1
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Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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2
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Neha, Parvez S. Emerging therapeutics agents and recent advances in drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101815. [PMID: 36529440 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multivariate and diversified disease and affects the most sensitive areas of the brain, the cerebral cortex, and the hippocampus. AD is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognition that get more worsen over time. The central theory on the pathophysiological hallmark features of AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, also associated with tau proteins (τ) dysfunctioning which leads to distorted microtubular structure, affects the cholinergic system, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This review emphasizes how simple it is to find novel treatments for AD and focuses on several recently developed medications through repurposing that can speed up traditional drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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3
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Reis IMA, Cassiano DSA, Conceição RS, Freitas HFD, Pita SSDR, David JM, Branco A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ocotea pomaderroides extracts: HPLC-MS/MS characterization and molecular modeling studies. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:999-1003. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M. A. Reis
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dayse S. A. Cassiano
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Conceição
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Humberto F. de Freitas
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory (LaBiMM), Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Post Graduation program on Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel S. da R. Pita
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory (LaBiMM), Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jorge M. David
- Post Graduation program on Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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4
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Zerroug E, Belaidi S, Chtita S. Artificial neural
network‐based
quantitative structure–activity relationships model and molecular docking for virtual screening of novel potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enfale Zerroug
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Biskra Biskra Algeria
| | - Salah Belaidi
- Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Biskra Biskra Algeria
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca Casablanca Morocco
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5
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Computational studies on cholinesterases: Strengthening our understanding of the integration of structure, dynamics and function. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Ben DD, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Amenta F. Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 190:108352. [PMID: 33035532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of adult-onset dementia is characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive functions accompanied by behavioral manifestations. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is). The first ChE-I licensed for symptomatic treatment of AD was tacrine. The ChE-Is currently available in the market are donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine as tacrine is no longer in use, due to its hepatotoxicity. According to mechanism of action the ChE-Is are classified as short-acting or reversible agents such as tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, as intermediate-acting or pseudo-irreversible agent such as rivastigmine. Overall, the efficacy of the three ChE-Is available in the market is similar and the benefit of administration of these compounds is mild and may not be clinically significant. Due to gastrointestinal side effects of these drugs, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical delivery studies have investigated solutions to improve the pharmacological activity of these compounds. In spite of the limited activity of ChE-Is, waiting for more effective approaches, these drugs still represent a pharmacotherapeutic resource for the treatment of AD. Other approaches in which ChE-Is were investigated is in their use in combination with other classes of drugs such as cholinergic precursors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and antioxidant agents. After many years from the introduction in therapy of ChE-Is, the combination with other classes of drugs may represent the chance for a renewed interest of ChE-Is in the treatment of adult-onset dementia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center University of Camerino via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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7
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Begum MM, Thangapandiyan S, Rahman MS, Aleya L, Mathew B, Ahmed M, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Multitargeting Strategy Based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3519-3535. [PMID: 31593530 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191008103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Sohanur Rahman
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - George E Barreto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Psychotria leiocarpa Extract and Vincosamide Reduce Chemically-Induced Inflammation in Mice and Inhibit the Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Inflammation 2020; 42:1561-1574. [PMID: 31102122 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Species from Psychotria are used in folk medicine against inflammatory diseases, respiratory disturbances, and anti-hallucinogenic. In the present study, the compound vincosamide (PL-1) was identified for the first time in methanolic extract of the Psychotria leiocarpa (ME-PL) leaves, as well as the anti-inflammatory and anticholinesteric effects in rodents and molecular docking simulations. The fractionation of the chloroform fraction (CF-PL) through chromatographic methods afforded the known compound PL-1. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ME-PL (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and PL-1 (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg) was analyzed using experimental models: paw edema, pleurisy, and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. The anticholinesterase activity of the ME-PL (30 and 100 mg/kg) and PL-1 (30 mg/kg) was showed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory in brain structures. The molecular docking simulations were performed using Molegro Virtual Docker v6.0. Overall, the results indicated that ME-PL and PL-1 demonstrated an anti-edematogenic effect in Cg-induced paw edema, leukocyte migration in the pleurisy model, and significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, cold response to acetone in mice. The samples exhibited maximal inhibition of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the frontal cortex. The molecular coupling of PL-1 with the AChE showed significant interactions with the catalytic and peripheral site, corroborating the activity presented in the inhibition assay. The acute administration of ME-PL did not cause signs of toxicity in the treated animals. The results showed that P. leiocarpa inhibited AChE and anti-inflammatory activity, and alkaloid vincosamide could be responsible, at least in part, for the observed effects, supporting the popular use of this genus.
