1
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Kaizuka M, Sato H, Ozaki Y, Sato H. Visualization of Recrystallization Induced by Ultraviolet Degradation of a Polypropylene Film Using Raman Imaging. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:517-522. [PMID: 38441132 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241235233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Raman images were constructed for polypropylene (PP) films before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (100 mW, 248-436 nm) for 10 h using several intensity ratios of Raman bands that are sensitive to crystallization of PP. In the images of PP films before the irradiation the intensity ratios are nearly uniform for the films but for those of the PP films after the irradiation, the ratios become large with a mottled pattern, indicating that recrystallization occurs in the PP films upon the irradiation of the UV light. The UV-irradiated PP films show worm-like shaped structures in few micrometer order representing the recrystallization of PP. The temperature gradient of PP is low (273 K), and thus, it is very likely that due to UV energy and polymer fragmentation, PP molecules become more mobile and some parts of molecular chains in amorphous parts of PP molecules lead to their rearrangement and recrystallization. In this study, we demonstrate that Raman imaging clearly detects subtle changes in the crystallinity with a micrometer order structure which morphological images cannot observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kaizuka
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Harumi Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sato
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
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2
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Zimmermann P, Frohs S, Wiesing M, Meena K, Nagel J. Efficient Approach for Direct Robust Surface Grafting of Polyethyleneimine onto a Polyester Surface during Moulding. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:644. [PMID: 38475327 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper uses a very effective way for surface modification of thermoplastic polymers during moulding. It is based on a grafting reaction between a thin layer of a functional polymer, deposited on a substrate in advance, and a polymer melt. In this paper, a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) that was brought in contact with a polyethyleneimine layer during fused filament fabrication is investigated. The focus of this paper is the investigation of the reaction product. Grafting was realised by the formation of stable amide bonds by amidation of ester groups in the main chain of a PETG. XPS investigations revealed that the conversion of amino groups was very high, the distribution was even, and the quantity of amino groups per polyester surface area was still very high. The surface properties of the produced polyester part were mainly characterised by polyethyleneimine. The grafting was able to resist several cycles of extraction in alkaline solutions. The stability was only limited by saponification of the polyester. The degree of surface modification was dependent on the molar mass of polyethyleneimine. This could be rationalised, because grafting only occurred with the one polyethyleneimine molecule that is in close vicinity to the polyester surface when both components come in contact. Fused deposition modelling was chosen as the model process with control over each processing step. However, any other moulding process may be applied, particularly injection moulding for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zimmermann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silven Frohs
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesing
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kamal Meena
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Nagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Jicsinszky L, Bucciol F, Chaji S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers. Molecules 2023; 28:8031. [PMID: 38138521 PMCID: PMC10745761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical treatment of various organic molecules is an emerging technology of green processes in biofuel, fine chemicals, or food production. Many biopolymers are involved in isolating, derivating, or modifying molecules of natural origin. Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool to achieve these goals, but the unintentional modification of biopolymers by mechanochemical manipulation is not always obvious or even detectable. Although modeling molecular changes caused by mechanical stresses in cavitation and grinding processes is feasible in small model compounds, simulation of extrusion processes primarily relies on phenomenological approaches that allow only tool- and material-specific conclusions. The development of analytical and computational techniques allows for the inline and real-time control of parameters in various mechanochemical processes. Using artificial intelligence to analyze process parameters and product characteristics can significantly improve production optimization. We aim to review the processes and consequences of possible chemical, physicochemical, and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
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4
