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Abdollahi Boraei SB, Bakhshandeh B, Mohammadzadeh F, Haghighi DM, Mohammadpour Z. Clay-reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29196. [PMID: 38633642 PMCID: PMC11021979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Clay-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites and nanocomposites are one of the newest and most important compounds studied and used in various applications, including the biomedical, automotive industry, water treatment, packaging, fire retarding, and construction. The most important clays used in the synthesis of these composites are Bentonite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, and Illite. The addition of these nanoclays to the PVC matrix improves mechanical properties, thermal stability, and yellowness index properties. In this chapter, a detailed study of PVC and its properties, types of nanoclays and their properties, modification of nanoclays, production methods of composites, and nanocomposites of PVC/clay, their characterization, and applications have been performed. Herein, the types, properties, and applications of PVC/clay nanocomposites, as well as their challenges and future remarks, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorrin Mohtadi Haghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadpour
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
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2
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Kumar R, Lalnundiki V, Shelare SD, Abhishek GJ, Sharma S, Sharma D, Kumar A, Abbas M. An investigation of the environmental implications of bioplastics: Recent advancements on the development of environmentally friendly bioplastics solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117707. [PMID: 38008206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The production and utilization of plastics may prove beneficial, but the environmental impact suggests the opposite. The single-use plastics (SUP) and conventional plastics are harmful to the environment and need prompt disposal. Bioplastics are increasingly being considered as a viable alternative to conventional plastics due to their potential to alleviate environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. However, the previous reviews revealed a lack of consistency in the methodologies used in the Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), making it difficult to compare the results across studies. The current study provides a systematic review of LCAs that assess the environmental impact of bioplastics. The different mechanical characteristics of bio plastics, like tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation at break are reviewed which suggest that bio plastics are comparatively much better than synthetic plastics. Bioplastics have more efficient mechanical properties compared to synthetic plastics which signifies that bioplastics are more sustainable and reliable than synthetic plastics. The key challenges in bioplastic adoption and production include competition with food production for feedstock, high production costs, uncertainty in end-of-life management, limited biodegradability, lack of standardization, and technical performance limitations. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders to drive innovation, reduce costs, improve end-of-life management, and promote awareness and education. Overall, the study suggests that while bioplastics have the potential to reduce environmental impact, further research is needed to better understand their life cycle and optimize their end-of-life (EoL) management and production to maximize their environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - V Lalnundiki
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sagar D Shelare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, M.S, 440019, India.
| | - Galla John Abhishek
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 266520, Qingdao, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Kudzin MH, Piwowarska D, Festinger N, Chruściel JJ. Risks Associated with the Presence of Polyvinyl Chloride in the Environment and Methods for Its Disposal and Utilization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:173. [PMID: 38204025 PMCID: PMC10779931 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have recently become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life due to their versatility, durability, light weight, and low production costs. The increasing production and use of plastics poses great environmental problems due to their incomplete utilization, a very long period of biodegradation, and a negative impact on living organisms. Decomposing plastics lead to the formation of microplastics, which accumulate in the environment and living organisms, becoming part of the food chain. The contamination of soils and water with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) seriously threatens ecosystems around the world. Their durability and low weight make microplastic particles easily transported through water or air, ending up in the soil. Thus, the problem of microplastic pollution affects the entire ecosystem. Since microplastics are commonly found in both drinking and bottled water, humans are also exposed to their harmful effects. Because of existing risks associated with the PVC microplastic contamination of the ecosystem, intensive research is underway to develop methods to clean and remove it from the environment. The pollution of the environment with plastic, and especially microplastic, results in the reduction of both water and soil resources used for agricultural and utility purposes. This review provides an overview of PVC's environmental impact and its disposal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin H. Kudzin
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominika Piwowarska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 21/23 Jana Matejki Str., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-232 Łódź, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna Str., 90-364 Łódź, Poland
| | - Natalia Festinger
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy J. Chruściel
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Łódź, Poland; (M.H.K.); (D.P.); (N.F.)