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9
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El-Sayed NF, El-Hussieny M, Ewies EF, Fouad MA, Boulos LS. New phosphazine and phosphazide derivatives as multifunctional ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and β-Amyloid aggregation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103499. [PMID: 31838287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphazine and phosphazide derivatives are described herein as a new class of selective and potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Phosphazines (5-7) were synthesized smoothly via a redox-condensation reaction of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane with different amines derivatives in the presence of dialkyl azodicarboxylate (Staudinger reaction) while phosphazides (8) via electrophilic attack of azido derivatives. Structures of the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of compatible elementary and spectroscopic analyses. All the compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The most three potent compounds (5b-c and 8b) showing AChE IC50 values (29.85-34.96 nM) comparable to that of donepezil (34.42 nM) were subjected to further investigation by testing their butyrylcholinesterase, MMP-2 and self-induced Aβ aggregation inhibition activity. Especially, the coumarin phosphazide derivative (8b) presented the best AChE inhibition selectivity index (IC50 = 34.96 nM, AChE/BuChE; 3.81) together with good inhibition ability against MMP-2 (IC50 = 441.33 nM) and self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (IC50 = 337.77 nM). In addition, the inhibition of metal-induced Aβ aggregation by 8b was confirmed by thioflavine T fluorescence. The most potent effect of 8b was observed on the Zn2+-induced Aβ42 aggregation. Kinetic study of compound 8b suggested it to be a competitive AChE inhibitor. Also, it specifically chelates metal and is predicted to be permeable to BBB. It also possesses low toxicity on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with a safety index of 15.37. In addition, it was demonstrated that compound 8b can improve the cognitive impairment of scopolamine-induced model in mice with % alternations and transfer latency time comparable to that of donepezil. Also, a docking study was carried out and it was in accordance with the in vitro results. These promising in vitro and in vivo findings highlight compound 8b as a possible drug candidate in searching for new multifunctional AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F El-Sayed
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Leila S Boulos
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Hormigo S, Rodriguez-Lorenzana A, Castro-Salazar E, Millian-Morell L, López DE. Subchronic use of rivastigmine increases procognitive flexibility across multimodal behavioral tasks in healthy male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112077. [PMID: 31499090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rivastigmine (RVT) is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase approved worldwide for the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions, especially in Alzheimer's disease. Most previous pre-clinical studies have examined the effects of RVT treatment in a wide variety of pathological research models. Nonetheless, the effects of this drug on sensorimotor gating, memory, and learning tasks in healthy subjects remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the procognitive effects of RVT treatment in healthy rats through sensorimotor gating evaluations (measured as prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex), active avoidance learning, and spatial memory learning in a radial maze. There is an increase in the amplitude of the startle reflex in RVT-treated rats compared to the control groups, whereas the latency remained constant. Sensorimotor gating values were also incremented compared to those values from controls. In active avoidance, rats treated with RVT learned faster to successfully perform the task compared to controls, but afterwards all groups exhibited virtually identical results. During the sessions in the radial maze, RVT-treated rats committed fewer errors in both the working and reference memory compared to controls. All in all, our results support the hypothesis that RVT treatment may entail procognitive effects in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hormigo
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Lorenzana
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad de Las Americas; Quito, Ecuador
| | - E Castro-Salazar
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lymarie Millian-Morell
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E López
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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11
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Chen ZG, Bishop KS, Tanambell H, Buchanan P, Quek SY. Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070211. [PMID: 31288400 PMCID: PMC6680813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of the polysaccharides isolated from Hericium novae-zealandiae, a native New Zealand fungus, on the in vitro proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, gene expression, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidation. One water-soluble and two alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions were isolated from H. novae-zealandiae. The proliferation of the prostate cancer cell lines DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 was evaluated following treatment with these polysaccharide fractions. It was found that the polysaccharides possess anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP and PC3 cells, with a 50% growth inhibition (IC50) value as low as 0.61 mg/mL in LNCaP. Subsequently, it was determined through via RT-qPCR assay that apoptosis was one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the anti-proliferative activity in LNCaP. This was supported by the up-regulation of CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9. An alternative, discovered in PC3, was revealed to be anti-inflammation, which was hinted at by the down-regulation of IL6 and up-regulation of IL24. The polysaccharides also exhibited antioxidant and weak AChE inhibitory activities. This is the first report on the potential health benefits of polysaccharides prepared from the New Zealand fungus, H. novae-zealandiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Grace Chen
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Karen Suzanne Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hartono Tanambell
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter Buchanan
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland 1072, New Zealand
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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12