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Tian R, Li K, Lin Y, Lu C, Duan X. Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3007-3088. [PMID: 36802560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure-property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Engineering Polypropylene-Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite II) Composites: The Key Role of Zinc Ionomers via Reactive Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040799. [PMID: 36850083 PMCID: PMC9959175 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most versatile polymers widely used in packaging, textiles, automotive, and electrical applications. Melt blending of PP with micro- and/or nano-fillers is a common approach for obtaining specific end-use characteristics and major enhancements of properties. The study aims to develop high-performance composites by filling PP with CaSO4 β-anhydrite II (AII) issued from natural gypsum. The effects of the addition of up to 40 wt.% AII into PP matrix have been deeply evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical and thermal properties. The PP-AII composites (without any modifier) as produced with internal mixers showed enhanced thermal stability and stiffness. At high filler loadings (40% AII), there was a significant decrease in tensile strength and impact resistance; therefore, custom formulations with special reactive modifiers/compatibilizers (PP functionalized/grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and zinc diacrylate (ZnDA)) were developed. The study revealed that the addition of only 2% ZnDA (able to induce ionomeric character) leads to PP-AII composites characterized by improved kinetics of crystallization, remarkable thermal stability, and enhanced mechanical properties, i.e., high tensile strength, rigidity, and even rise in impact resistance. The formation of Zn ionomers and dynamic ionic crosslinks, finer dispersion of AII microparticles, and better compatibility within the polyolefinic matrix allow us to explain the recorded increase in properties. Interestingly, the PP-AII composites also exhibited significant improvements in the elastic behavior under dynamic mechanical stress and of the heat deflection temperature (HDT), thus paving the way for engineering applications. Larger experimental trials have been conducted to produce the most promising composite materials by reactive extrusion (REx) on twin-screw extruders, while evaluating their performances through various methods of analysis and processing.
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6
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Locaspi A, Pelucchi M, Mehl M, Faravelli T. Towards a lumped approach for solid plastic waste gasification: Polyethylene and polypropylene pyrolysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:107-117. [PMID: 36462341 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a circular economy perspective, solid plastic wastes (SPW) can become a valuable source of chemicals, energy vectors and fuels through pyrolysis, gasification, and partial oxidation technologies, but their modelling requires first the definition of suitable condensed phase pyrolysis mechanisms for each constituent. This work proposes a semi-detailed kinetic model for polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) pyrolysis based on the functional group approach implemented for polyvinylchloride (PVC) and biomass pyrolysis to consistently address mixture modelling. This approach distinguishes polymeric chains in High Molecular Weight species, represented through their chemical functionalities, and Low Molecular Weight species, described with accuracy comparable to literature detailed models, employing the reaction classes proposed in the scientific literature. Several validated lumping techniques are introduced to reduce the model computational cost, and the resulting liquid-phase model accounts for 74 species for PE and 126 species for PP. Model validation is carried out by an extensive comparison with experimental data proving the soundness of the approach and the model capability of predicting mass-loss and product distribution profiles with similar accuracy to more expensive detailed models from the literature. The proposed condensed phase approach can be extended to other polymers and coupled with other existing subsets in the CRECK kinetic framework (e.g., biomass, PVC) paving the way for unravelling mixture interactions and secondary cracking and/or gasification reactions. The model here proposed is a powerful tool to support design and optimization of SPW thermochemical recycling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Locaspi
- CRECK Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pelucchi
- CRECK Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mehl
- CRECK Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Faravelli
- CRECK Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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7
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Blázquez-Blázquez E, Díez-Rodríguez TM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Recycling of metallocene isotactic polypropylene: importance of antioxidants. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2022; 147:13363-13374. [PMID: 35974745 PMCID: PMC9372521 DOI: 10.1007/s10973-022-11505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of plastics is absolutely essential in a circular economy, especially in the case of commodity polymers from fossil resources, like isotactic polypropylene (iPP). Therefore, evaluation of the factors that are decisive for an optimum performance of the recycled based materials becomes mandatory for the obtainment of new products with optimal properties. One of the most important aspects is the protection of the plastics materials not only against the external degradation agents, but also from the radicals generated during their previous service life. Accordingly, several materials have been prepared by extrusion based on virgin iPP with different amounts of the same polypropylene severely degraded, which has been used as model component to be recycled. Previous to the extrusion, a mixture of antioxidants was added to all the samples, and special attention has been paid to consumption of those additives during the extrusion. The results show an increasing reduction of antioxidants with rising content of the degraded material. But, importantly, a rather analogous mechanical response has been found for all the recycled materials in relation to the virgin iPP, pointing out a satisfactory dilution effect of the existing degradation points within the virgin polymeric chains, and indicating the very relevant action of the antioxidants used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gloger D, Mileva D, Albrecht A, Hubner G, Androsch R, Gahleitner M. Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene: Effects of Chain Architecture, Melt Structure, Shear Modification, and Solution Treatment on Melt Relaxation Dynamics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06009 Halle/Saale, Germany
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9