- Circular Economy Center (BCG), Environmental Protection Engineering Research Group, Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland
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4
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González-Delgado ÁD, Ramos-Olmos M, Pájaro-Gómez N. Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of Process System Engineering (PSE) Applied to the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6932. [PMID: 37959529 PMCID: PMC10649967 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PVC is widely used in packaging, electrical insulation, and medical devices due to its versatility owing to its resistance, incombustible and barrier properties as well as affordable cost. In the present study, bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses are proposed to identify trends, gaps, future directions, and challenges regarding process system engineering (PSE) applied to the production process of PVC using VOSviewer as a tool for analyzing the data obtained from SCOPUS. A mapping of different topics alluding to simulation of PVC production was provided to gain a better insight into the development of the topic and its progression. The findings indicate that the literature on this topic falls into five different clusters: modeling and simulation of PVC production, process control and optimization, and optimization strategies of the process. From a co-occurrence study we identified that mathematics and statistics applied to polymer chemistry, separation phenomena, and polymer production are the main areas of interest for further research. The trends suggest that Monte Carlo and numerical simulation can contribute to a deeper understanding of PVC's properties and behavior. In addition, the focus on plastics and microplastics reflects concerns about the environmental impact. A bibliometric study evidenced that PSE provides the tools for improvement in PVC production processes by employing advanced process engineering techniques. Modelling and new algorithms for simulation methods of continuous polymerization processes are important to enhance accuracy and efficiency across various applications. The study also proposes a research agenda for future researchers working in the field of the use of PSE applied to the PVC production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Darío González-Delgado
- Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Bolívar, Colombia or (M.R.-O.); (N.P.-G.)
| | - Miguel Ramos-Olmos
- Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Bolívar, Colombia or (M.R.-O.); (N.P.-G.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Administrativas y Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (CIASST), Business Administration Department, Universidad Minuto de Dios-UniMinuto, Cartagena 130001, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Nórida Pájaro-Gómez
- Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Bolívar, Colombia or (M.R.-O.); (N.P.-G.)
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5
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Yuan Z, Zhao X, Nie S, Li X, Zhang Z, Li Z. Bismuth stannate nanoparticles for enhancing fire safety of flexible polyvinyl chloride: Preparation, evaluation, and mechanism. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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6
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Zouhri Y, Berthé JMM, Bonnet F, Stasik B, Colemonts C, Lasuye T, Mortreux A, Champouret Y, Visseaux M. Ferrocene/ferrocenium redox shuttling: Peroxide decomposition catalysis applied to vinyl monomers polymerization under suspension conditions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Thermal degradation kinetics, mechanism, thermodynamics, shape memory properties and artificial neural network application study of polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Kumar S, Kaur P, Brar RS, Babu JN. Nanoscale zerovalent copper (nZVC) catalyzed environmental remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10140. [PMID: 36042719 PMCID: PMC9420493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the nano zerovalent copper has emerged as an effective nano-catalyst for the environment remediation processes due to its ease of synthesis, low cost, controllable particle size and high reactivity despite its release during the remediation process and related concentration dependent toxicities. However, the improvised techniques involving the use of supports or immobilizer for the synthesis of Cu0 has significantly increased its stability and motivated the researchers to explore the applicability of Cu0 for the environment remediation processes, which is evident from access to numerous reports on nano zerovalent copper mediated remediation of contaminants. Initially, this review allows the understanding of the various resources used to synthesize zerovalent copper nanomaterial and the structure of Cu0 nanoparticles, followed by focus on the reaction mechanism and the species involved in the contaminant remediation process. The studies comprehensively presented the application of nano zerovalent copper for remediation of organic/inorganic contaminants in combination with various oxidizing and reducing agents under oxic and anoxic conditions. Further, it was evaluated that the immobilizers or support combined with various irradiation sources originates a synergistic effect and have a significant effect on the stability and the redox properties of nZVC in the remediation process. Therefore, the review proposed that the future scope of research should include rigorous focus on deriving an exact mechanism for synergistic effect for the removal of contaminants by supported nZVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | | | - J Nagendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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9
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Arslan R, Atilla Tasdelen M, Arslan M. Covalent Modification of Poly(vinyl chloride) via Organometallic Barbier Reaction. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Wang R, Xu S. Preparation and properties of transparent powder filled soft poly(vinyl chloride) composite film with high transparency. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shiai Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
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11
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Lieberzeit P, Bekchanov D, Mukhamediev M. Polyvinyl chloride modifications, properties, and applications: Review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lieberzeit
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Davron Bekchanov
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan
- Department of General education sciences University of Geological Sciences Tashkent Uzbekistan
| | - Mukhtar Mukhamediev
- Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan
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12
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Abreu CM, Fonseca AC, Rodrigues DF, Rezende TC, Marques JR, Tomás AJ, Gonçalves PM, Serra AC, Coelho JF. Preparation of nonmigratory flexible poly(vinyl chloride)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(vinyl chloride) via aqueous reversible deactivation radical polymerization in a pilot reactor. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Bi Q, Lu Y, Zhao C, Ma X, Khanal S, Xu S. A facile approach to prepare anhydrous
MgCO
3
and its effect on the mechanical and flame retardant properties of
PVC
composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- School of Artificial Intelligence Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Santosh Khanal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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14