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Eldufani J, Blaise G. The role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine and rivastigmine on chronic pain and cognitive function in aging: A review of recent clinical applications. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:175-183. [PMID: 31194017 PMCID: PMC6551376 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain in patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia is a complex issue in the medical field; these patients suffer from the common causes of chronic pain, especially in geriatric medicine. To ensure the correct type and level of given treatment, medical care should be taken to avoid the contribution of chronic pain and cognitive impairment in the elderly population. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is) have been proven as an efficient therapeutic resource for significant improvement in dementia of Alzheimer's disease and chronic pain due to the fact that cholinergic deficit is considered as an early finding in cognitive impairment and persisting pain. Some AChE-Is are investigated here in terms of treatment of dementia and chronic pain management. Neostigmine has been used as an adjunct analgesic in the postoperative period and in combination with other analgesic medications in an intrathecal approach. Rivastigmine has, over the past ten years, become the approved agent for the management of dementia of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and has gained approval for treating different types of non-Alzheimer's dementia. In this review, we will focus on the two types of AChE-Is (rivastigmine and neostigmine) in the development of their clinical use and their respective mechanisms of actions on improving cognitive function and managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril Eldufani
- Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Elmergib University, El-khums, Libya
| | - Gilbert Blaise
- Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Hospital of Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Mohamed FA, Khashaba PY, El-Wekil MM, Shahin RY. Spectrodensitometric determination of rivastigmine after vortex assisted magnetic solid phase extraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Fan D, Liu L, Wu Z, Cao M. Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Plant Alkaloid Berberine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:563-579. [PMID: 29676231 PMCID: PMC6712296 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most serious health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. Such diseases are characterized by a progressive degeneration and / or death of neurons in the central nervous system. Currently, there are no therapeutic approaches to cure or even halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. During the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative activities of compounds isolated from natural products with high efficacy and low toxicity. Accumulating evidence indicates that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, may act as a promising anti-neurodegenerative agent by inhibiting the activity of the most important pathogenic enzymes, ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, triggering autophagy and protecting neurons against apoptotic cell death. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of berberine against neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie its effects on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;, E-mail: and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; E-mail:
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China;, E-mail: and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; E-mail:
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15
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Abbas-Mohammadi M, Moridi Farimani M, Salehi P, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Sonboli A, Kelso C, Skropeta D. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity of Iranian plants: Combined HPLC/bioassay-guided fractionation, molecular networking and docking strategies for the dereplication of active compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:471-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Wang M, Qin HL, Leng J, Ameeduzzafar, Amjad MW, Raja MAG, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new tetramethylpyrazine-based chalcone derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1859-1866. [PMID: 29923315 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of new ligustrazine-based chalcones was synthesized. For insertion of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP, also designated as ligustrazine) in chemical backbone of chalcone, a new ligustrazine-based aldehyde was prepared. New ketones were synthesized for inclusion of quinazolin-4-yl amino and pyrazin-2-yl amino moieties. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidases (MAO) inhibitory activities and also for in vitro cytotoxicity on PC12 cells. The effect of these compounds against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity and aggregation was also investigated. The synthesized compounds effectively inhibited the related enzymes and also exhibited neuroprotective effects. Most of the compounds displayed better inhibitory potencies against Aβ aggregation than reference compounds. Some compounds such as 11e and 16b showed very potent effects on multiple targets exhibiting behavior as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ameeduzzafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Discovery of novel dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with antifibrillogenic activity related to Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1037-1053. [PMID: 29676170 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS, affecting elderly people. The current pharmacological approach is based on the improvement of cholinergic neurotransmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with AChE inhibitors. The disease is also characterized by the accelerated accumulation of β-amyloid plaques around neurons. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that AChE can induce β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation. METHODOLOGY Computer-aided molecular design by virtual screening was here employed to discover novel potential AChE inhibitors, with antifibrillogenic properties, in other words, inhibiting Aβ aggregation. RESULTS Compounds 1, 4 and 6 showed interesting AChE inhibition. In addition, they particularly inhibit Aβ aggregation in vitro, indicating to be promising novel anti-Alzheimer agents.
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18
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Bahadori MB, Zengin G, Bahadori S, Dinparast L, Movahhedin N. Phenolic composition and functional properties of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1440238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Babak Bahadori
- Phytopharmacology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Shahram Bahadori
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Dinparast
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Movahhedin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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19
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Establishment of an HPLC method for testing acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and compared with traditional spectrophotometry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Mahmoud WH, Mahmoud NF, Mohamed GG. Synthesis, characterization, density functional theory, X-ray study, thermal stability, and biological and MOE relevance of metal complexes of griseofulvin. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Nessma F. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Gehad G. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
