde endocannabinoid actions to glutamate, and not GABA, synapses on magnocellular neurons is the result of the spatial restriction of extracellular endocannabinoids by astrocytes. Whole-cell GABA synaptic currents were recorded in magnocellular neurons in rat hypothalamic slices following manipulations to reduce glial buffering of extracellular signals. Depolarization- and glucocorticoid-evoked retrograde endocannabinoid suppression of synaptic GABA release was not detected under normal conditions, but occurred in both oxytocin and vasopressin neurons under conditions of attenuated glial coverage and depressed glial metabolic function, suggesting an emergent endocannabinoid modulation of GABA synapses with the loss of astrocyte function. Tonic endocannabinoid suppression of GABA release was insensitive to glial manipulation. Blocking cannabinoid transport mimicked, and increasing the extracellular viscosity reversed, the effect of suppressed glial buffering on the endocannabinoid modulation of GABA release. Evoked, but not tonic, endocannabinoid modulation of GABA synapses was mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Therefore, depolarization- and glucocorticoid-evoked 2-arachidonoylglycerol release from magnocellular neurons is spatially restricted to glutamate synapses by astrocytes, but spills over onto GABA synapses under conditions of reduced astrocyte buffering; tonic endocannabinoid modulation of GABA release, in contrast, is likely mediated by anandamide and is insensitive to astrocytic buffering. Astrocytes, therefore, provide dynamic control of stimulus-evoked 2-arachidonoylglycerol, but not tonic anandamide, regulation of GABA synaptic inputs to magnocellular neuroendocrine cells under different physiological conditions.
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Luce V, Fernandez Solari J, Rettori V, De Laurentiis A. The inhibitory effect of anandamide on oxytocin and vasopressin secretion from neurohypophysis is mediated by nitric oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 188:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Vilela FC, Ruginsk SG, de Melo CM, Giusti-Paiva A. The CB1 cannabinoid receptor mediates glucocorticoid-induced effects on behavioural and neuronal responses during lactation. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1197-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Russo R, D'Agostino G, Mattace Raso G, Avagliano C, Cristiano C, Meli R, Calignano A. Central administration of oxytocin reduces hyperalgesia in mice: implication for cannabinoid and opioid systems. Peptides 2012; 38:81-8. [PMID: 22917880 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) contributes to the regulation of diverse cognitive and physiological functions including nociception. Indeed, OXT has been reported to be analgesic when administered directly into the brain, the spinal cord, or systemically. Although many authors have reported the analgesic effects of OXT, its mechanism has not been well elucidated. Recently, it has been also hypothesize that OXT, increasing intracellular concentration of calcium, could regulate the production of mediators, like endocannabinoids (eCB). It has been well documented that eCB are able to suppress pain pathways. The present study investigates the effect of OXT in paw carrageenan-induced pain. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of OXT, but neither intraperitoneal nor intraplantar route, induces an antihyperalgesic effect increasing paw withdrawal latency to mechanical or thermal stimuli. Our results clearly demonstrate that 3 and 6h following carrageenan challenge, central administration of OXT (30 ng/mouse) shows a significant antihyperalgesic activity. Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrate that CB1 receptor plays a key role in the antihyperalgesic effect of OXT. In fact our results show CB1 antagonist, but not the specific CB2 antagonist reduce OXT-induced antihyperalgesic effect. In addition, our data show that central OXT administration is able to reduce carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia but does not modify carrageenan-induced paw edema. Finally, using opioid antagonists we confirm an important role of opioid receptors. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that central administration of OXT reduces hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, and this effect may work via cannabinoid and opioid systems.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Carrageenan/adverse effects
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Oxytocin/administration & dosage
- Oxytocin/pharmacology
- Pain/chemically induced
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ruginsk SG, Uchoa ET, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor mediates glucocorticoid effects on hormone secretion induced by volume and osmotic changes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:151-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SG Ruginsk
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - ET Uchoa
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - LLK Elias
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto; Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - J Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto; University of Sao Paulo; Ribeirao Preto; Sao Paulo; Brazil
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Ninan I. Oxytocin suppresses basal glutamatergic transmission but facilitates activity-dependent synaptic potentiation in the medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurochem 2011; 119:324-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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CB1 modulation of hormone secretion, neuronal activation and mRNA expression following extracellular volume expansion. Exp Neurol 2010; 224:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Sciolino NR, Bortolato M, Eisenstein SA, Fu J, Oveisi F, Hohmann AG, Piomelli D. Social isolation and chronic handling alter endocannabinoid signaling and behavioral reactivity to context in adult rats. Neuroscience 2010; 168:371-86. [PMID: 20394803 PMCID: PMC2882942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Social deprivation in early life disrupts emotionality and attentional processes in humans. Rearing rats in isolation reproduces some of these abnormalities, which are attenuated by daily handling. However, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that post-weaning social isolation alters the endocannabinoid system, a neuromodulatory system that controls emotional responding. We