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Li H, Zhang J, Wei F, Yan J, Da Z, Chu Y, Wang X, Wang Z. Influences of processing conditions on the glass transition of soft poly(vinyl chloride) compounds filled with calcium carbonate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Spheres Coated with Graphene Oxide Sheets: From Synthesis to Optical Properties and Their Applications as Flame-Retardant Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040565. [PMID: 33672830 PMCID: PMC7917685 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method to obtain poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) spheres, which consists of an interaction between commercial PVC grains and hexyl ethyl cellulose and lauroyl peroxide at a temperature of 60 °C, is reported. The addition of the graphene oxide (GO) sheets dispersed in dimethylformamide to the reaction mixture leads to the generation of composites made of PVC spheres coated with GO sheets. Scanning electron microscopy studies have demonstrated that this method allows for the transformation of PVC grains with sizes between 75 and 227 μm into spheres with sizes varying from 0.7 to 3.5 μm when the GO concentration in the PVC/GO composite mass increases from 0.5 to 5 wt.%. Our studies of Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy highlight a series of changes that indicate the appearance of ClCH=CH–, CH2=CCl–, and/or –CH=CCl– units as a result of PVC partial dehydrogenation. New –COO– and C–OH bonds on the GO sheet surfaces are induced during the preparation of PVC spheres coated with GO sheets. A photoluminescence (PL) band with a maximum at 325 nm is reported to characterize the PVC spheres. A PVC PL quenching process is demonstrated to be induced by the increase in the concentration of the GO sheets in the PVC/GO composite mass. The perspectives regarding the use of this composite as a flame-retardant material are also reported.
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16
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Synthesis, Characterization, Structural, and Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Films for Photocatalysis Application. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Elnaggar MY, Fathy ES, Hassan MM. Investigation of physico -mechanical properties of flexible poly (vinyl chloride) filled with antimony trioxide using ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3054-3061. [PMID: 29613848 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1461247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Composites of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with 2% calcium carbonate, 2% diethyl phthalate, 2% paraffin wax and 2% lead sulphate and different contents of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) prepared by melting and irradiated with gamma ray have been considered. Assessment of the mechanical and thermal properties of the unirradiated and irradiated flexible polyvinyl chloride (FPVC) were completed utilizing elasticity (TS), Elongation at break (Eb) and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. TS and thermal stability of FPVC displayed advanced improvement after addition of additives and this approach highlighted the efficiency of those ingredients on PVC. The compounding of FPVC with Sb2O3 in various extents was examined by FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope methods. It is obvious that the presence of Sb2O3 begins impacting oxidative degradation, leading to a decrease in mechanical properties up to 10%. Moreover, a slight increase in the thermal stability of composites by exposure to ionizing radiation is apparently due to cross-linking of FPVC chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Y Elnaggar
- Polymer Chemistry Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology , Nasr City , Egypt
| | - E S Fathy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology , Nasr City , Egypt
| | - Medhat M Hassan
- Polymer Chemistry Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology , Nasr City , Egypt
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18
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Mitrano DM, Beltzung A, Frehland S, Schmiedgruber M, Cingolani A, Schmidt F. Synthesis of metal-doped nanoplastics and their utility to investigate fate and behaviour in complex environmental systems. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:362-368. [PMID: 30718833 PMCID: PMC6451641 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Research on the distribution and effects of particulate plastic has intensified in recent years and yet, due to analytical challenges, our understanding of nanoplastic occurrence and behaviour has remained comparatively elusive. However, process studies could greatly aid in defining key parameters for nanoplastic interactions within and transfers between technical and environmental compartments. Here we provide a method to synthesize nanoplastic particles doped with a chemically entrapped metal used as a tracer, which provides a robust way to detect nanoplastics more easily, accurately and quantitatively in complex media. We show the utility of this approach in batch studies that simulate the activated sludge process of a municipal waste water treatment plant and so better understand the fate of nanoplastics in urban environments. We found that the majority of particles were associated with the sludge (>98%), with an average recovery of over 93% of the spiked material achieved. We believe that this approach can be developed further to study the fate, transport, mechanistic behaviour and biological uptake of nanoplastics in a variety of systems on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Mitrano
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Beltzung
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frehland
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmiedgruber
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Process Engineering, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Dubendorf, Switzerland
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19
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Abreu CM, Fonseca AC, Rocha NM, Guthrie JT, Serra AC, Coelho JF. Poly(vinyl chloride): current status and future perspectives via reversible deactivation radical polymerization methods. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Hazra S, Martins NM, Mahmudov K, Zubkov FI, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJ. A tetranuclear diphenyltin(IV) complex and its catalytic activity in the aerobic Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Jiang Z, Wang J, Ge R, Wu C. The effects of surface modification of ground calcium carbonate powdery fillers on the properties of PVC. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Bis-uracil based high efficient heat stabilizers used in super transparent soft poly (vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Wang SY, Fang LF, Cheng L, Jeon S, Kato N, Matsuyama H. Novel ultrafiltration membranes with excellent antifouling properties and chlorine resistance using a poly(vinyl chloride)-based copolymer. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Guo JW, Lin ZY, Huang BR, Lu CH, Chen JK. Antigen detection with thermosensitive hydrophilicity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted poly(vinyl chloride) fibrous mats. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3486-3496. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The static water contact angle of stimuli-responsive fibrous mats is used as a convenient index for rapid antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Zhen-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Bohr-Ran Huang
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Taichung
- Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
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25
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Mu X, Jing Y, Liu C, Zhang D. Theoretical study on the effective dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane catalyzed by tetraalkylphosphonium chlorides: electrostatically controlled reactivity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a DFT study on how and why tetraalkylphosphonium chlorides efficiently catalyze the dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Yaru Jing
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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26