- Egypt Nanotechnology Center; Cairo University; El-Sheikh Zayed 12588 Egypt
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21
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Bitam S, Hamadache M, Hanini S. Prediction of therapeutic potency of tacrine derivatives as BuChE inhibitors from quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 29:213-230. [PMID: 29390887 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2018.1423640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies show that tacrine derivatives exhibit increased inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, the screening assays for currently available BuChE inhibitors are expensive, time consuming and dependent on the inhibitory compound. It is therefore desirable to develop alternative methods to facilitate the screening of these derivatives in the early phase of drug discovery. In order to develop robust predictive models, three regression methods were chosen in this study: multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR) and multilayer perceptron network (MLP). Eight relevant descriptors were selected on a dataset of 151 molecules using a method based on genetic algorithms. Internal and external validation strategies play an important role. Also, to check the robustness of the selected models, all available validation strategies were used, and all criteria used to validate these models revealed the superiority of the SVR model. The statistical parameters obtained with the SVR model were RMSE = 0.197, r2 = 0.969 and Q2 = 0.964 for the training set, and r2 = 0.906 and Q2 = 0.891 for the test set. Therefore, the model developed in this study provides an excellent prediction of the inhibitory concentration of tacrine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bitam
- a Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement , Université de Médéa , Quartier Ain D'heb, Médéa , Algeria
| | - M Hamadache
- a Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement , Université de Médéa , Quartier Ain D'heb, Médéa , Algeria
| | - S Hanini
- a Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement , Université de Médéa , Quartier Ain D'heb, Médéa , Algeria
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22
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Nian Y, Lu NH, Liu XL, Li DS, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Antiacetylcholinesterase triterpenes from the fruits of Cimicifuga yunnanensis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7832-7838. [PMID: 35539105 PMCID: PMC9078504 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cycloartane triterpenes, cimyunnin E (1), containing a unique oxaspiro[4.4]nonanedione moiety based on rings D and E, together with cimicifine B (2), a 25,26,27-trinortriterpene featuring a pyridine ring E, were purified from the fruits of Cimicifuga yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and ECD (electronic circular dichroism calculations). Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition with IC50 values of 1.58 and 3.87 μM, respectively. In addition, they noticeably enhanced the neurite outgrowth of nerve growth factor (NGF) mediated PC12 cells at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Ni-Hong Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming Kunming 650041 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China
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23
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Novel donepezil-like N -benzylpyridinium salt derivatives as AChE inhibitors and their corresponding dihydropyridine “bio-oxidizable” prodrugs: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:165-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Kim H, Lee HE, Jung IH, Jeon SJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Jang DS, Ryu JH. The memory ameliorating effects of DHP1402, an herbal mixture, on cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:38-46. [PMID: 28917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F Chow (Rhamnaceae) and the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (Siedbold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook. f ex Trautv. (Campanulaceae), contained in the DHP1402, have long been used for treating dementia or hypomnesia as folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY It has been reported that Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata are effective in improving cognitive function, but via different mechanisms. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the synergistic effects of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scopolamine, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist, was used to induce cognitive dysfunction. We employed several behavioral tasks to estimate the synergistic effect of the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and the roots of C. lanceolata. In addition, we introduced the Western blotting, the antagonism passive avoidance task to investigate a synergistic effect of an herbal formulation. RESULTS Synergistic effects of a combination of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata at a 5:1 ratio [(w/w), DHP1402] were observed against cognitive dysfunction in the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. DHP1402 also ameliorated memory deficits in a dose-dependent manner in these behavioral tasks, as well as in the Morris water maze task. According to the Western blot results, the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were also increased in a synergistic manner after the administration of DHP1402. In addition, we found that the effects of DHP1402 on cognitive function were mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling, based on the antagonism studies. Furthermore, we found that DHP1402 has inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). CONCLUSION DHP1402 attenuates cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive dysfunction through NMDA receptor modulation, PKA-ERK-CREB pathway activation, and AChE inhibition. Therefore, DHP1402 could be a candidate for alleviating cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wu G, Gao Y, Kang D, Huang B, Huo Z, Liu H, Poongavanam V, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tacrine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 9:149-159. [PMID: 30108908 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of 11 novel tacrine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives via a Cu(i)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity against Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as potential drug targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the designed compounds, compound 8a2 exhibited potent inhibition against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 4.89 μM and 3.61 μM, respectively. Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) and molecular modeling studies may provide valuable insights into the design of better tacrine-triazole analogues with potential therapeutic applications for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology , School of Medicine , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark .