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Lesiak B, Zemek J, Jiricek P, Rezek B, Jóźwik A. Effect of electron irradiation on polypropylene and polystyrene foils studied by pattern recognition methods on electron spectroscopy data. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1978487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lesiak
- Department of Catalysis on Metals, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Josef Zemek
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jiricek
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Jóźwik
- Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Guo P, Xu Y, Lyu M, Zhang S. Fabrication of Expanded Ethylene–Propylene–Butene-1 Copolymer Bead. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing 100013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing 100013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Lyu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing 100013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, SINOPEC, Beijing 100013, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Thermoelectric Performance of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube/Ionic Liquid Composites and Its Dependence on Electron Beam Irradiation. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric behavior of polypropylene (PP) based nanocomposites containing single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and five kinds of ionic liquids (Ils) dependent on composite composition and electron beam irradiation (EB) was studied. Therefore, several samples were melt-mixed in a micro compounder, while five Ils with sufficiently different anions and/or cations were incorporated into the PP/SWCNT composites followed by an EB treatment for selected composites. Extensive investigations were carried out considering the electrical, thermal, mechanical, rheological, morphological and, most significantly, thermoelectric properties. It was found that it is possible to prepare n-type melt-mixed polymer composites from p-type commercial SWCNTs with relatively high Seebeck coefficients when adding four of the selected Ils. The highest Seebeck coefficients achieved in this study were +49.3 µV/K (PP/2 wt.% SWCNT) for p-type composites and −27.6 µV/K (PP/2 wt.% SWCNT/4 wt.% IL type AMIM Cl) for n-type composites. Generally, the type of IL is decisive whether p- or n-type thermoelectric behavior is achieved. After IL addition higher volume conductivity could be reached. Electron beam treatment of PP/SWCNT leads to increased values of the Seebeck coefficient, whereas the EB treated sample with IL (AMIM Cl) shows a less negative Seebeck coefficient value.
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12
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Song M, Luo W, Feng S, Jiang W, Ge Y, Liu T. Effect of viscoelasticity on the foaming behaviour of long-chain branched polypropylene with different branching degrees analysed by using bubble-growth modelling. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Kong S, He C, Dong J, Li N, Xu C, Pan X. Sunlight‐Mediated Degradation of Polyethylene under the Synergy of Photothermal CH Activation and Modification. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Congze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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14
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Farr NTH, Roman S, Schäfer J, Quade A, Lester D, Hearnden V, MacNeil S, Rodenburg C. A novel characterisation approach to reveal the mechano-chemical effects of oxidation and dynamic distension on polypropylene surgical mesh. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34710-34723. [PMID: 35494782 PMCID: PMC9042683 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) surgical mesh, used successfully for the surgical repair of abdominal hernias, is associated with serious clinical complications when used in the pelvic floor for repair of stress urinary incontinence or support of pelvic organ prolapse. While manufacturers claim that the material is inert and non-degradable, there is a growing body of evidence that asserts PP fibres are subject to oxidative damage and indeed explanted material from patients suffering with clinical complications has shown some evidence of fibre cracking and oxidation. It has been proposed that a pathological cellular response to the surgical mesh contributes to the medical complications; however, the mechanisms that trigger the specific host response against the material are not well understood. Specifically, this study was constructed to investigate the mechano-chemical effects of oxidation and dynamic distension on polypropylene surgical mesh. To do this we used a novel advanced spectroscopical characterisation technique, secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI), which is based on the collection of secondary electron emission spectra in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal mechanical-chemical reactions within PP meshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T H Farr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street UK .,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street Sheffield UK
| | - Sabiniano Roman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street UK
| | - Jan Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP e.V.) Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Antje Quade
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP e.V.) Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Daniel Lester
- Polymer Characterisation Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick Library Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street UK
| | - Cornelia Rodenburg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street UK
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15