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Abdolmaleki A, Mallakpour S, Tabebordbar H. Improvement of PVC/α-MnO2–LVA nanocomposites properties: A promising adsorbent for Pb(II) uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1404198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdolmaleki
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Institute, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Institute, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hashem Tabebordbar
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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27
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Yang L, Hu R, Li H, Jia Y, Zhou Q, Wang H. The effect of interaction between La 2 AlCoO 6 and CuCl 2 on ethane oxychlorination. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Gao Y, Gao X, Li J, Guo S. Microwave absorbing and mechanical properties of alternating multilayer carbonyl iron powder-poly(vinyl chloride) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China
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29
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Mathews JM, Santhosh B, Abdul Azeez PM, Solaiappan A. Design and fabrication of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) dielectric composite reinforced with ZnO microvaristors. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeen Maria Mathews
- Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
| | - Balanand Santhosh
- Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul Azeez
- Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
| | - Ananthakumar Solaiappan
- Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
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30
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Fang LF, Matsuyama H, Zhu BK, Zhao S. Development of antifouling poly(vinyl chloride) blend membranes by atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment (Ministry of Education), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Bao-Ku Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment (Ministry of Education), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaifei Zhao
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1; Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia
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31
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Huang Z, Pan P, Bao Y. Synthesis of random and block copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate by RAFT miniemulsion polymerizations mediated by a fluorinated xanthate. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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32
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Lu Y, Zhang W, Li X, Xu S. Synthesis of new polyether titanate coupling agents with different polyethyleneglycol segment lengths and their compatibilization in calcium sulfate whisker/poly(vinyl chloride) composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CSW modified by coupling agent and the interfacial interaction between mCSW and PVC matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Shiai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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33
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Zhu L, Wu Y, Shentu B, Weng Z. Preparation and characterization of zinc-mannitol complexes as PVC thermal stabilizers with high efficiency. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Bijhanmanesh MJ, Etesami N, Darvishi R. Continuous dosing of fast initiator during vinyl chloride suspension polymerization: Thermal stability of PVC resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Etesami
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Reza Darvishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
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35
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36
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Huang Z, Pan P, Bao Y. Solution and aqueous miniemulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride mediated by a fluorinated xanthate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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37
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Mallakpour S, Sadaty MA. Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) as modifier agent for TiO2 nanoparticles and the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride) composite films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were used for improving the thermal, mechanical and optical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Marzieh Adnany Sadaty
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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38
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Martins LMDRS, Hazra S, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL. A sulfonated Schiff base dimethyltin(iv) coordination polymer: synthesis, characterization and application as a catalyst for ultrasound- or microwave-assisted Baeyer–Villiger oxidation under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfonated Schiff base dimethyltin(iv) coordination polymer is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the peroxidative Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of ketones, under ultrasound or microwave irradiation and solvent- and additive-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | | | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
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39
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Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) grafted poly(vinyl chloride)s synthesized via ATRP process and their membranes for dye separation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Chylińska M, Kaczmarek H, Burkowska-But A, Walczak M. Novel biocidal N-halamine plastic based on poly(vinyl chloride): Preparation and characteristics. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Atanase LI, Bistac S, Riess G. Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer blockiness on the dynamic interfacial tension and dilational viscoelasticity of polymer-anionic surfactant complex at the water-1-chlorobutane interface. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2665-2672. [PMID: 25691435 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVA) copolymers obtained by partial hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) are of practical importance for many applications, including emulsion and suspension polymerization processes. Their molecular characteristics have a major influence on the colloidal and interfacial properties. The most significant characteristics are represented by the average degree of hydrolysis D̅H̅, average degree of polymerization D̅P̅w̅ but also by the average acetate sequence length n(VAc)(0) which designates the so-called blockiness. Colloidal aggregates were observed in the aqueous PVA solutions having a D̅H̅ value of 73 mol%. The volume fraction of these aggregates at a given D̅H̅ value is directly correlated to the blockiness. Three PVA samples with identical D̅H̅ and D̅P̅w̅ but different blockiness were examined. By pendant drop and oscillating pendant drop techniques it was shown that the PVA sample having the lowest blockiness and thus the lowest volume fraction of colloidal aggregates has lower interfacial tension and elastic modulus E' values. On the contrary, the corresponding values are highest for PVA sample of higher blockiness. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the colloidal aggregates are disaggregated by complex formation due to the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions. The PVA-SDS complex acts as a partial polyelectrolyte that induces the stretching of the chains and thus a reduction of the interface thickness. In this case, the interfacial tension and the elastic modulus both increase with increasing SDS concentration for all three PVA samples and the most significant effect was noticed for the most "blocky" copolymer sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, University of Haute Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France.