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
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26
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Reyes-Marin KE, Nuñez A. Seizure susceptibility in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and relationship with amyloid β plaques. Brain Res 2017; 1677:93-100. [PMID: 28963050 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common age associated neurodegenerative disorder associated with an elevated risk of seizures that may be fundamentally connected to cognitive dysfunction. We used 4-9month-old mice of the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease to study the presence of epileptiform-like discharges and to establish if the amyloid-β plaques affect their generation. The EEG of the APP/PS1 transgenic mice revealed a higher incidence of epileptiform-like discharges i.e. seizure events (interictal spikes, sharp waves, or polyspikes) than in the controls. Also, APP/PS1 mice showed a lower latency to evoke seizure events than in the control animals when pentylenetetrazole (60mg/kg; i.p.) was injected. Moreover, physostigmine injection (1mg/kg; i.p.) also increased the frequency of spontaneous epileptiform-like discharges in the APP/PS1 mice. We also found a correlation between the frequency of epileptiform-like discharges and the number of amyloid-β plaques. Application of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromobenzylamine (50mg/kg) generated amyloid-β plaques in the cortex and seizure activity appeared. Taken together, these data indicate that deposits of amyloid-β plaques may be responsible for the epileptiform-like discharges recorded in the APP/PS1 mice and could be responsible for the elevated risk for seizures of Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Reyes-Marin
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Trofimiuk E, Wielgat P, Braszko JJ. Candesartan, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker is able to relieve age-related cognitive impairment. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:87-92. [PMID: 29331792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candesartan is one of the standard antihypertensive drug belonging to AT1R angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) group. Beneficial effects of this drug in the treatment of hypertension are well recognized. In this study we tested a hypothesis that candesartan could alleviate age-related memory decline. METHODS Aged and young rats have been treated with candesartan (0.1mg kg-1) for 21days and then underwent a battery of behavioral tests: for assessment of long-term memory (Passive avoidance test - PA), recognition memory (Object recognition test - OR), locomotor functions (Open field - OF) and anxiety behavior (Elevated plus maze - EPM). RESULTS Aged rats (2-years-old) displayed clear declining tendency in the retrieval of passive avoidance behavior showing thus increased forgetting. Prolonged administration of candesartan significantly (p<0.01) reversed this phenomenon causing recall measured as the avoidance latency, and surprisingly also showed the tendency to recall deterioration observed in the young rats. More optimistic results were achieved in the OR, where candesartan significantly improved recognition memory (p<0.001) of aged rats who performed even better than the young ones (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It appears that candesartan potently abolishes some kinds of aging-induced memory impairments and cognitive declines in aged rats, but in some circumstances it may even could increase the damage of memory. It seems that the use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension for patients with associated cognitive impairment, or for people in risk groups for such disorders can be an interesting alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Trofimiuk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan J Braszko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Kandiah N, Pai MC, Senanarong V, Looi I, Ampil E, Park KW, Karanam AK, Christopher S. Rivastigmine: the advantages of dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and its role in subcortical vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:697-707. [PMID: 28458525 PMCID: PMC5402908 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated clinical benefits of sustained cholinesterase inhibition with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Unlike donepezil and galantamine that selectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), rivastigmine is a unique cholinesterase inhibitor with both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitory activity. Rivastigmine is also available as transdermal patch that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe AD as well as mild-to-moderate PDD. In this review, we explore the role of BuChE inhibition in addition to AChE inhibition with rivastigmine in the outcomes of cognition, global function, behavioral symptoms, and activities of daily living. Additionally, we review the evidence supporting the use of dual AChE-BuChE inhibitory activity of rivastigmine as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurological disorders, with a focus on the role of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD) and PDD. Toward this objective, we performed a literature search in PubMed and Ovid with limits to articles published in the English language before June 2016. The available evidence from the literature suggests that the dual inhibition of AChE and BuChE may afford additional therapeutic potential of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias (subcortical VaD and PDD) with benefits on cognition and behavioral symptoms. Rivastigmine was found to specifically benefit executive dysfunction frequently observed in subcortical dementias; however, large randomized clinical studies are warranted to support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Duke-NUS, Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Vorapun Senanarong
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irene Looi
- Clinical Research Centre.,Department of Medicine, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Encarnita Ampil
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology and Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Center, Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Choi SY, Kim KJ, Song JH, Lee BY. Ginsenoside Rg5 prevents apoptosis by modulating heme-oxygenase-1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling and alters the expression of cognitive impairment-associated genes in thermal stress-exposed HT22 cells. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:225-228. [PMID: 29719470 PMCID: PMC5926500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results suggested that thermal stress can lead to activation of hippocampal cell damage and reduction of memory-associated molecules in HT22 cells. These findings also provide a part of molecular rationale for the role of ginsenoside Rg5 as a potent cognitive impairment preventive compound in blocking the initiation of hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea
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30
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Leng J, Qin HL, Zhu K, Jantan I, Hussain MA, Sher M, Amjad MW, Naeem-ul-Hassan M, Ahmad W, Bukhari SNA. Evaluation of multifunctional synthetic tetralone derivatives for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:889-898. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Leng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kaicheng Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sargodha; Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Waqas Ahmad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; School of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan China