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Morimoto R, Suzuki T, Minami H. Preparation of Polypropylene-Composite Particles by Dispersion Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10388-10393. [PMID: 34407617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) composite particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in the presence of PP particles without a conventional dispersant. The polymerization process yielded a stable emulsion of composite particles with a "currant bun"-like morphology consisting of a PBzMA core and PP bumps, indicating that the PP particles operate as colloidal stabilizers. Conversely, when BzMA was replaced with styrene as the monomer, dispersion polymerization yielded a large amount of aggregates. Finally, a stable emulsion was formed by copolymerizing a small amount of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with styrene. This result suggested that PP must interact with a second polymer to prepare stable composite particles. The surfaces of the PP particles, which are highly hydrophilic due to their carboxyl groups, were involved in the attachment and stabilization of the polymer precipitated in the medium. A film prepared from the obtained PP/PBzMA composite particles was highly hydrophobic and strongly adhesive to a PP sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Morimoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research & Development Center, UNITIKA LTD., 23, Uji-Kozakura, Uji, Kyoto 611-0021, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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16
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Pryhazhayeva L, Shunkevich A, Polikarpov A, Krul L. Synthesis and long‐term stability of acrylic acid and N, N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide radiation grafted polypropylene fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonid Krul
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Macromolecular Compounds Belarusian State University Minsk Belarus
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17
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Liu X, Qin Y, Zhao S, Dong JY. Nanocomposites-Turned-Nanoalloys Polypropylene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes- graft-Polystyrene: Synthesis and Polymer Nanoreinforcement. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songmei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Pirman T, Ocepek M, Likozar B. Radical Polymerization of Acrylates, Methacrylates, and Styrene: Biobased Approaches, Mechanism, Kinetics, Secondary Reactions, and Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pirman
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o., Količevo 65, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - M. Ocepek
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o., Količevo 65, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - B. Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Li P, Zhu X, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Fully biodegradable polylactide foams with ultrahigh expansion ratio and heat resistance for green packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:222-234. [PMID: 33930441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long chain branching (LCB) structures are efficiently introduced into polylactide (PLA) by employing sustainable soybean oil (SO) under the initiation of trace amount of cyclic peroxide, which displays robust foamability and heat resistance. It is discovered that with the introduction of 0.6 wt% SO, the expansion ratio and Vicat softening temperature of LCB PLA are sharply raised to 75.2-fold and 155.8 °C, respectively, which is about 17.9 and 2.6 times those of linear PLA. This is because that the amounts of LCB structures are significantly increased in LCB PLA by the addition of SO with low reactivity of internal CC bonds, which can avoid the oligomerization reaction, resulting in more dramatically improved melting strength and crystallization performance of LCB PLA. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation of LCB PLA is largely expedited as compared to linear PLA, owing to the more rapid water permeation caused by the loose packing of LCB structures. Finally, the PLA foam tray with light weight and good heat resistance is successfully developed by using LCB PLA with 0.6 wt% SO through extrusion foaming with supercritical carbon oxide and thermoforming techniques. Hence, this research offers a green route to produce eco-friendly light-weight and high-heat-resistance LCB-PLA foam with full biodegradability, which is an ideal alternative to the non-degradable oil-based plastics in the field of disposable packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yadong Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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20
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Li K, Qin Y, Zhao Y, Wang D, Dong JY. Industrial Adaptability of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst-Friendly Synthesis of Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene Based on ω-Alkenylmethyldichlorosilane-Assisted Propylene Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Yong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Hayashi T, Kinashi K, Sakai W, Tsutsumi N, Fujii A, Inada S, Yamamoto H. Spin-trapping analysis for thermal degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Wang D, Wang J, He S, Yan Y, Zhang J, Dong J. Efficient approach to produce functional polypropylene via solvent assisted solid-phase free radical grafting of multi-monomers. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-020-00261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHerein an efficient approach to produce functional polypropylene via solvent assisted solid-phase grafting process is reported, in which acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and maleic anhydride are used as multi-monomers, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) as initiator and ether as swelling solvent and carrier. The effects of various factors such as the swelling solvent species and dosage, swelling time and temperature, monomer and initiator concentrations, reaction time and temperature, nitrogen flow rate and the stirring speed on the grafting percentage and grafting efficiency were investigated. To verify the polar species was grafted onto polypropylene, the resulted polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, water contact angle measurement, tensile strength and melt flow rate measurement. All the results showed that using the ether assisted solid-phase free radical grafting process is an efficient and versatile approach to produce functional polypropylene.