characterized behavioral consequences of social isolation and evaluated whether handling would reverse social isolation-induced alterations in behavioral reactivity to context and the endocannabinoid system. At weaning, pups were single or group housed and concomitantly handled or not handled daily until adulthood. Rats were tested in emotionality- and attentional-sensitive behavioral assays (open field, elevated plus maze, startle and prepulse inhibition). Cannabinoid receptor densities and endocannabinoid levels were quantified in a separate group of rats. Social isolation negatively altered behavioral responding. Socially-isolated rats that were handled showed less deficits in the open field, elevated plus maze, and prepulse inhibition tests. Social isolation produced site-specific alterations (supraoptic nucleus, ventrolateral thalamus, rostral striatum) in cannabinoid receptor densities compared to group rearing. Handling altered the endocannabinoid system in neural circuitry controlling emotional expression. Handling altered endocannabinoid content (prefrontal and piriform cortices, nucleus accumbens) and cannabinoid receptor densities (lateral globus pallidus, cingulate and piriform cortices, hippocampus) in a region-specific manner. Some effects of social isolation on the endocannabinoid system were moderated by handling. Isolates were unresponsive to handling-induced increases in cannabinoid receptor densities (caudal striatum, anterior thalamus), but were sensitive to handling-induced changes in endocannabinoid content (piriform, prefrontal cortices), compared to group-reared rats. Our findings suggest alterations in the endocannabinoid system may contribute to the abnormal isolate phenotype. Handling modifies the endocannabinoid system and behavioral reactivity to context, but surmounts only some effects of social isolation. These data implicate a pivotal role for the endocannabinoid system in stress adaptation and emotionality-related disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale R. Sciolino
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30622 USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sarah A. Eisenstein
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30622 USA
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fariba Oveisi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30622 USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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TRPV1 gene deficiency attenuates miniature EPSC potentiation induced by mannitol and angiotensin II in supraoptic magnocellular neurons. J Neurosci 2010; 30:876-84. [PMID: 20089896 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2986-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) is crucial for body fluid homeostasis. The MNC activity is modulated by synaptic inputs and humoral factors. A recent study demonstrated that an N-terminal splice variant of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is essential for osmosensory transduction in the SON. In the present study, we examined the effects of mannitol and angiotensin II on miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) in the supraoptic MNCs using whole-cell patch-clamp recording in in vitro slice preparation. Mannitol (60 mm) and angiotensin II (0.1 microm) increased the frequency of mEPSCs without affecting the amplitude. These effects were attenuated by pre-exposure to a nonspecific TRPV channel blocker, ruthenium red (10 microm) and enhanced by pre-exposure to cannabinoid type1 receptor antagonist, AM251 (2 microm). Mannitol-induced potentiation of mEPSCs was not attenuated by angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan (10 microm), indicating independent pathways of mannitol and angiotensin II to the TRPV channels. The potentiation of mEPSCs by mannitol was not mimicked by a TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, and also not attenuated by TRPV1 blockers, capsazepine (10 microm). PKC was involved in angiotensin II-induced potentiation of mEPSCs. The effects of mannitol and angiotensin II on the supraoptic MNCs in trpv1 knock-out mice were significantly attenuated compared with those in wild-type mice counterparts. The results suggest that hyperosmotic stimulation and angiotensin II independently modulate mEPSCs through capsaicin-insensitive TRPV1 channel in the presynaptic terminals of the SON.
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Parallel regulation of a modulator-activated current via distinct dynamics underlies comodulation of motor circuit output. J Neurosci 2009; 29:12355-67. [PMID: 19793994 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3079-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms underlying comodulation of neuronal networks are not elucidated in most systems. We are addressing this issue by determining the mechanism by which a peptide hormone, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), modulates the biphasic (protraction/retraction) gastric mill (chewing) rhythm driven by the projection neuron MCN1 in the crab stomatogastric ganglion. MCN1 activates this rhythm by slow peptidergic (CabTRP Ia) and fast GABAergic excitation of the reciprocally inhibitory central pattern generator neurons LG (protraction) and Int1 (retraction), respectively. MCN1 synaptic transmission is limited to the retraction phase, because LG inhibits MCN1 during protraction. Bath-applied CCAP also excites both LG and Int1, but selectively prolongs protraction. Here, we use computational modeling and dynamic-clamp manipulations to establish that CCAP prolongs the gastric mill protractor (LG) phase and maintains the retractor (Int1) phase duration by activating the same modulator-activated inward current (I(MI)) in LG as MCN1-released CabTRP Ia. However, the CCAP-activated current (I(MI-CCAP)) and MCN1-activated current (I(MI-MCN1)) exhibit distinct time courses in LG during protraction. This distinction results from I(MI-CCAP) being regulated only by postsynaptic voltage, whereas I(MI-MCN1) is also regulated by LG presynaptic inhibition of MCN1. Hence, without CCAP, retraction and protraction duration are determined by the time course of I(MI-MCN1) buildup and feedback inhibition-mediated decay, respectively, in LG. With I(MI-CCAP) continually present, the impact of the feedback inhibition is reduced, prolonging protraction and maintaining retraction duration. Thus, comodulation of rhythmic motor activity can result from convergent activation, via distinct dynamics, of a single voltage-dependent current.
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