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Maraković N, Knežević A, Vinković V, Kovarik Z, Šinko G. Design and synthesis of N-substituted-2-hydroxyiminoacetamides and interactions with cholinesterases. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:122-132. [PMID: 27238725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, we designed and synthesized four new oxime compounds of the N-substituted 2-hydroxyiminoacetamide structure and evaluated their interactions with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Our aim was to explore the possibility of extending the dual-binding mode of interaction between the enzyme and the inhibitor to a so-called triple-binding mode of interaction through the introduction of an additional binding moiety. N-substituted 2-hydroxyiminoacetamide 1 was prepared via BOP catalyzed amidation of hydroxyiminoacetic acid with 3-azido-1-phenylpropylamine. An azide group enabled us to prepare more elaborate structures 2-4 by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The new compounds 1-4 differed in their presumed AChE peripheral site binding moiety, which ranged from an azide group to functionalized heterocycles. Molecular docking studies revealed that all three binding moieties are involved in the non-covalent interactions with ChEs for all of the four compounds, albeit not always in the complete accordance with the proposed hypothesis. All of the four compounds reversibly inhibited the ChEs with their inhibition potency increasing in the same order for both enzymes (1 < 2 < 4 < 3). A higher preference for binding to BChE (KI from 0.30 μmol/L to 130 μmol/L) over AChE (KI from 50 μmol/L to 1200 μmol/L) was observed for all of the compounds. Compounds were screened for reactivation of cyclosarin-, sarin- and VX-inhibited AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Maraković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vladimir Vinković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Grover A, Shandilya A, Agrawal V, Bisaria VS, Sundar D. Computational evidence to inhibition of human acetyl cholinesterase by withanolide a for Alzheimer treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 29:651-62. [PMID: 22208270 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.10507408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia. So far only five drugs have been approved by US FDA that temporarily slow worsening of symptoms for about six to twelve months. The limited number of therapeutic options for AD drives the exploration of new drugs. Enhancement of the central cholinergic function by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is a prominent clinically effective approach for the treatment of AD. Recently withanolide A, a secondary metabolite from the ayurvedic plant Withania somnifera has shown substantial neuro-protective ability. The present study is an attempt to elucidate the cholinesterase inhibition potential of withanolide A along with the associated binding mechanism. Our docking simulation results predict high binding affinity of the ligand to the receptor. Further, long de novo simulations for 10 ns suggest that ligand interaction with the residues Thr78, Trp81, Ser120 and His442 of human acetylcholinesterase, all of which fall under one or other of the active sites/subsites, could be critical for its inhibitory activity. The study provides evidence for consideration of withanolide A as a valuable small ligand molecule in treatment and prevention of AD associated pathology. The present information could be of high value for computational screening of AD drugs with low toxicity to normal cells. Accurate knowledge of the 3D structure of human acetylcholinesterase would further enhance the potential of such analysis in understanding the molecular interaction basis between ligand and receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Grover
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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33
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Zha GF, Zhang CP, Qin HL, Jantan I, Sher M, Amjad MW, Hussain MA, Hussain Z, Bukhari SNA. Biological evaluation of synthetic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl based cyclohexanone derivatives as neuroprotective novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and amyloid-β aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2352-9. [PMID: 27083471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based cyclohexanone derivatives was synthesized by simple condensation method and all compounds were characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. New compounds were evaluated for their effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). These compounds were also screened for in vitro cytotoxicity and for inhibitory activity for self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. The effect of these compounds against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity was also investigated. The findings of in vitro experiment revealed that most of these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against AChE and self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. The compound 3o exhibited best AChE (IC50=0.037μM) inhibitory potential. Furthermore, compound 3o disassembled the Aβ fibrils produced by self-induced Aβ aggregation by 76.6%. Compounds containing N-methyl-4-piperidone linker, showed high acetylcholinesterase and self-induced Aβ aggregation inhibitory activities as compared to reference drug donepezil. The pre-treatment of cells with synthetic compounds protected them against Aβ-induced cell death by up to 92%. Collectively, these findings suggest that some compounds from this series have potential to be promising multifunctional agents for AD treatment and our study suggest the cyclohexanone derivatives as promising new inhibitors for AChE and BuChE, potentially useful to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Zahid Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cheenpracha S, Jitonnom J, Komek M, Ritthiwigrom T, Laphookhieo S. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular docking study of steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena pubescens barks. Steroids 2016; 108:92-8. [PMID: 26850468 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An alkaloidal extract of the bark of Holarrhena pubescens showed several inhibition zones of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, using a bioautographic assay. Activity-guided fractionation afforded three new steroidal alkaloids, mokluangins A-C (1-3), together with three known compounds, antidysentericine (4), holaphyllamine (5), methylholaphyllamine (6). All structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compound 2 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with the MIC value of 16 μg/mL, while compound 3 exhibited moderate selective activity against E. coli with the MIC value of 16 μg/mL. In addition, compounds 1-4 also showed strong AChE inhibiting activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.44 to 23.22 μM. Molecular docking calculations were also performed and the results demonstrated that all compounds can bind at the aromatic gorge of AChE with estimated binding free energies correlated well with the in vitro inhibitory profiles. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions contribute mainly to the binding of the alkaloids where the substituents at C-3 serving as key functional groups for the AChE inhibition. Our results will allow the development of new AChE-inhibitors based on steroidal alkaloid skeleton bearing the cyclic amide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarot Cheenpracha
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Jitrayut Jitonnom
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Manutchaya Komek
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Sutep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Scapaundulin C, a novel labdane diterpenoid isolated from Chinese liverwort Scapania undulate, inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:933-6. [PMID: 26721712 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, scapaundulin C (1), a new labdane diterpenoid, and four related known compounds scapaundulin A (2), 5α, 8α, 9α-trihydroxy-13E-labden-12-one (3), 5α, 8α-dihydroxy-13E-labden-12-one (4), and (13S)-15-hydroxylabd-8 (17)-en-19-oic acid (5), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Scapania undulate (L.) Dum., using column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity was evaluated using a bioautographic TLC assay and the cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the MTT method. All the compounds were reported for the first time to exhibit moderate AchE inhibitory activity with minimal inhibitory quantities ranging from 250 to 500 ng. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, A549, K562, A2780, Hela, and HT29, and compounds 3 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the growth of A2780 cells.