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23
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Wen-Dong T, Guang-Jian H, Wei-Tao H, Xin-Liang Z, Xian-Wu C, Xiao-Chun Y. The reactive compatibilization of PLA/PP blends and improvement of PLA crystallization properties induced by in situ UV irradiation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization rate of PLA in PLA/PP blends increased after reactive compatibilization during a reactive extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Wen-Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - He Guang-Jian
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Huang Wei-Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Zou Xin-Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Cao Xian-Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Yin Xiao-Chun
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
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24
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Gloger D, Mileva D, Zhuravlev E, Schick C. A
DSC
study of polypropylene chain branching effects on structure formation under rapid cooling and reheating from the amorphous glass. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Laing B, De Keyzer J, Seveno D, Van Bael A. Adhesion between ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer and thermoplastics in two‐component injection molding: Effect of dicumylperoxide as curing agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Laing
- Materials Technology TC KU Leuven, Diepenbeek Campus Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jozefien De Keyzer
- Sustainable Chemical Process Technology TC KU Leuven, Diepenbeek Campus Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Albert Van Bael
- Materials Technology TC KU Leuven, Diepenbeek Campus Diepenbeek Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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26
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Zhu X, Pang H, Zheng N, Tian P, Ning G. High effects of smoke suppression and char formation of NiMo/Mg(OH)
2
for polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Hongchang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Guiling Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian China
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27
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Yuan H, Shao Q, Liang F, Shi H, Song W. Mechanism of crosslinking in benzoyl peroxide‐initiated functionalization of vinyltriethoxysilane onto polypropylene in the water medium. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing China
| | - Qing Shao
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing China
| | - Fengchun Liang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing China
| | - Wenbo Song
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing China
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28
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Kučera F, Petruš J, Bálková R, Jančář J. Solid‐state grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene: The influence of morphology of polypropylene on heterogeneous reaction. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Kučera
- Faculty of ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Petruš
- Faculty of ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bálková
- Faculty of ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jančář
- Faculty of ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova Brno Czech Republic
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29
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Jang BK, Kim MH, Park OO. Effects of Crystallinity and Molecular Weight on the Melting Behavior and Cell Morphology of Expanded Polypropylene in Bead Foam Manufacturing. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Wang S, Zhang X, Jiang C, Jiang H, Tang Y, Li J, Ren M, Qiao J. Polymer Solid-Phase Grafting at Temperature Higher than the Polymer Melting Point through Selective Heating. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songhe Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yujing Tang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Juan Li
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Minqiao Ren
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jinliang Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
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31
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Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride grafted SEBS modified with ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol or glycerine. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Enhanced Interfacial Shear Strength and Critical Energy Release Rate in Single Glass Fiber-Crosslinked Polypropylene Model Microcomposites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122552. [PMID: 30558269 PMCID: PMC6316863 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites produced by using hybrid yarns show reduced fiber-to-matrix adhesion in comparison to their thermosetting counterparts. Their consolidation involves no curing, and the chemical reactions are limited to the glass fiber surface, the silane coupling agent, and the maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene. This paper investigates the impact of electron beam crosslinkable toughened polypropylene, alkylene-functionalized single glass fibers, and electron-induced grafting and crosslinking on the local interfacial shear strength and critical energy release rate in single glass fiber polypropylene model microcomposites. A systematic comparison of non-, amino-, alkyl-, and alkylene-functionalized single fibers in virgin, crosslinkable toughened and electron beam crosslinked toughened polypropylene was done in order to study their influence on the local interfacial strength parameters. In comparison to amino-functionalized single glass fibers in polypropylene/maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, an enhanced local interfacial shear strength (+20%) and critical energy release rate (+80%) were observed for alkylene-functionalized single glass fibers in electron beam crosslinked toughened polypropylene.