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42
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Grishin DF. Synthesis of vinyl chloride homo- and copolymers under the conditions of controlled radical polymerization. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427215030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Zhou H, Wu C, Onwudili JA, Meng A, Zhang Y, Williams PT. Effect of interactions of PVC and biomass components on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during fast co-pyrolysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass distribution, gas products and PAH formation from co-pyrolysis of PVC and biomass components were investigated. Biomass materials and/or bio-char can act as catalyst of PVC pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Thermal Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- Energy Research Institute
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Chemical Engineering
- University of Hull
| | | | - Aihong Meng
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Thermal Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Thermal Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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44
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Liu K, Pan P, Bao Y. Synthesis, micellization, and thermally-induced macroscopic micelle aggregation of poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) amphiphilic copolymer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PVC-g-PNIPAM amphiphilic copolymers with controlled graft lengths and densities are synthesized, which form unique macroscopic aggregates with well-defined 3D shapes in dilute aqueous solution above the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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45
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Poerschmann J, Weiner B, Woszidlo S, Koehler R, Kopinke FD. Hydrothermal carbonization of poly(vinyl chloride). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:682-689. [PMID: 25150971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization in subcritical water at 180-260 °C. Dehydrochlorination increased with increasing reaction temperature. The release of chlorine was almost quantitative above ∼235 °C. The fraction of organic carbon (OC) recovered in the hydrochar decreased with increasing operating temperature from 93% at 180 °C to 75% at 250 °C. A wide array of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could be detected in the aqueous phase, but their combined concentration amounted to only ∼140 μg g(-1) PVC-substrate at 240 °C. A pathway for the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons and O-functionalized organics was proposed. Chlorinated hydrocarbons including chlorophenols could only be identified at trace levels (low ppb). Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) could not be detected. The sorption potential of the hydrochar turned out to be very low, in particular for polar organic pollutants. Our results provide strong evidence that hydrothermal carbonization of household organic wastes which can be tied to co-discarded PVC-plastic residues is environmentally sound regarding the formation of toxic organic products. Following these findings, hydrothermal treatment of PVC-waste beyond operating temperatures of ∼235 °C to allow complete release of organic chlorine should be further pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Poerschmann
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - B Weiner
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Woszidlo
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Koehler
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F-D Kopinke
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Radaniel T, Genay S, Simon N, Feutry F, Quagliozzi F, Barthélémy C, Lecoeur M, Sautou V, Décaudin B, Odou P. Quantification of five plasticizers used in PVC tubing through high performance liquid chromatographic-UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Photo-induced Synthesis of PVC Macroinitiators and Preparation of Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers. ACTA POLYM SIN 2014. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2014.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Pavlovskaya MV, Smirnova NN, Markin AV, Grishin DF. Synthesis of block copolymers from polyvinyl chloride prepared in the presence of nitroxyl radicals of the imidazoline series. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427214030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Shu H, Liu K, Liu F, Zhang Z, Li X. Improving mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) by doping with organically functionalized reactive nanosilica. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Coelho JF, Fonseca A, Gonçalves PM, Popov AV, Gil M. Scaling-up of poly(vinyl chloride) prepared by single electron transfer–degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization in water media—II: High molecular weight-ultra stable PVC. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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