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Rahimi A, Nazemiyeh H, Azarmi Y. Effect of Salvia sahendica Extracts on Neuromuscular Transmission in Chick Biventer Cervicis Muscle. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Proaporphine and aporphine alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from Stephania epigaea. Fitoterapia 2015; 104:102-7. [PMID: 26028544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An unusual proaporphine alkaloid bearing an isopropanenitrile group at isoquinoline nitrogen, named epiganine A (1) and a new aporphine alkaloid, epiganine B (2), together with eight known alkaloids, pronuciferine (3), dehydrodicentrine (4), romerine (5), romeline (6), N-methylcalycinine (7), phanostenine (8), dicentrine (9), and N-methyllaurotetanine (10), were isolated from the roots of Stephania epigaea. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculating electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and comparing with experimental data. Compounds 2 and 4 showed strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 4.36 and 2.98μM, respectively. Compounds 5-9 also exhibited potent AChE inhibitory activities.
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Virtual screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using the Lipinski's rule of five and ZINC databank. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:870389. [PMID: 25685814 PMCID: PMC4317581 DOI: 10.1155/2015/870389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative pathology that can affect people over 65 years of age. It causes several complications, such as behavioral changes, language deficits, depression, and memory impairments. One of the methods used to treat AD is the increase of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain by using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). In this study, we used the ZINC databank and the Lipinski's rule of five to perform a virtual screening and a molecular docking (using Auto Dock Vina 1.1.1) aiming to select possible compounds that have quaternary ammonium atom able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The molecules were obtained by screening and further in vitro assays were performed to analyze the most potent inhibitors through the IC50 value and also to describe the interaction models between inhibitors and enzyme by molecular docking. The results showed that compound D inhibited AChE activity from different vertebrate sources and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from Equus ferus (EfBChE), with IC50 ranging from 1.69 ± 0.46 to 5.64 ± 2.47 µM. Compound D interacted with the peripheral anionic subsite in both enzymes, blocking substrate entrance to the active site. In contrast, compound C had higher specificity as inhibitor of EfBChE. In conclusion, the screening was effective in finding inhibitors of AChE and BuChE from different organisms.
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Vandeput M, Parsajoo C, Vanheuverzwijn J, Patris S, Yardim Y, le Jeune A, Sarakbi A, Mertens D, Kauffmann JM. Flow-through enzyme immobilized amperometric detector for the rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Blom JD, Coebergh JAF, Lauw R, Sommer IEC. Musical hallucinations treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25904872 PMCID: PMC4387860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical hallucinations are relatively rare auditory percepts which, due to their intrusive nature and the accompanying fear of impending mental decline, tend to cause significant distress and impairment. Although their etiology and pathophysiology appear to be heterogeneous and no evidence-based treatment methods are available, case reports indicate that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may yield positive results in patients with comorbid hearing loss. We present two female patients (aged 76 and 78 years) both of whom suffered from hearing impairment and practically incessant musical hallucinations. Both patients were successfully treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine. Based on these two case descriptions and an overview of studies describing the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in similar patients, we discuss possible mechanisms and propose further research on the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for musical hallucinations experienced in concordance with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dirk Blom
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Jan Adriaan F Coebergh
- Department of Neurology, Ashford and St. Peter's Hospitals , Chertsey , UK ; Department of Neurology, St. George's Hospital , London , UK
| | - René Lauw
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience , Utrecht , Netherlands
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Huang L, Miao H, Sun Y, Meng F, Li X. Discovery of indanone derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:429-39. [PMID: 25282266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of indanone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested using a variety of assays to assess their potential as anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents. The investigations assessed the activities of the agents for the inhibition of cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE), the inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) self-assembly, and the catalysis of the disassembly of preformed Aβ oligomers and measured their antioxidant activities. Our results demonstrate that most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated good inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. In particular, compounds 9 (IC50 = 14.8 nM) and 14 (IC50 = 18.6 nM) exhibited markedly higher inhibitory activities than tacrine and similar activities to donepezil. In addition, 9 and 14 significantly inhibited Aβ aggregation (inhibition rates of 85.5% and 83.8%, respectively), catalysed the disaggregation of Aβ fibrils generated by self-induced Aβ aggregation, and exhibited antioxidant activity. Furthermore, these two compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro. These properties highlight the potential of these new compounds to be developed as multi-functional drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Feng XL, Yu Y, Gao H, Mu ZQ, Cheng XR, Zhou WX, Yao XS. New sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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43