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33
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Liang F, Yuan H, Shao Q, Song W. Study of suspension grafting process of polypropylene. Des Monomers Polym 2018; 21:130-136. [PMID: 30245609 PMCID: PMC6147089 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2018.1503147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting efficiency is an important indicator of polypropylene grafting reaction. A series of studies have been accomplished, including the conditions of free radical presence on PP backbone during peroxide initiation, the effect of preheat treatment and reaction time on PP suspension grafting results, and the effect of peroxide residue on properties of modified PP. An optimized grafting process was proposed by mixing and preheating polypropylene (PP) and the initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) before adding the grafting monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA),resulting in an increase in grafting efficiency from 50.0% to 78.2%. With initiator residue removed by alternating temperature treatment, the suspension grafting reaction time could be substantially reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Liang
- Division of New Products Development, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Division of New Products Development, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Division of New Products Development, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Division of New Products Development, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
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34
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Yang L, Jiang T, Gong W, He L, Luo Z, Zhang C. Influence of polypropylene topological structure evolution during melt branching reactive processing on its melt performances. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Luo
- College of Materials and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang 550003 People's Republic of China
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35
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Zhang C, Yang L, He L, Gong W, Luo Z, Liu W. Influence of different functionality degree grafting monomers on polypropylene melt radical branching reaction and their structure. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang 550003 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang 550003 People's Republic of China
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36
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Kamleitner F, Duscher B, Koch T, Knaus S, Archodoulaki VM. Upcycling of polypropylene-the influence of polyethylene impurities. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kamleitner
- Institute of Material Science and Technology, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - B. Duscher
- Institute of Material Science and Technology, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - T. Koch
- Institute of Material Science and Technology, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - S. Knaus
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - V. M. Archodoulaki
- Institute of Material Science and Technology, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060 Austria
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37
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He GJ, Yuan BY, Zheng TT, Zhu WL, Yin XC. In situ ozonolysis of polypropylene during extrusion to produce long-chain branches with the aid of TMPTA. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of long-chain branches (LCBs) in polypropylene (PP) during the extrusion process is normally induced by peroxide chemicals which are known to cause to the formation of secondary products in the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Bing-Yu Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wen-li Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering
- Hubei University of Arts and Science
- Xiangyang
- 441053 China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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38
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Liu W, Liu P, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. A Comprehensive Review on Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain-Branched Polyolefins: Part 2, Multiple Catalyst Systems and Prepolymer Modification. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
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39
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Guapacha J, Vallés EM, Quinzani LM, Failla MD. Long-chain branched polypropylene obtained using an epoxy resin as crosslinking agent. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Chen F, Guo ZX, Yu J. Control of surface morphology of polypropylene/polystyrene blend pellets prepared by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in isotactic polypropylene pellets. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Yang M, Li J, Guo S. A reactive extrusion process with the aid of ultrasound for preparing cross-linked polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Yichun University; Yichun 336000 China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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42
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Drabek J, Zatloukal M. Evaluation of Thermally Induced Degradation of Branched Polypropylene by Using Rheology and Different Constitutive Equations. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8090317. [PMID: 30974589 PMCID: PMC6432215 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, virgin as well as thermally degraded branched polypropylenes were investigated by using rotational and Sentmanat extensional rheometers, gel permeation chromatography and different constitutive equations. Based on the obtained experimental data and theoretical analysis, it has been found that even if both chain scission and branching takes place during thermal degradation of the tested polypropylene, the melt strength (quantified via the level of extensional strain hardening) can increase at short degradation times. It was found that constitutive equations such as Generalized Newtonian law, modified White-Metzner model, Yao and Extended Yao models have the capability to describe and interpret the measured steady-state rheological data of the virgin as well as thermally degraded branched polypropylenes. Specific attention has been paid to understanding molecular changes during thermal degradation of branched polypropylene by using physical parameters of utilized constitutive equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Drabek