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Synthesis of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl based compounds as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Characterization, molecular modeling, QSAR studies and effect against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:355-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Heller L, Schwarz S, Weber BA, Csuk R. Gypsogenin derivatives: an unexpected class of inhibitors of cholinesterases. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:707-16. [PMID: 25042600 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gypsogenin (1) was obtained by acidic hydrolysis from its saponin. While the parent compound 1 acted as a selective inhibitor for butyrylcholinesterase (from equus) possessing a moderate mixed-type inhibition of the enzyme, Ki values as low as 2.67 ± 0.59 μM were determined for (3β,4α) 3-O-acetyl-olean-12-ene-23,28-dinitrile (11) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, from electric eel). Thus, 11 possesses one-fifth of the inhibitory activity of the "gold standard" galantamine hydrobromide; this compound is one of the first pentacyclic triterpenoids described as a potent AChE-selective inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease:: getting on and staying on. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2014; 64:216-35. [PMID: 24944370 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-393x(03)00059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. In addition to differences in selectivity for AChE and BuChE, ChE inhibitors also differ in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and these differences could significantly impact on safety, tolerability, and efficacy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the ChE inhibitors widely used in AD, focusing on key pharmacologic differences among agents and how these may translate into important differences in safety, tolerability, and efficacy in clinical practice. METHODS Using published literature collected over time by the author, a review was conducted, focusing on the pharmacology and clinical data of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine. RESULTS All ChE inhibitors have the potential to induce centrally mediated cholinergic adverse events (AEs), such as nausea and vomiting, if the dose is increased too rapidly or in increments that are too large. These AEs, which are most likely to occur during the "getting on," or dose-escalation, phase of treatment, may result in patients discontinuing treatment early without achieving optimum therapeutic benefit. To reduce the incidence of these AEs, a slow dose-escalation schedule has been established in clinical practice, consisting of a "start low, go slow" procedure with a minimum of 4 weeks between dose increases. After "getting on" treatment, maintaining treatment in the long term, or "staying on," may be achieved with good safety, tolerability, and sustained symptomatic efficacy across the key symptom domains (activities of daily living, behavior, and cognition). CONCLUSIONS ChE inhibitors provide symptomatic benefit in AD across key symptom domains. Factors influencing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of these agents in clinical practice include ChE enzymes inhibited, brain and brain-region ChE selectivity, and metabolism route. Class-specific cholinergic AEs can be minimized using slow, flexible dose escalation.
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Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Alpha Asarone in Amnesic Mice by Influencing Cholinergic and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1518-22. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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Zhang J, Fan P, Zhu R, Li R, Lin Z, Sun B, Zhang C, Zhou J, Lou H. Marsupellins A-F, ent-longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids from the Chinese liverwort Marsupella alpine with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1031-1036. [PMID: 24673187 DOI: 10.1021/np4009255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity-guided fractionation of the Chinese liverwort Marsupella alpine afforded six new [marsupellins A-F (1-6)] and three known (7-9) ent-longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids. The structures were determined from MS and NMR spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1-9 exhibited moderate to weak AChE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University , Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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Tasker A, Perry EK, Ballard CG. Butyrylcholinesterase: impact on symptoms and progression of cognitive impairment. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 5:101-6. [PMID: 15853480 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.5.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The most successful approach for treating people with Alzheimer's disease to date has been by improving cholinergic transmission using cholinesterase inhibitors. Many of these drugs selectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase but some agents inhibit both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Recent evidence from studies examining butyrylcholinesterase in post mortem brain samples from dementia patients and examining the relationship between butyrylcholinesterase polymorphisms and the progression of cognitive impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease add to a body of work suggesting that butyrylcholinesterase is present in key brain areas and may influence the maturation of plaques in Alzheimer's disease. These accumulating data suggest that butyrylcholinesterase contributes to disease progression in people with dementia, which may be particularly important in individuals with more severe dementia as butyrylcholinesterase activity increases with disease development. It is a priority for future clinical trials to determine whether agents which inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase have a greater clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tasker
- Institute for Ageing and Health, MRC Building, Wolfson Research Centre, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
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Richmond V, Murray AP, Maier MS. Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of polyhydroxylated sulfated steroids: structure/activity studies. Steroids 2013; 78:1141-7. [PMID: 23973658 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disulfated and trisulfated steroids have been synthesized from cholesterol and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity has been evaluated. In our studies we have found that the activity was not only dependent on the location of the sulfate groups but on their configurations. 2β,3α,6α-trihydroxy-5α-cholestan-6-one trisulfate (18) was the most active steroid with an IC50 value of 15.48 μM comparable to that of 2β,3α-dihydroxy-5α-cholestan-6-one disulfate (1). Both compounds were found to be less active than the reference compound eserine. The butyrylcholinesterase activity of 1 and 18 was one magnitude lower than that against acetylcholinesterase revealing a selective inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Richmond
- UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of berberine–thiophenyl hybrids as multi-functional agents: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and Aβ aggregation and antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5830-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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