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Zatloukal
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
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43
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44
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Sun M, Zhang X, Chen W, Feng L. The effect of tunable modification parameters on the structure and properties of polypropylene with cyclotrimerization surface of isocyanates. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Lianfang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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45
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Qiu HY, Chen F, Guo ZX, Yu J. Preparation of polypropylene/poly(styrene-co-(butyl methacrylate)) nanoblends by diffusion and subsequent copolymerization of monomers in isotactic polypropylene pellets. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Amintowlieh Y, Tzoganakis C, Penlidis A. Continuous modification of polypropylene via photoinitiation. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Amintowlieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Costas Tzoganakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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Merchan Sandoval J, Quinzani LM, Failla MD. Polypropylene nanocomposites produced byin situgrafting ofn-butyl acrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Merchan Sandoval
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); UNS-CONICET - C.C. 717 - Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
| | - Lidia M. Quinzani
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); UNS-CONICET - C.C. 717 - Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
| | - Marcelo D. Failla
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); UNS-CONICET - C.C. 717 - Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS); Av. Alem 1253 - Bahía Blanca 8000 Argentina
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48
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Lin JR, Lin JH, Chen QH. Anti-Aging Performance of Cardanol Grafted onto Polypropylene by Reactive Extrusion. INT POLYM PROC 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cardanol grafted onto polypropylene (CAPP) was prepared by reactive extrusion with polypropylene (PP) and natural renewable cardanol, which could improve the inherent defects of PP such as chemical inertness and hydrophobicity. Moreover, the cardanol grafted onto PP could resolve the degradation of PP during the process of reactive extrusion, storage and application. In this paper, the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break of modified and unmodified PPs were tested during the aging process. A possible aging mechanim of PP and anti-aging mechanism of cardanol grafted onto PP were proposed. Results showed that the initiator dicumyl peroxide caused the degradation of PP chains during the aging processing. After being aged for 24 h, the yield strength CAPP0 decreased from 28 MPa to 15 MPa and the elongation at break reduced by 795%. CAPPs possessed outstanding anti-aging performance owing to the cross-linking and entanglement of the side chains of cardanol grafted onto PP. The yield strength, tensile strength and the elongation at break of CAPP5 changed lightly even when it was in long-term irradiation for 480 h. The CAPPs had better anti-aging properties than the mixture of PP and 5% of cardanol. CAPP containing 3% of cardanol could effectively prevent the degradation of the main chain polypropylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-R. Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
| | - J.-H. Lin
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials , Fuzhou , PRC
| | - Q.-H. Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials , Fuzhou , PRC
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
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Yilu Z, Zhifang G, Liming Z, Lisha P, Zheng T, Sujuan P, Nai X, Qiang L. Mechanochemistry: a novel approach to graft polypropylene with dual monomers (PP-g-(MAH-co-St)). Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Oliani WL, Parra DF, Lima LFCP, Lincopan N, Lugao AB. Development of a nanocomposite of polypropylene with biocide action from silver nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Washington Luiz Oliani
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; National Nuclear Energy Commission, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 2242; CEP 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Duclerc Fernandes Parra
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; National Nuclear Energy Commission, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 2242; CEP 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luis Filipe Carvalho Pedroso Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; National Nuclear Energy Commission, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 2242; CEP 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, University of Sao Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ademar Benevolo Lugao
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute; National Nuclear Energy Commission, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 2242; CEP 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
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